CMBUkTI8 bnHBum</ cnl; nig kMral

BOARD, PROPS AND OPERATING FLOOR

bnHBum</ cnl; KWCaeRKOgbgMmYyeFIVGMBIeQI b elah RtUv)anEkcedIm,IeFIVCaBum<

(FORMWORK) cak;eRKOgbgMebtug. eRkayeBlebtugkkrwgRtUv)anedaHecj ykeTAcak;
sMNg;epSgeTot. Bum< KWCa]bkrN_mYyya:gcaM)ac; nig sMxan;eGaykargarcak;ebtugenA
kardankdUcCaenAeragcRk. dUcenHeBlbegIt/ eRbIR)as;/ Bum<RtUvbMeBj)anbNatMrUvkar
beckeTsCakMNt;.
1> bNatMrUvkarcMeBaHbnHBum</ cnl;
bnHBum</ cnl;mYycMnYnFMRtUv)aneFIVGMBIeQI/ bedayelah/ RtUv)anplitkgenA
eragCag/ eragcRk b enAkardanpal;. eTaHCaplitenANa/ bnHBum< cnl;
kRtUvbMeBjtMrUvkarxageRkam
i.

ii.

iii.

RtUvEkcRtUvtamxatrbs;bNaeRKOgbgMsMNg;.
RtUvmaM (strong) / rwg (Hard) / manesrPaB (Settled) / minekag (It is not
Bent).
RtUverobry (Neatly)/ Rsal (Light)/ gaytMeLIg nig ruHerI (Fit and removing
easy).

iv.

RtUveRbI)aneRcInelIk. cMeBaHbnHeQI RtUveRbI)anBI 3 7 elIk. bnHEdk

RtUveRbI)anBI 50 200 elIk. edIm,IeRbI)aneRcIndg eRkayeBleRbIcb;RtUv
ekassMGateGaysat/ RtUvlabeRbg/ Tukdak;enAkEngst.

2> EbgEckRbePTBum<
GacEbgEckBum<tamviFIeRcInepSgKa tamlTPaBeRbIR)as; b tamsMParplit
ecjCaBum<.
tamkartMeLIg nig ruHerIBum< eKEckecjCa Bum<efr (Fixed formwork)/ Bum<qas;
(Rotated formwork)/ Bum<clt (Mobile formwork) cltepk/ clteLIgkMBs;.
tamsMPareFIVBum</ eKGacEckCa Bum<eQI/ Bum<elah/ Bum<eFIVGMBIbnHebtug/ Bum<ekAsU/
Bum<CatiyWt >>>. eTaHEckRbePTBum<tamviFINa/ kgkarsagsg;Cak;Esg eyIgEtgeRbI
eRcInenAEtCaBum<efr nig Bum<qas;.
3> Bum<efr

(Fixed formwork)

Bum<efrEtgeFIVGMBIeQI/ eFIVGMBIelahtictYc. eBlplitBum<eKeFIVtMrUvtameRKOgbgM

sMNg;nimYy rbs;sMNg;NamYyenaH edIm,Icak;ebtug/ eRkayebtugkkrwg edaHecj
enaHminGaceRbIsMrab;sMNg;RbePTepSgeTot. eBleRbIRbePTBum<enH manKuNsm,ti
KWplitgayRsYl/ b:uEnKuNvibtiFMbMputKW Gs;eQIeRcIn eRBaHRtUvkat;tRmwmsmRsb
CamYyEklMGitrbs;eRKOgbgMsMNg;. kartPab;bNabnHtUc CabnHFM Etge)aHeday
EdkeKal dUcenHBum<Rbehag/

kMritqas;tic. eQIeRbIedIm,IplitBum<RbePTenH KWCaeQI bnH/ kMras;rbs;bnHeQIEtg

2/5 4 sm. eBlcaM)ac; eKkdak;bnHeQICab;CamYy KaCabnHEtmYy.
bNabnHTaMgenHPab;KaedayemeQI (Stud) nig EdkeKal (Nail)/
cMgayrvagbNaemeQIBI 0>^ 0>( m rUbPaB *>! .
rUbPaB *>! bnHBum<efr
!> bNabnHeQI/ @> em/
#> EdkeKal
kglMnaMeFIVkargar/ bNabnHbegItCaBum< TTYlbnkrbs;ebtug nig bnkGefreBl
cak;/ bgab;. xatrbs;bnHeQI nig viFItMeLIgGaRsyeTAnig eRKOgbgM EdlRtUvcak;.
edIm,IRsavRCavRKb;RKan; GMBIplitPaB/ tMeLIg/ kdUcCaplitkm/ cab;tMeLIg,>>>>
eyIgcUrBiniteGayRbePTBum<efrnimYy CamYy nig RbePTeRKOgbgMnimYy.
1> Bum<RKwH (Foundation Formwork)

Bum<eRbIsMrab;RKb;RbePTRKwH EtgedaybnHeQI/ b edaybnHeQItKaedaybnH

eRcInCamYyKaedayEdkeKal.
1>1> Bum<RKwHFwm (Strip Foundation Formwork)
kartMeLIgrYmman bnHBIr b bnHpM eQI mankMBs;x<s;CagkMBs;rbs;RKwH
5-10 sm. EpkxagECIgeRkam eRbIembeNayBIr/ EpkxagelIeRbIemTTwg
edIm,IrkSaKMlatrbs;Bum<. eBlcak;ebtug nig bgab;ebtug/ edIm,ITb;Tl;kar
e)a:gBum< (Fill out) eKeRbIemTl;bBait.

rUbPaB *>@ Bum<RKwHFwm/ !> bnHeQI/ @> emQr/ #> cnl;bBait/

$> r)akMNt;/ %> eRKagTTwg/ ^> swg (stake)
1>2> Bum<eRbIsMrab;RKwHeTal (Pad Foundation Formwork)

cMNucBiesscMeBaHRbePTRKwHenH KWtMeLIgCafak;eRcIn. enAkNalman

krssr. kartMeLIgBum<RKwHeTaldUcelI rUbPaB 8>3.

