Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 32 views

    Topics:: Structural Geology in

    Uploaded by

    sm
    This document discusses structural geology and its importance in petroleum exploration. It outlines key topics like petroleum systems, traps, exploration methods including seismic imaging, and provides an example of the Maui oil field. Structural traps are the most common type of traps for oil accumulation. Seismic reflection imaging allows exploration of subsurface structures to identify potential traps. Salt tectonics also creates unique structural traps as salt domes and diapirs can pierce overlying sediments due to its lower density.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Topics:: Structural Geology in

    Uploaded by

    sm
    32 views8 pages
    This document discusses structural geology and its importance in petroleum exploration. It outlines key topics like petroleum systems, traps, exploration methods including seismic imaging, and provides an example of the Maui oil field. Structural traps are the most common type of traps for oil accumulation. Seismic reflection imaging allows exploration of subsurface structures to identify potential traps. Salt tectonics also creates unique structural traps as salt domes and diapirs can pierce overlying sediments due to its lower density.

    Original Description:

    petro

    Original Title

    Petro

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses structural geology and its importance in petroleum exploration. It outlines key topics like petroleum systems, traps, exploration methods including seismic imaging, and provides an example of the Maui oil field. Structural traps are the most common type of traps for oil accumulation. Seismic reflection imaging allows exploration of subsurface structures to identify potential traps. Salt tectonics also creates unique structural traps as salt domes and diapirs can pierce overlying sediments due to its lower density.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    32 views8 pages

    Topics:: Structural Geology in

    Uploaded by

    sm
    This document discusses structural geology and its importance in petroleum exploration. It outlines key topics like petroleum systems, traps, exploration methods including seismic imaging, and provides an example of the Maui oil field. Structural traps are the most common type of traps for oil accumulation. Seismic reflection imaging allows exploration of subsurface structures to identify potential traps. Salt tectonics also creates unique structural traps as salt domes and diapirs can pierce overlying sediments due to its lower density.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Topics:

    Petroleum System
    Traps
    Exploration Methods (seismic)
    Maui Field Example
    Salt Tectonics

    Structural Geology in

    Petroleum Exploration

    Reading:

    Oil Exploration Strategy:


    Find

    the Traps

    Most common traps are structures

    1. Outline in website
    2. Pdf file: Geology for Petroleum Exploration, Drilling, and
    Production by Norman J. Hyne, 1984, pages 173-197.

    Origin of Petroleum
    Oil

    forms from the decay and


    transformation of dead organisms buried in
    sedimentary rocks

    So exploration often targets the structures in

    hopes of finding oil

    Major
    Hydrocarbon
    Provinces in
    North
    America

    Factors required to make an Oil


    deposit
    Source
    Burial

    rock- rich in organic matter

    heating- > maturation


    rock- porous and permeable

    Reservoir
    Trap-

    structural

    trap
    trap

    stratigraphic

    Sedimentary Basins

    Petroleum system

    Source Rocks
    Black

    organic-rich marine shales

    Organic

    matter is preserved low-oxygen


    water
    Restricted marine basins and zones were
    water rises from the deep

    Maturation of Organic Matter


    Organic

    matter in sediments is solid (kerogen)


    At about 60o C transformation begins
    Liquid hydrocarbons begin to form
    At 120o C gas begins to form
    At 140o C organic matter is exhausted
    Only gas forms at higher T

    Migration of oil
    Oil

    is less dense than water


    will move up by buoyancy
    Oil needs a permeable bed to move
    It will stop when it reaches an impermeable bed
    Oil

    Migration

    Eastern
    Venezuela

    Western
    Canada
    Impermeable

    Porosity

    Oil traps
    Permeable

    bed

    reservoir

    seal

    Fault
    Traps
    Structural
    Traps

    Stratigraphic Traps

    Map of the
    Murre Field
    Newfoundland

    Salt Traps

    Trap Types

    Positive Flower Structures

    Compressional Traps

    How to image the subsurface?


    Drilling
    Structural
    Seismic

    Traps in Strike-Slip settings

    Interpretation
    Reflection Imaging

    Send sound into the rock, and collect the


    echoes

    3D Seismic Image

    Seismic Acquisition

    Salt

    3D Geological Model
    Gulf of
    Mexico
    Salt

    Maui Field, New


    Zealand

    Offshore Platform
    Salt moves driven by buoyancy
    Salt density= 2 g/ cm3
    Salt undergoes no compaction
    Shale Density is initially 40% water
    Initial Density = 1.8 g/ cm3
    Water expelled during compaction
    Final Density = 2.4 g/ cm3

    Sandbox Experiment
    Relationship between diapirism and normal faulting

    Sequential Stages
    of a Salt Diapir

    Seismic Image of a Salt Dome

    3D Seismic Interpretation of Salt


    Structures

    Extension Above Salt Diapir

    Syn-sedimentary Salt Movement

    You might also like