Pyc1501 PDF
Pyc1501 PDF
Pyc1501 PDF
PYC1501
Semesters 1 and 2
Department of Psychology
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
This tutorial letter contains important information
about your module.
Open Rubric
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1
Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2
Outcomes ..................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1
Lecturers....................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2
Department ................................................................................................................................... 4
3.3
University ...................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
myUnisa........................................................................................................................................6
5.3
5.4
ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................... 11
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.3
8.4
Assignments ............................................................................................................................... 14
10
EXAMINATION ........................................................................................................................... 42
11
12
13
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................ 43
14
ADDENDUM ............................................................................................................................... 43
15
15.1
PYC1501/101
15.2
15.3
INTRODUCTION
Dear Student
Welcome to the module Basic Psychology (PYC1501). We hope you will enjoy studying the topics we
offer here, and we hope you will find the information useful. Please do not hesitate to let us know what
you like and what you do not like about this module. We need your input to improve the subject material
we offer to our students.
Please note / important notes:
Read this tutorial letter first. It contains the compulsory assignments.
When you register, you receive an Inventory letter containing information about your tutorial matter.
More details are contained in the document entitled my Studies @ Unisa which you receive with your
tutorial matter. Tutorial matter that is not available when you register will be posted to you as soon as
possible, but is also available on myUnisa.
The Despatch department should supply you with the following study material for this module:
Apart from the tutorial letters mentioned above, you will receive other tutorial letters during the semester.
These will be despatched to you as soon as they are available or needed (for instance for
feedback on assignments).
This tutorial letter deals with the work covered in the module PYC1501. We urge you to read it carefully
and to keep it at hand when working through the study material, preparing for the assignments,
preparing for the examination and addressing questions to your lecturers. In this tutorial letter you will
find the assignments as well as instructions on the preparation and submission of the assignments. This
tutorial letter also provides all the information you need with regard to the prescribed study material and
other resources and how to obtain it. Please study this information carefully and make sure that you
obtain the prescribed material as soon as possible.
We have also included certain general and administrative information about this module. Please study
this section of the tutorial letter carefully. Right from the start we would like to point out that you must
read all the tutorial letters you receive during the semester immediately and carefully, as they always
contain important and sometimes, urgent information.
We hope that you will enjoy this module and wish you all the best!
The Teaching Team
2.1
Purpose
Students who complete the module can demonstrate introductory knowledge about a variety of topics
from the intrapersonal and health domains of Psychology, and assess the acquisition, presentation and
application of psychological knowledge for selected purposes. The knowledge, skills and values required
for successful completion of the module are fundamental to further studies in Psychology.
2.2
Outcomes
3.1
Lecturers
3.2
Department
You can contact the teaching team for Basic Psychology per telephone, letter, fax, and by e-mail. We
handle three different kinds of enquiries about Basic Psychology. As the different kinds of enquiries are
handled in different ways, it is important that you decide before you contact us which category your
enquiry belongs to. The categories are:
Three
categories of
enquiries
Category A:
Category B:
Category C:
PYC1501/101
By telephone
You can phone the University between 08:00 and 16:00 on weekdays. The contact
numbers are as follows:
Category A, B and C enquiries: Ms Thandeka Thwala (012) 429 - 8216
By e-mail
You can contact the teaching team for Basic Psychology on the following e-mail
addresses:
Category A, B and C enquiries: Ms Thandeka Thwala: [email protected]
When you submit an e-mail letter please write one of the following codes in the
subject line space of your e-mail:
PYC1501+Category+A or PYC1501+Category+B or PYC1501+Category+C
The subject line code is used to route your e-mail to the proper folder for quick
attention.
By fax
By letter
3.3
University
If you need to contact the University about matters not related to the content of this module, please
consult the publication my Studies @ Unisa that you received with your study material. This booklet
contains information on how to contact the University (e.g. to whom you can write for different queries,
important telephone and fax numbers, addresses and details of the times certain facilities are open).
Always have your student number at hand when you contact the University.
MODULE-RELATED RESOURCES
4.1
Prescribed books
There is only one prescribed textbook for this module that you have to buy. The textbook is also
prescribed for another module in psychology, namely Psychology in Society (PYC1502).