rUbPaB *># Bum<RKwHeTal/ a. Bum<eRkA/ b. Bum<kg/

!> bnHBum</ @> embBar/ #> srsEdkf<k;/ $> em/ %> cnl;bBait/ ^> swg
2> Bum<CBaaMg (Wall Formwork)
Bum<CBaaMgEtCYb eBlcak;ebtugsMNg;CBaaMgebtugsrsEdk/ bbNaRkva:t;
(Wattle) kgsMNg;sg;tMeLIg (Precast Concrete Frame) / CeNIryn >>>.
BiessKWWeRKObgMesIg/ kMBs;x<s;/ esrPaBeBlsagsg;eRkay. Bum<GaceRbIeday
eQI/ edayelah.

rcnasm<nrbs;Bum<CBaaMgrYmmandUcxageRkam

rUbPaB *>$ Bum<CBaaMg/ a. krNI d <= 50 cm

!> embBar/ @> bnHBum</ #> f<k;edaysrsEdk/ $> emebtug
%> eQIkMNt;TItaMg/ ^> emeQI/ b. krNI d > 50 cm
!> bnHBum</ @> embBar / #> bULg/ $> cnl;bBait/ %> RTnab;.
bNabnHBum<edayeQI b edayelah/ bNabnHTaMgenHRtUv)anPab;CamYyKa
eday emQr/ emTTwg. KMlatrvagbNaemRtUv)ankMNt; qgtamkarKNnakMlaMg
rbs;ebtug nig kMlaMgDINamiucedaykarbgab;rMjr.

eBleKobeKeRbIbULg/ ebTTwgedIm,IPab;. edIm,IrkSaBum<eGaynwgkglMnaMsagsg;/

eRbIr)aTb;bBaite)aHcUleTAkgdI. EpkxageRkameCIgBum< CanickalRtUv)andak;
bnH EdlkMNt;BITItaMgrbs;CBaaMgpg/ RBmTaMgrkSaTTwgrbs;Bum<pg.
bNaCBaaMgmankMra:s; d <= 50 cm Bum<RtUv)antMeLIgdUcrUbPaB 8.4a.
krNICBaaMgmankMra:s; d > 50 cm Bum<RtUv)antMeLIgdUcrUbPaB 8.4b
RtUvc,as;las;nigesrPaBCagkrNImun. eBlenHbNaemQr/ emTTwg/ r)abBait
RtUvmaMRKb;kMritmaM edIm,ITb;kMlaMgRBUTTwg Dashing Load).
3> Bum<ssr (Column Formwork)
srebtugsrsmanragCa ctuekaN (Rectangle)/ kaer: (Square)/ BhuekaN
(Polygon)
b mUl (Circle). muneBlcak;ebtugRtUvkarKNnaBum< .
rcnasm<nBum<ssrrYmman bnHbYn b eRcIndak;pbKaedayemeQI. rvagbNa
bnHBum<pMPab;KabegIt)an rUbrageRKOgbgMsMNg; edayeRKageKob (Cang).
KMlatrvageRKageKob RtUvRKb;kMritrwgmaM nig kMra:s;rbs;bnHRtUv)anKNnaTb;
kMlaMgRBUTTwg Dashing Load) . Epk)atssrRtUv)anecaHCaTVartUcedIm,IsMGat.
enAk,alssrRtUv)anecaHedIm,Idak;Bum<Fwm.
eBlKNnaBum<ssr mankMBs;
kNal.

h > 2,5 m

enaHRtUvecaHTVaedIm,Icak;ebtugenA

eRKageKob (Cang) GaceFIVGMBIeQI/ b elah. rUbPaB *>% bgajGMBIRbePTBum<

mYyEdlCYbjwkjab;.
rUbPaB *>% Bum<ssr

a)

!> bnHBum</ @> empM/ #> eRKageKob/

$> TaVrFwm/ %> TVasMGat/ ^> eQIkMNt;TItaMg

b)

!> bnHeQI/ @> empM/ #> eRKageKob

c)

!> eRKageKobelah/ @> run

eRbIR)as;eRKageKob (Cang) elahmaneRcInsNanxusKa rUbPaB 8.5c.
kgkarsagsg;eKeRcIneRbIeRKageKobenH eRBaHvamanKuNsm,tieRcIn/ eRbIvaGac
pas;brmuxkat;ssr/ ruHerI/ tMeLIg.
4> Bum<Fwm nig kMral (Beam and Slab Formwork)

RbBnBum<FwmkMral eRbIedIm,Icak;ebtug bNasMNg;ebtugsuT/ rYmman Fwmem (Main

Beam)/ Fwmrg (Sub Beam)/ nig kMral (Slab)/ ssr (Column).
kartMeLIgrbs;RbBnenHsKsajNas;/ rYmmansmasPaBeRcIn nig lMGittMNr
CamYybegItCaRbBnEtmYy rUbPaB *>^.

rUbPaB *>^ Bum<Fwm nig kMral

a)

Fwm h< 60 cm, b) TVardak;Fwmrg/ c) Fwm h > 60 cm

!> bnHBum<xag/ @> bnHBum<)at/ #> r)akMNt;TItaMg/ $> embBar/

%> r)aRTrrnUt/ ^> bnHBum<kMral/ &> rnUt/ *> cnl;/ r)akg/ !0> emTTwg

rcnasm<nBum<FwmrYmman bnHeQIbI/ belahpMCab;Ka/ kMra:s;rbs;bnHBum<

CaFmtaKW 2/5 sm/ bnH)atRkas;Cag/ Etgyk 3 sm. bnHxagrbs;Bum<xag
EtgecaHeGayehIy edIm,Idak;Fwmrg.
cMeBaHbNaFwmmanTMhMFMCag 60 sm/ eRkABIsmasPaBdUcxagelI enAeRbI
r)aEdkem edIm,ITb;PaBe)a:g.
Bum<kMral RtUv)anbegItedaybnHeQIedayELk pMcUlKabegIt)anCabnHFMmYy/
prbs;vaesInigpbnb;mYy/ TMhMrbs;bnb;FM b tUc edaysarkarKNna b tMrUvkar
eRbIR)as;. bNabnHFMenH RtUv)andak;elIrnUt (Soffit Support joist)/ eFIVGMBIeQI
b elah. eRkamrnUtRtUv)anTb;edaycnl; (Props). KMlatrvagrnUt nig cnl;
RtUvkMNt;edaykarKNna. RbBncnl;enHGaceFIVGMBI b elah. eBlKNnaeday
eQI b edayelah/ edIm,IFanadl;kargarsagsg;gayRsYl/ manGtRbeyaCn_/
RbBncnl; RtUvmankMBs;Gefr. cMeBaHRbBncnl;eQI eRkABItYrERbRbYl)an/
)atcnl;enARtUv)andak;elI esot (Wedges) eQI. cMeBaHcnl;EdkRtUv)andak;kg
exA (Collar) . rUbPaB *>^ KWCarcnasm<nBum<FwmkMralEtgCYb.
rUbPaB *>& bgajBIkartMeLIgRbBnrnUt cnl; RTBum<kMral.
rUbPaB *>& erobcMRbBnrnUt cnl;kMral
a)

viFIdak;rnUtRTbnHkMral/ b) eCIgcnl;

!> bnHBum<kMral / @> rnUt/ #> empM/ $>

bnHBum<Fwm/ %> cnl;GkSr T/ ^> esot/ &>
RTnab;.
eCIgcnl;EdkEtgRtUv)ankl;
(Chock)
edaydUyhRtUlik (Hydraulic Jack ) b
dYymYleLasIu (Screw Jack ). RbBnBum</
cnl;FwmkMralRtUv)anrkSaesrPaBkg
rykalsagsg;. vaRtUvRTr)annUvral;bnk
RKb;RbePT.
cMeBaHkMlaMgRBUlTTwg
ekIteLIgedayxl;/ vtFatuRCalminesI/ b
RtUvrgGRgn;; (Shake)/ eKerobcMdak;bEnm
RbBnemtamTisTaMgBI rUbPaB *>*.
ebIkMBs;rbs;FwmkMralelIs

rUbPaB *>*> RbBnemcnl;. a) cnl;eQ/ b) cnl;Edk

!> bnHkMral/ @> Fwm/ #> ssr/ $ emTTwg/ %> embeNay

edIm,IkarBarPaBekag (Bend)/ PaBe)a:g

(Convexity)/ rbs;RbBncnl; enaHRtUveRbI
RbBnemeRcInfak; edIm,IrkSaesrPaB/ rUbPaB
*>*.
eBlsagsg;GaKareRKOgbgMebtugsrsEdk
(Reinforced Concrete Structucture)/ nig
bNaeragcRkFM (The big Industrial
Structucture)
srsEdkeRbIkgebtug
minEmnCamUl/ b:uEnEdksNan rag.
eBlenHedIm,IRTrcnl;eyIgKYreRbIBum<Br
(Suspended Formwork)/ rUbPaB *>(.

rUbPaB *>(>Bum<BreTAnigsrsEdk
!> bnHBum</ @>embBar/ #> r)a/ $> rnUt/ %> Bum<kMral/
^> bULgBr/ &> Edkrag/ *> Bum<)at/ (> r)a

4> Bum<qas; (Rotated formwork)

Bum<qas;KWCabNaQut (Set) Bum<EkctMeLIgCakMeb/ CabnHKMrUkgeragcRk b eragCag.
eBldak;cUlsagsg;enAkardan kmkrRKan;EtPab;CamYyKaeday kayCarUbragBit
edIm,IeFIVCaBum<cak;ebtug.
eRkayeBlebtugmanPaBrwgmaMRKb;RKan; eyIgedaHecjykeTAsagsg;bNasMNg;
epSgeTot.
kgkarKNnakarkMNt;xatrbs;bnHBum<RtUvBinitemIl sMNUmBrmYycMnYnxageRkam

cMnYntMNrRtUvticbMput/ nig gayRsYl.

minKYrplitbnHmanTMgn;Fn;Cag 70 kg/ eRBaHCamYyTMhMFMCagminGactMeLIg
edayBlkm)an/ b:uEnRtUveRbIynkmedIm,I tMeLIg. CaFmtaeKeRcInplit
bnHBum<manTMgn; 25 - 40 kg sMrab;mYybnH edIm,IgayRsYltMeLIgedayBlkm.
ebItMeLIgedayynkm enaHKWTMgn;rbs;bnHRtUvmanTMgn;RbEhl kMlaMgelIk
rbs;meFa)ayeRbIR)as;.

eBleRbIR)as;Bum<qas;/ kRtUveRbIEtmgRbBnrnUt/ cnl;/ kMral nig meFa)ayclt

eTIbeRbIR)as;Gs;KuNRbeyaCn_. bNabnHBum<RtUv)anplitmanxatdUcxageRkam
rUbPaB *>!0.

rUbPaB *>!0 bnHBum<KMrUedayeQI

bnHBum<RbePT A eRbIedIm,IpMBum<ssr/ Fwm. bnHBum<RbePT B nig C eRbIedIm,IpMkMral
b CBaaMgmanpFM. eQIedIm,IeFIVBum<GacCakugpaek (Plywood)/ eQIbnH (Wooden
Board). cMeBaHelah dUcCaEdk/ eKkcCabnH.

Bum<eFIVGMBIelah GacpliteRcIn
RbePT nig eRcInsNanepSgKa.
GacbNabnH
Rtg;esI
eRbIedIm,IpMCaBum<ssr/ Fwm/ kMral.
tMNrbNabnHrvagKaedaybNakn
ak; GkSr U rUbPaB *>!!
eBlRtUvkarpMBum< edIMm,Icak;ebtug
Shell/ Fr (arch)/ ssrmUl/
(Round Pillar)>>>/ eKplitbNabnH
ragCamuxekag.
elIrUbPaB *>!@
eRbIBum<qas;.

bgajrebob

rUbPaB !@> eRbIR)as;Bum<qas;

a) Bum<RKwH/ b) Bum<ssr/ c) Bum<FwmkMral

rUbPaB *>!! Bum<KMrUeFIVGMBIelah

1> Bum<qas;eFIVGMBIeQI
RtUv)aneRbIkgeragcRkpliteQI/ beragCageQI enAkardan. mYyQutBum<
RbePTenH RtUv)anplitCabnH.
elIrUbPaB *>!@/ bNabnHBum<RbePT A RtUv)aneRbIR)as;KW lMGit !/ nig Bum<RbePT
B RtUv)aneRbIR)as; KW lMGit @/ r)aem # eFIVGMBIsrsEdk/ rn $ GacERbRbYlTMhM.
eBleRbIR)as;RbBnBum<qas; edaHbNaeRKOgpMkan;EtgayRsYltMeLIg. RbBnrnUt/
cnl;tMrUvkark_RtUvgayRsYlruHerI/ begInbnykMBs;)angayRsYl/ edIm,IFanaPaB
qas;Gtibrma. cMeBaHRbBnBum<enHkMritcltticbMput kRtUv)an !% dg.
rUbPaB *>!# bgajGMBIRbBnFwmmandMNkeLIcnl;GacErbRbYlkMBs; edayBwgelI
RbBndUymYl.
KuNsm,tirbs;RbBnenH KWdwkCBangayRsYl/ beNay nig kMBs;ERbRbYl)an/
gayRsYlkgkargarsagsg;/ snSMsMc)an 30 ryeBlruHerI ebIeRbobeTA
nigkareRbIR)as;Bum<buraN.