The prescribed textbook is: Van Deventer, V., and Mojapelo-Batka, M. (2013). A students A-Z of
4.2
Recommended books
4.3
For information on the various student support systems and services available at Unisa (e.g. student
counselling, tutorial classes, language support), please consult the publication my Studies @ Unisa,
which you received with your study material.
5.1
Study groups: It is advisable to have contact with fellow students. One way to do this is to form study
groups. The addresses of students in your area may be obtained from the following department:
Directorate: Student Administration and Registration
P O Box 392
UNISA
0003
5.2
myUnisa
If you have access to a computer that is linked to the internet, you can quickly access resources and
information at the University. The myUnisa system is Unisas online campus that will help you
communicate with other students, your lecturers and the administrative departments of the University.
To go to the myUnisa website, start at the main Unisa website, http://www.unisa.ac.za and then click on
the Login to myUnisa link on the right-hand side of the screen. This should take you to myUnisa
website. You can also go there directly by typing in http://my.unisa.ac.za. Please consult the publication
my Studies @ Unisa which you received with you study material for more information on myUnisa.
5.3
Discussion Classes
If discussion classes are arranged for this module, you will receive a separate tutorial letter with the
relevant information soon after registration.
5.4
Tutorial classes
UNISA is committed to supporting you in your studies. E-tutors have been appointed to assist you to
achieve your educational goals. This module is one of those which have e-tutors available. The e-tutors
will provide online support and guidance on the myUnisa portal. Please interact actively and participate
on the tutor site as this has the dual function of providing tutorial guidance and opportunities for you to
engage meaningfully with fellow students. Activate your myLife account to make use of this added
advantage. Face-to-face tutorial classes are not offered.
PYC1501/101
Refer to my Studies @ Unisa brochure for general time management and planning skills.
Module Name
Basic Psychology
Module Code
PYC1501
A-Z
SG
LO
Learning
Task
Time (hours)
Opportunity
LO SEC.A-HCW
LO SEC.A-RIG
12
LO SEC.A-CFS
12
LO SEC.A-PPR
12
LO SEC.A-DPP
24
LO SEC.A-POP
55
You always start with learning opportunities for application of psychological knowledge. In other words,
you always begin with learning opportunities from the Study Guide Section A. These learning
opportunities refer you to relevant resource material and also to learning opportunities in the Study
Guide Section B for exploring the required resource material. The first learning opportunity you should
study is learning opportunity SEC.A-HCW from the Study Guide. This learning opportunity shows you
how the module works.
Resource
A-Z
Learner
Application
(Section A)
Knowledge
(Section B)
Resource
Material
Learning
opportunity
Learning
opportunity
Resource
Material
Learning
Opportunity
Learning
opportunity
Resource
Material
Learning
opportunity
Learning
opportunity
Resource
Material
Begin your
studies here
Learning opportunity
LO SEC.A-HCW
in the Study Guide
Module components
The module that you are about to study is called Basic Psychology. The module has a unique module
identifier. The module identifier for Basic Psychology is PYC1501. You will notice that modules
presented by the Department of Psychology start with the letters PYC. First-year level modules are
numbered in the 100 series. Thus module identifiers for first-year level modules in psychology begin with
PYC1. Modules presented during the second-year level of study are numbered in the 200 series.
Therefore the module identifiers for second-year level modules begin with PYC2, and the third-year level
modules begin with PYC3.
The module has three main components
1. The administrative component
2. The assessment component and
3. The instructional component
PYC1501/101
The administrative and assessment components of the module consist of:
This tutorial letter explains administrative processes and procedures important for
studying the module. It also contains assignments 01, 02 and 91 as well as the
examination preparation (assignment 92 or self-test).
This tutorial letter contains the answers and further feedback discussion on
assignment 01.
This tutorial letter contains the answers and further feedback on assignment 02,
and the self-test. It also contains information on exam preparation.
The module learning method is the process that the learner should follow to achieve
the module outcomes. The learning process is guided by the idea that learning
happens in a more efficient and effective way if information is studied for the
purpose of practical application. One learns best if knowledge is selected and
applied in particular situations. One should not sit with the prescribed textbook for
hours trying to learn one chapter after another without a particular goal in mind
because this is not how people learn in real life. In real life people learn new things
because they need to know those things in order to do something.