rUbPaB *>!# cnl; nig FwmdMNkKMrU sMrab;Bum<Fwm nig kMral

2> Bum<qas;eFIVGMBIbnHkugpaek
RtUv)anplitkgeragcRkEkceQI. Bum<Cab;CamYyebtugrelag/ Rtg;. EpkminCab;
ebtug EpkxageRkA manRbBnqwg/ sum edIm,IrkSaPaBrwgmaMeGaybnHBum<.
rUbPaB *>!$.

rUbPaB *> !$ Bum<KMrUeFIVGMBIbnHkugpaek/

a)

Bum<CBaaMg / b) Bum<kMral

eRbIR)as;RbBnBum<kugpaek kgkarsagsg; manKuNsm,tieRcIndUcCa

Rsal/ gayplit/ gaydwkCBan.

gaypM nig ruHerI

kMritclteRcIn/ EteRbI)anBI 25 40 dg.

kdUcCaBum<efr/ RbePTBum<qas;enH eRbIedIm,IpMBum<eGayeRKOgbgMsMNg;TaMgmUl

dUcCa RKwH/ ssr/ CBaaMg/ Fwm/ kMral >>>>. elIrUbPaB *>!% bgajGMBIkartMeLIg
Bum<mYycMnYn.
rUbPaB *>!%b KWCaBum<ssr/ dUcrUbPaB *>!@ b/ eRbIcnl;elah/ b:uEnbNabnHBum<
qas;eFIVGMBIkugpaek/ GaceRbI)ansMrab;Bum<ssrmanTMhMepSgKa.
rUbPaB *>!% c bgajkartMeLIgrbs;RbBnBum<FwmkMraleFIVGMBIbNabnHkugpaek.

rUbPaB *>!% kartMeLIgBum<qas;eFIVGMBI bnHkugpaek

a)
1.

Bum<CBaaMg/ b) Bum<ssr/ c) Bum<FwmkMral/

bnHBum<kMral/ 1. bnHBum<CBaaMg/ 2. bULg/ 3. RTnab;/ 4. r)a/ 5. dMNr/

6.

bnHEdk/ 7. dMNrCBaaMg nig kMral/ 8. tMNrbnHBum<xagnigkMral.

3> Bum<qas;eFIVGMBIelah
EtgeFIVGMBIEdk Fn; dUcenHdwkCBan nig tMeLIgBi)ak. eFIVGMelahFatupSM (alloy)
smRsbbMput sMrab;dwkCBan/ tMeLIg.
bNabnHBum<enH RtUv)anEkcCaragkMNt;/ manTMhMFmtaBI 1/2 1/8 Em:Rt
beNay/ TTwg 30 45 sg;TIEm:Rt/ manRbBnqwgrwg edIm,IrkSaesrPaBeGay
bnH nig dMNr. TMgn;rbs;bnHEtgmanBI 20 40 K>Rk/ CamYyTMgn;enH vagay
RsYlsMrab;dwkCBan nig tMeLIg.
eBlplit/ EpkCab;CamYyebtugRtUv)aneFVIeGayrelag/ EpkxageRkARtUv)anEfm
qwgrwg rUbPaB *>!!.
5> Bum<clt

(Mobile formwork)

Bum<clt KWCaRbePTBum<minedaHecjtamEpknimYy eRkayral;xYbeFIVkargar bu:EnTuk

dEdlclteTAkEngeRbIR)as;rbs;xYbkargarbneTot.
eyageTAnigTisclt eKEckecjCa Bum<clt nig Bum<clteLIgkMBs;. Bum<clt
KWCaBum<clttamTisepk/ vacltBIkMNat;kargarenH eTAkMNat;kargarbneTot.
GaRsyeTAnigviFIclt Bum<clteLIgkMBs;enAEckCaBum<eLIg (Climbed formwork)
nig Bum<rGil (Slipped formwork). Bum<eLIgKWCa Bum< etageTAsMNg;
edIm,IclteLIgkMBs;/ cMENkebIetageTAnigGegIrKWCaBum<Br (Sospended
formwork).

bNaBum<cltTaMgGs;clt)an KWBwgelI]bkrN_BiessmYycMnYn dUcCa dUy (Jack)/

dgelIk (Winch)/ dgsc (Crane) nig bNa]bkrN_ t (Joint)/ Br (Suspend)/
RT (Prop).
RkumBum<clt KWRbePTTMenIbbMput CYydMeNIrkarsagsg;elOn nig )anlTplesdkic
x<s;. b:uEnedIm,I eRbIeGayTUlayRbePTBum<enH TamTarRtUvmansabnKNnaEkcxaMg
nig tMrUvkarTIpSaeRbIR)as;FM enaHeTIb)anlTpl eRBaHtMlvinieyaKdMbUgFM.
1> Bum<rGil (Slipped formwork)
Bum<rGil KWCaRbePTBum< clteLIgkMBs; b:uEnkarcltRtUv)anGnuvtn_bNak;
(Continuous) kglMnaMcak;ebtug.
xusBIBum<qas;/ Bum<rGil KWCaBum<sMerc eRbIedIm,Isagsg;cak;ebtugbNaeRKOgbgM
Qrrbs;sMNg;mYy. bNaeRKOgbgMepk dUcCa kMralxN Fwm nwgRtUv)ansagsg;
edayELk eTAtamlMnaM]sSahkmepSg.

rUbPaB *> !^ a) rcnasm<nBum<rGil/ b) DIya:RkamerobcMdUy

munenHBum<rGil RKan;EteRbIedIm,Isagsg;ebtug bNasMNg;Biess dUcCa sIuL/
bMBg;EpSgeragcRk >>>. fenHBum<rGil RtUv)aneRbITUlay edIm,Isagsg;sMNg;
ebtug bNasMNg;sIuvil. Biess sagsg;GKareRcInCan;mankMBs;x<s;.
rcnasm<nrbs;Bum<rGil RtUv)anbgajkgrUbPaB 8.16a. kMBs;rbs;Bum<rGil
CamFmBI 1,1 1,2 m / Bum<enHBT eRKOgbgMQrTaMgmUlEdlRtUvcak;ebtug
edayBum<rGil rUbPaB 8.16 b. edIm,IbnyPaBkkitrvag ebtug nig Bum</ eKq nig
tMeLIgBum< epgbnicRbEhl 3 100 . sMBaFrbs;)aGrebtug nig

bnksrubekIteLIgkgeeBlsagsg; RtUv)anbBaneTAeRKagdUy @ . eRKagenH

RtUv)andak;XatKaBI 1,5 2,5 m. enARtg;eRKagenHeKdak; dUyhRtUlik &
edIm,IelIkeRKagBum<eLIg. bNadUyhRtUlik dak;Pab;eTAnig eRKagdUy nig
epabeTAnigr)aGkSedayEdk */ r)aGkSdak;elIRKwH nig cab;kgebtug)anrwgkg
!#. muxelIrbs;Bum< eKdak;kMralkargarBIr kg #nig eRkA $. kMralkargar
TaMgBIrenH GaRsykmkr edIreTAmk nig eFIVkargarenATItaMgsagsg; dUcCatMeLIg
srsEdk/ cak;ebtug/ tMeLIgbrikar/ RtYtBinit. kMralkargarTaMgBIrenH RtUv)an
Pab;edaypal; b minpal; eTAnigeRKagdUy. xageRkameRKagdUy dak;kMralkargar
BrBIr %.
RbBnBum<rGilTaMgmUl eLIgbnbnab; kglMnaMsagsg; edayBwgelIRbBndUy
hRtUlik. kMlaMgelIkrbs;dUyhRtUlikmYyBI 3-5t. bNadUyhRtUlikenH
Tajyk bNar)aGkSkgebtug. bNadUytPab;CamYyKaCaCYr nig RtUv)anbBaa
edaysanIy_bBan rbs;ma:sIunbUmkNal.
ma:sIunbUmkNal GacbBan)an *0 -!00 dUy. kgkarsagsg; edIm,IFana
suvtiPaB dac;xateKRKan;EteRbI #0 - $0 dUy.
DIya:Rkamkargarrbs;dUy edIm,IelIkBum<TMlak;eLIg)an bgajenArUbPaB *>!&.
DIya:RkameFIVkargarmYyxYb rbs;dUyGacbgajtam # TItaMg

rUbPaB *>!& DIya:RkameFIVkargarrbs;dUyhRtUlik

TItaMg ! KWCadMNak;kaleRtomcab;epImbUmeRbg.
TItaMg @ dUyRtUv)anelIkeLIg edaysMBaFrbs;eRbg eFobCamYynig TItaMg
! mYykMNat; h.
TItaMg # dUyRtLb;eTATItaMg ! KWCalTplTTYl)an eRkaymYyryeBl
cltrbs;Bum< BITItaMgcab;epIm rhUtdl; bBab;. cMgay h dUyrGil
cMNayeBlBI !00 - !%0 vinaTI. ryeBlenHehAfa ryeBlmYyxYb
eFIVskmPaBrbs;dUy (t ) rYmman
c

(tp)

ryeBlbUmeRbgcUldUy #0 - $% vinaTI/

(tg)

ryeBlcltBum< ^% - (0 vinaTI/

(ti)

ryeBlbndUymkTItaMgedIm % - !% vinaTI/

lMnaMelIkBum<rGil GacelIkcuHelIkeLIg kgcenaHeBl %-#0 naTI.

mannyfa GacGnuvtn_)an !@ - @0 dg kgmYyema:g.
dUcenHkgmYyf Bum<rGilGacelIkeLIg)an @/% - # Em:Rt kMBs;GKar.
bNar)aGkSEdkmYycMnYn TTYlbnkTaMgGs; rbs;Bum</ kMralkargar/
brikar nig sMPar bBancuHeTARKwHsMNg;.
bNar)aGkSEdkEtgmanGgt;pwtBI @% - #@ mm/ RbEvgrbs;r)animYyBI
$ -% m. eBlsagsg;mankMBs;FMCag enaHeKRtUvtKaedaypSar b eday
exA. bNar)aEdkenH GacCar)aEdkrgkMlaMgrbs;sMNg;. ebIKNnaminCa
EdkrgkMlaMgkgebtug enaHeyIgGaceRbIbMBg;Cr eRsabr)aGkSEdkman
Ggt;pwtFMCagBI #-% mm edIm,Iykr)aEdkecjeBlsagsg;cb;.
]bkrN_eRbIedIm,IRtYtBinit Bum<rGilkglMnaMsagsg; KWCabMBg; (WaterLevel) ExSRbeyal (Plumb) (/ ebIlkxNGnuBaat/ eyIgKYreRbIma:sIun
(Water-Level) nig ma:sIun vas;sg; edIm,IRtYtBinit.
]bkrN_RtYtBinitkMritepk eday ( dak;Cab;eTAnigBum< edIm,Itamdan
kMritepkCab;lab;.
rUbPaB 8.18a, b, c KWCakarerobcMRbBnRtYtBinit/ tamdankMritepk/
Qrrbs;Bum<rGil kglMnaMsagsg;sMNg;sIuvil nig ]sSahkm. TItaMgdak;
]bkrN_RtYtBinit RtUvkMNt;eGaysmRsb/ karRtYtBinitRtUvGnuvtn_
Cab;Canic edIm,IeCosvagPaBlMeGog bgreRKaHfak;.

rUbPaB *>!* erobcMRbBnRtYtBinit

tMeLIgBum<rGil
kartMeLIgBum<rGil GacrYmmanlMnaMdUcxageRkam
eRkayeBlsagsg;RKwHsMNg;cb; eyIgGnuvtn_tMeLigBum<. lMdab;erog
tMeLIgrGil GacemIlkg]TahrN_ tMeLIgBum<rGilsagsg;lMenAdan
eRcInCan;dUcxageRkamenH
dMbUgtMeLIgBum<Epkxagkg bnb;mYycMnYnrUbPaB 8.19a. eRkayeBl
dak;cb;srsEdk nig brikarcaM)ac; eKGnuvtn_tMeLIgBum<eRkA rUbPaB
8.19b. eKk_dUcKaEdr edIm,ItMeLIgeGayRkum sIuL rUbPaB 8.20.
eRkayeBltMeLIgBum<cb;sBVRKb;/ kMNt;bNabnHedaybULg/ nig tMeLIg
bNabrikarRtYtBinit.