Learning
opportunities
in the Study
Guide-Section A
Learning
opportunities
in the Study
Guide-Section B
Outcome
products
Methods
Tasks
Activities
Every learning opportunity has an outcome product and a method of producing the
outcome product. The production method is divided into one or more tasks, each
consisting of one or more activities. Activities tell the learners what to do, and in
some cases they provide feedback to allow the learners to collaborate their own
answers. It is a good idea to execute an activity before consulting the feedback (if
provided) because this approach promotes active learning. It is a very bad idea not
to do these activities and to simply try to memorise the feedback because doing so
promotes passive learning. Learners who try to learn passively will not be able to
achieve the competency level required to pass the module examination.
Title
The title is a short heading indicating the meaning and/or content of the learning
opportunity.
Unique
identifier
The learning opportunitys unique identifier enables the learner to locate the
learning opportunity. The first part of the learning opportunitys identifier is the
section of the Study Guide in which the learning opportunity appears. The second
part is a unique combination of three letters. Learning opportunities in Section A of
the Study Guide PYC1501 are arranged alphabetically, in the sequence required
by the study programme. The letter combination determines the alphabetical
order. For example, LO SEC.A-HCW comes before LO SEC.A-POP in Section A
of the Study Guide PYC1501. Note: LO is the abbreviation for the term, learning
opportunity.
10
PYC1501/101
Outcome
product
definition
The outcome product definition of the learning opportunity has the following
components:
a description that indicates the expected outcome of the learning efforts
a standard that indicates the minimum standards that the outcome product
must comply with and,
assessment criteria that indicate what the learner has to do to prove his/her
competency with regard to the outcome product.
Method
definition
CONTENT
Learning opportunities for the application of psychological knowledge
Section B
ASSESSMENT
8.1
Assessment plan
8.2
There are three assignments for Basic Psychology. You will find these assignments in this Tutorial Letter
101. Please refer to the assignment info in my Studies @ Unisa for general assignment information and
rules.
(Please note that you have to submit the assignments ONLY for the semester you are registered.
Thus, if you are registered for semester 1, submit the assignments for semester 1 ONLY).
Assignment 01 (semester 1 and 2) - This assignment consists of 25 multiple-choice questions
covering the following learning opportunities and chapters in the prescribed book:
From Study Guide Section A: SEC.A-RIG, SEC.A-CFS, SEC.A-PPR, SEC.A-POP, SEC.A-DPP
From Study Guide Section B: SEC.B-01, SEC.B-02, SEC.B-03, SEC.B-04, SEC.B-05.
FROM A-Z:
11
Note that you have to submit assignment 01 and at least one of the remaining assignments to receive
examination admission.
(Please note that you have to submit the assignments ONLY for the semester you are registered.
Thus, if you are registered for semester 1, submit the assignments for semester 1 ONLY).
Assignment 02 (semester 1 and 2) - This assignment consists of 25 multiple-choice questions
covering the following learning opportunities and chapters in the prescribed book:
From Study Guide Section A: SEC.A-DPP, SEC.A-POP,
From Study Guide Section B: SEC.B-06, SEC.B-07. SEC.B-08, SEC.B-09
FROM A-Z:
- Intelligence (3 sub-sections)
- Emotion (6 sub-sections)
- Learning (4 sub-sections)
- Memory
- Personality (3 sub-sections)
Assignment 91: This assignment is a course-evaluation assignment. It consists of 25 multiplechoice questions concerning your experience of the course material. The aim of the assignment is to
reflect on what you have learned and why you enjoyed (or why you did not enjoy) certain learning
experiences.
Assignment 92: Apart from the assignments you also receive a self-test. You cannot submit the selftest for evaluation. Please use the self-test to determine how well you are prepared for the examination.
Year-mark: An average of assignments 01 and 02 counts 20% towards the year mark. This year mark
will contribute towards the final mark. Assignment 91 does not contribute towards the year mark.
You will receive feedback on your assignments as well as the self-test. Feedback on assignment 01 is
provided in Tutorial Letter 201. Feedback on assignment 02 and the self-test is provided in Tutorial
Letter 202. You get the answers to the questions, as well as further discussion of these answers. You
will receive two kinds of feedback: (1) a computer printout showing your own answers, the correct
answers, and the mark you obtained, (2) a tutorial letter with detailed feedback about each question.
Assignment 91 does not have any feedback.