rUbPaB *>!( lMdab;erobtMeLIgBum<rGil sagsg;GKareRcInCan;

a)

tMeLIgdMNak;kal !/ b) tMeLIgdMNak;kal @/

rUbPaB *>@0 lMdab;erobtMeLIgBum<rGil sagsg;sIuL

a)

rUbPaB

tMeLIgdMNak;kal !/ b) tMeLIgdMNak;kal @/

ENnaMRbBnBum<rGilmYy Edl)antMeLIgrYcral;. rUbPaB

8.21b, c, d KWCalMdab;erogedaHBum<rGileRkayeBlsagsg;cb;.
8.21a

eRkayeBlelIkGs;kMBs;rbs;sMNg; eKeGayRbBnBum<rGil x<s;Cagssr

rbs;sMNg;BI 0/% - 0/^ m . eRkaymkedaHbeNIr edaydgsc.

rUbPaB *>@! lMdab;edaHBum<rGil

eRbIBum<eQIGacclt)anBI !0 - @0 elIk sMrab;sMNg;RbePTEtmYy.
ebIRbePTBum<enHEdr bu:EnCaelahvij GacbegIn)anrhUtdl; !00 - !@0
elIk.
2> Bum<eLIg

(Climbed formwork)

eBlcak;ebtug bNafak;CBaaMg/ fak;LaMgtU Cajwkjab;eKeRbIBum<eLIg. eBlcak;

ebtug)anmYykMNat;NaenaH/ ebtug)anRKb;kMritrwgmaM GnuBaatedaHBum</ eKclt
paMgBum<enaHeLIgeTAkMNat;epSgeTot.

rcnasm<nbNapaMgBum<eLIg pas;brya:gBiess/ GacCa ! dl; # CYr. kMBs;rbs;

CYrnimYyBI 0/^ - !/@ m/ bNaCYrnimYyPab;Ka eTAnig eRKOgbgMrgkMlaMg)an.
rUbPaB *>@@ bgajnUvvIFIcltrbs; TMrg;eLIg (Climbed form).
rUbPaB 8.22a KWCa Bum<eLIg eRbIBIrCYrTMrg;. bNaCYrTaMgenH CanickalPab;eTAkg
dMuebtug.
rUbPaB 8.22b KWCa Bum<eLIg eRbImYyCYrTMrg;. eBlebtugRKb;kMritrwgmaM
Bum<RtUv)anedaHecj nig elIkeLIgkMNat;elIbneTot.

rUbPaB *>@@ Bum<eLIg

3> Bum<Br (Suspended formwork)
Bum<BrrYmmansmasPaBxageRkam rUbPaB *>@#

Bum<muxkgnigeRkA eFIVGMBIelah !/ kMras;bnHelah FmtaBI @-# mm/

eRbIsMrab;cak;ebtug.
RbBnkMralelI nig eRkam @. RbBnkMralelIeRbIedIm,Idak;sMParnig
mnusSedIreFIVkargar/ RbBnkMraleRkameRbIsMrab;kargarbBab;nigRtYtBinit.

RbBnBum<TaMgmUl/ cegIrRtUv)anBreTAGkSpwt # edayExSnigtMN $.

bnHBum<EdkbnH/ pSar (Weld) CamYyRbBnqwgEdkEkg. eBlsagsg;bNasMNg;

manmuxkat;mUl ERbRbYldUcCa bMBg;EpSg (Chimney)/ rcnasm<nbNabnHBum<
RtUvERbRbYltam. edIm,IgayRsYleyIgGaceRCIserIsBIrRbePT ragkaer nig
ctuekaNBaypbcUlKa rUbPaB 8.24a. vaGnuBaateGayeyIgbegItBum<
sMrab;eRKOgbgMmanmuxTTwgERbRbYl. bNaBum<eRkAPab;CamYyKa RtUvmanEdk
eKal edIm,IrkSaeGayBum<minpHecj Burst. edaymUlehtun sMBaFkat;TTwg
rUbPaB 8.24b.

rUbPaB *>@# RbBnBum<Br

!> bnHBum</ @> kMralkargar/ #> GkS/ $> RbBnExSmantMNexA
4> Bum<cltepk (Horizontal Mobile Formwork

eBlsagsg;sMNg; dUcCa pveRkamdI (Tunnel/ dMbUlpSa (Roof of Market /

FmtaeKeRbIBum<cltepk. Bum<TaMgenHRtUv)anerobcM elIRbBnpvEdk b kg;.
karcltRBwgelI dgTaj (Capstan) b dUy (Jack.
edIm,IeRbIR)as;RbePTBum<enH sMNg;RtUvEvg/ kMNat;rbs;eRKOgbgM lkNCaxYb.
cMeBaHBum<CBaaMg smmUlnigmYykMNat;sMNg;> elIrUbPaB *>@%/ *>@^/ *>@&
K
W
C
a
]
T
a
h
r
N_ sMrab;Bum<enH.

rUbPaB *>@$ kartMeLIgbNabnHBum< eFIVCaragekag

sMrab;eRKOgbgMmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl.
!> bnHBum<Edk/ @> emEdk/ #> bULg Bolt

RbBndUy

kg;
rUbPaB *>@% Bum<cltepk edIm,Icak;ebtugCBaaMgeRkamdI/ CBaaMg
eKcak;ebtugCBaaMgnigLaMtUkgeBlEtmYy. kgkrNIsagsg;pveRkamdI eKeRcIn
sagsg;)atmun/ cMENkKMrb Bidan nig CBaaMg sagsg;eRkaykgeBlEtmYy.
kgkrNIenH ebtugcak;cUlBum<tamTisepk. eKEtgeRbIma:sIunbUmebtugCamYynig
sMBaFx<s;.

eBlcg;cltBum<eTATItaMgbneTot/ eKsMrutdUy * nig bnrexA &/ Bum<nig

pac;ecj eRkaymkeRbIdgTajTajmkkEngfI.
sumTb;Bum<eRkA
snak;bgVil
dUy

rUbPaB *>@^ Bum<cltepk edIm,Icak;ebtugpveRkamdI

rUbPaB *>@& Bum<cltepk edIm,Icak;ebtugpveRkamdImUl

!> ebtug)at/ @> bnHBum<Edk eQI/ #> RTnab;eQI/ $> qwg/ %> r/ ^> sum/ &> exA/
*> dUy/ (> snak;.
6> Bum<Biess (Special Formwork
1> Bum<mux Side Formwork
enHCaRbePTBum<ya:grwg. eRkayeBlsagsg;/ RbePTBum<enH RtUv)anTukrkSa
edIm,IeFIVCamuxrbs;eRKOgbgM/ vaGacrg)an bNabnkkgeBlsagsg; nig
bnksgt;/ bnkrmYl rbs;eRKOgbgM. rcnasm<nRbePTBum<enH GacCaebtug
srsEdk b Caelah. eRbIenAsMNg;BiessmYycMnYn/ ]TahrN_ dUcCa
sMNg;karBarkMedA/ Tb;Tl;viTskm (Radio - Active >>>.
ebIBum<muxCaebtugsrsEdk enaHrcnasm<ndUcrUbPaB *>@*. muxeRkAEdl)an
bBab;TukedIm,I eFIVCamuxeRKOgbgM/ muxkgmanbeNaHEdk nig redbrdub (Rough
edIm,IxaMCamYy ebtugrbs;eRKOgbgMEdlnwgcak;.

muxBum<)anbBab;

rUbPaB *>@* Bum<muxebtugsrsEdk

!> TMBk; / @> muxkg/ #> muxeRkA
2> Bum<ekAsU (Elastic Formwork
kug]sSahkmsMNg;rIkcMerInmkdl;fenH/ Bum<ekAsU RtUv)aneRbITUlMTUlay
elIBiPBelak/ enaHKWbNasnwkekAsU edIm,Icak;ebtug.
manRbeTsCaeRcIn )aneRbIRbePTBum<enH edIm,Icak;ebtug bNabMBg;sMBaFx<s;
naMeRbg/ xl;/ b sg;bNaeRKOgbgM sMbkesIg.
]TahrN_ cg;sagsg;FrmYyedayBum<ekAsU/ eKGnuvtn_dUcxageRkam rUbPaB *>@(

dMNak;kalTI 1 CIkRKwH nig Rblay edIm,Idak;brikarbUmxl;.

dMNak;kalTI 2 tMeLIgBum<ekAsUcUlTItaMg.

dMNak;kalTI 3 cak;ebtugcUlkgBum<.

dMNak;kalTI 4 bUmxl;cUl edIm,IBRgwgBum< nig cak;ebtugbneTot.

dMNak;kalTI 5 rkSaBum<edIm,Iebtugrwg.

dMNak;kalTI 6 edaHBum<ecj.

eRbIRbePTBum<ekAsU snSMsMc. GaceRbIR)as;)aneRcInelIk BI 100 200

elIk.
3> Bum<sMbk nig Fr (Shell and arch Formwork
eBlcak;ebtug sMbk/ Fr k_RtUvRsavRCav Ekc bNaBum<smRsb edIm,Isagsg;.
eRBaHenH CaeRKOgbgMsKsaj/ ebIminRsavRCavbNaviFIsaRssagsg;RKb;RKan;
enaH vanignaMdl;karxatbg;sMPareFIVBum<eRcInNas;. edayELk minFana)an
suvtiPaB eGayEpkeRKOgbgM nig esaPNPaB.

ma:sIunsgt;xl;
Bum<ekAsU
ebtug
ebtugsMbuk
Bum<ekAsU

rUbPaB *>@( lMnaM]sSahkmsagsg;sMbkesIgedayBum<ekAsU

cMeBaHbNasMNg;sMbk/ Fr EvgdUcCa dMbUlpSa/ enaHKWRtUvKNnaRbBnBum<clt

)an enAelIr rUbPaB *>#0. karcltBum<enH RtUvBwgbNabrikarBiess dUcCa
dU
y
/
d
g
Ta
j
.
rUbPaB *>#0 Bum<muxsagsg;sMbkEvg
!> bnHBum< / @> TRmr/ #> r
\LvenH ENnaMGMBIBum<EdlmanragxagelIenH
rUbPaB *>#! KWCaRbBnBum<RsedogKa eRbIedIm,Icak;ebtugdMbUl sMNg;eragcRk
eRcInkMNat; ragCasMbk. Bum<enH RtUv)antMeLIgelIRbBncltmYy dUcCarfyn.
eKTajvaBIkMNat;enHeTAkMNat;bneTot edIm,Icak;ebtugdMbUlragCaFr.

rUbPaB *>#!
Bum<cltsagsg;dMbUleragcRkragCasMbk
cMeBaHragCaFrFM/ dMbUlFM/ kMBs;x<s;/ edIm,IKNnaBum<enHsmRsb/ enaHRtUv
Eckecj CaBIrsNan CaFr nig Rtg; rUbPaB *>#@.

rUbPaB *>#@ Bum<sMbk

!> bnHBum</ @> r)a/ #> bULg/ $> cnl;/ %> cnl;bBait/
^> em/ &> RbBnbnwg/ bny/ *> FwmeQI/ (> emeNay/ !0> FwmRTr.
7> cnl; nig kMralkargarkgkarsagsg;sMNg;ebtugcak;enAnigkEng
cnl; nig kMralkargarkgkarsagsg;sMNg;ebtugcak;enAkEngTaMgmUl RtUvEtman
esrPaB. cnl; nig kMralkargarRtUveRbI)aneRcIndg/ Tmak; nig elIk)angayRsYl/
caM)ac;RtUvmansuvtiPaBkglMnaMsagsg;.
cnl; nig kMralkargarGaceFIVGM bJsSI/ eQI/ elah. ebIykbJsSIeFIVCaBum<
RtUvykbJsSIcas;/ ebIeQIRtUvykeQIr)a b eQIedIm. Ggt;pitrbs;bJsSIelIs ^ sm
nig eQIRtUvya:gticbMput *-!@ sm.
1> cnl;Bum< nig kMralkargar
rcnasm<nrbs;cnl;rYmmansmasPaBsMxan; # )at/ tY/ Tl;.

)atcnl;KWCasmasPaBbBanbnkpal;bBaHeTAdI/ b kMral.
rcnasm<nrbs;)at KWRtUvERbRbYl)ankMBs;rbs;cnl;. vaGaceFIVGMBIesteQI
(Wooden Wedge)/ rUbPaB *>##. eFIVGMBIesteQIpb rUbPaB *>#$
beday RbGb;xSac; rUbPaB *> #%.

rUbPaB *>## )atRTresteQI

!-esteQI/ @- bULg b EdkeKal

rUbPaB *>#$ )atRTresteQIpb

!- esteQI/ @- bULg/ #- exA

CamYycnl;Edk eKGaceFIV)atcnl;GMBI exAmYl

*>#^.

(Screw Jack)

rUbPaB *>#% )atRTrRbGb;xSac;

!-bULg/ @- RbGb;Edkdak;xSac;/ #- EdkEkg/
$-bNHeQI/ %- eQI/ ^- p)atcnl;.
cMeBaHcegIrEdk eKGaceFIV)atRTredays<W rUbPaB *>#^.

/ rUbPaB

rUbPaB *>#^

)atRTredays<W
tYrbs;cnl;eFIVGMBIbJsSI nig eQI eKeRbIkMBs;tamkarKNnaTaMgmUl. cMENk
cMeBaH cnl;Edk tMrUvkareRbI)aneRcIndg sMrab;eRKOgbgMsMNg;epSgKa/
eKeRcIn KNnaCakMNat;/ tPab;CamYyKa.
manRbePTcnl;eFIVGMBIEdk

RtUv)anKNnatamedaybMBg;

dak;bBalCamYyKa. elIxnbMBugmanecaHrun/ eBltPab;Ka rUbPaB *>#&.

cnl;Edk
a)

rUbPaB *>#& cnl;elah

cnl;tPab;tamkMNat;/ b) cnl;bMBg;BIr/ c) ]bkrN_tMNr

kg

!-k,alcnl;/ @-tYcnl;/ #-Rcva:k;rkSaknas;/ $-kg/ %-s<W

2> kMralkargar/ kgkarsagsg;sMNg;ebtug nig kgkargarbBab; knas;
kgkargarsagsg;sMNg;/ eKRtUvkarNas;dl;bMerIkargareLIgkMBs;.
cegIrkargarmaneRcInRbePT/ RbePTgayRsYl EteRbIcegIrbJsSI/ eQI. rcnasm<n
Fmta/ minsutiPaB/ BiesseBlsg;RbePTsMNg;x<s;.
bcb,nenH kgkargarsagsg; eyIgEtgeRbIcegIreFIVGMBIEdk EdkbMBug/
bEdksNan (Scaffoding)/ EdkbMBug RtUv)aneRbIeRcInbMput/ Rsal/ gaytPab;
bMBugeRkA
bMBugkg
nig suvtiPaB. cegIrEdksNaneRbIR)as;tictYcNas;.
rcnasm<nkMralkargarrYmmansmasPaBxageRkam

eRKagQr rUbPaB *>#*

rUbPaB *>#* eRKagQrcegIrEdk

!-emQr/ @-Rtecokcgsm<nr)aem/ #-emepk

r)aem rUbPaB *>#( EtgeFIVGMBIEdkTIbmUl- EdkEkgRbePTtUc.

rvagr)aem
eKdak;knas;Pab;KagayRsYlkgkargardwkCBan.
RbEvgrbs;r)a RbmaN 2200 mm 2400 mm.

rUbPaB *>#( r)aemrbs;cegIrEdk

!-r)aEdkTIbmUl bEdkEkg/ @-run TMBk; #-snak;bgVil

eRKagepk rUbPaB *>$0 GaceFIVGMBIEdkTIbmUl/ b EdkEkg/

enAedImsgag
eFIVCaeRscTMBk;edIm,Icgsm<neRKagQr
2.
eRkayeBlcgsm<neRKagQr
TaMgBIr
edayr)aembBait/
eKtMeLIgbneTotRbBneRKagepk/ edIm,ItMeLIg kMralkargar.

rUbPaB *>$0 eRKagepkcegIrEdk

!-r)abeNay/ @-r)aTTwg/ #-TMBk;

kMralkargar/ kEngkmkreFIVkargar nig dak;sMPar EtgRtUv)antMeLIgelI

eRKagepk. edIm,IgayRsYlCBancab;tMeLIg/ kMralkargarEtgeFIVGMBIbnH
tUc TMhM 500 KuN 1800 mm. dUcenHelIeRKagepkRtUv)andak;bnHBIr.

bNabnHtUcTaMgenH/ suTEtmanTMBk; sMrab;cgsm<n. rvagbnHTaMgBI

enARtUvmanExS edIm,IcgPab;Ka begIt)anCabnHFMEtmYy rUbPaB #>$!.
ExS

rUbPaB *>$! kMralkargarrbs;cegIrEdk

!-kMral/ @-TMBk;/ #-ExS

krNIRbBncegIr maneRcInfak; enaHRtUvKNnaRbBnCeNIr edIm,Ikmkr

eLIgcuH.

eBlsagsg;ebtugcak;enAkEng/ eFIVssr/ FwmkMral/ edIm,IsnSMsMc brimaN

eQIeFIVrnUtRTrBum</ eKGaceRbIRbBnFwmbRgYm (Constriction Beam).
FwmbRgYm
(Constriction Beam) KWCaFwm
GacERbRbYlRbEvg
eFIVGMBIelah. eBleFIVeKCaeRcInkMNat; tPab;CamYyKa edayknas; (Pin)/ b
Knws (Key). bNaFwmbRgYm (Constriction Beam) rYmmanBIrRbePT
rUbPaB *>$@ RbePTFwmkg nig RbePTFwmeRkA. RbEvgrbs;kMNat;FwmeRkA
2/2 2/5 m/ kMNat;Fwmkg 2/5 3/0 m rUbPaB *>$#.

rUbPaB *>$@ RbBnFwmbRgYm

a)

FwmeRkA/ b) Fwmkg/ c) FwmBIrPab;Ka

GaRsyeTAtamRbEvgsMNUmBr eyIgGactPab; BIr b bI kMNat;CamYyKa.

sm<n rUb A + B sMrab;RbEvg 3-4/5 m rUbPaB *>$@. kgkargarsagsg;
ebIRtUvkarRbEvgEvgCag eyIgGaccgsm<n rUb A + B + C eyIg)anBI 4-6 m.

rUbPaB *>$# FwmbRgYmman bIkMNat;