12
Unique number
595183
855776
603694
578974
579076
579137
Semester
1
2
1
2
1
2
PYC1501/101
8.2.2 Due dates for assignments
Do your assignments while you study, and submit them well before the closing dates. Do not contact
the Department of Psychology to request an extension of time. This is because the marking has to
resume on a set date. Credits are automatically deducted for late submissions of assignments.
Assignments
Assignment 01
Assignment 02
Assignment 91
8.3
Due date
12 March 2015
03 September 2015
10 April 2015
01 October 2015
23 April 2015
08 October 2015
Semester
1
2
1
2
1
2
Submission of assignments
Students may submit assignments completed on mark-reading sheets either by post or electronically on
myUnisa.
Assignment submission by post: The postal address is: Assignments (PYC1501), The Registrar
(Academic), UNISA, PO Box 392, Unisa 0003.
Assignment submission via myUnisa: Visit the Unisa home page at http://www.unisa.ac.za and go to
myUnisa for a detailed explanation. Please note: assignments may not be submitted by fax or email. Should you encounter problems in submitting an assignment on myUnisa, you may contact the
help line at: [email protected].
For detailed information on assignments, please refer to my Studies @ Unisa brochure, which you
received with your study package.
To submit an assignment via myUnisa:
Go to myUnisa.
Log in with your student number and password.
Select the module.
Click on assignments in the menu on the left-hand side of the screen.
Click on the assignment number you wish to submit.
13
8.4
Assignments
(Please note that you have to submit the assignments ONLY for the semester you are registered.
Thus, if you are registered for semester 1, submit the assignments for semester 1 ONLY).
Semester 1 assignments
Semester 1: Assignment 01
Note: This assignment is compulsory. You have to submit this assignment to gain examination
admission.
Question 1
The tutor for the first-year psychology group is dealing with the topic of impulse conduction in the human
nervous system. After the group discussion, the tutor asks the students the following questions to test
their knowledge of the study material.
The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information signals from other neurons is called. .
.
1. Myelin sheath
2. boutons
3. dendrites
4. soma
Question 2
The part of the neuron that facilitates synaptic transmission of a signal to another neuron is called.
..
1. dendrites
2. boutons
3. axon
4. myelin sheath
Question 3
The electrical charge resulting from the difference between the positive and negative ions outside and
inside the cell membrane is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
14
PYC1501/101
Question 4
Which of the following statement(s) about the neuron, based on the diagram is (are) correct?
1.
2.
3.
4.
In accordance with all-or-nothing-law, neurons A, B, C and D will conduct an impulse at exactly the
same speed, or not at all
In comparison with neurons A, C and D, neuron B can conduct impulses at the highest speed and
amplitude
In comparison with neurons A, B and C, neuron D will conduct impulses at the highest frequency
1 and 3
Question 5
In the myelinated neuron, the myelin sheaths are separated by a small gap called (an) . . . that facilitates
the neural impulse to jump from one point to another
.
1. threshold
2. axon
3. synaptic cleft
4. nodes of Ranvier
Question 6
Low serotonin levels are associated with . . . just as dopamine deficiency is associated with Parkinsons
disease.
1. seasonal depression
2. muscle spasm
3. suppression of pain
4. mania
Question 7
Some students in your group are still confused and request the tutor to provide a different kind of
presentation of the nervous system that would make matters clearer. You think that the information can
best be represented in . . .
A.
B.
C.
D.
15
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B and C
C, D and F
A and E
C and D
Question 8
Which of the following illustrates the correct sequence of events in the process of synaptic transmission?
1. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft, vesicles attach to
presynaptic membrane
2. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, transmitter deactivated by boutons, electrical changes in receiving
cell
3. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, vesicles attach to membrane, neurotransmitters released and
attach to receptors on postsynaptic membrane
4. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, neurotransmitters attach to receptors, neurotransmitters cross
synaptic cleft
Question 9
The function of this lobe allows you to recognise elements of an object in the visual field and integrate
them into a meaningful whole.
1. Frontal lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Parietal lobe
4. Occipital lobe
Question 10
The tutor asks the students on the group site what determines whether a neurotransmitter will have an
inhibitory or excitatory effect on the synaptic process. One student answers that it depends on the
nature of the neurotransmitter. This statement . . .
1. does not provide the correct answer because it is too vague
2. is correct because the effect depends on the quantity of the neurotransmitter in relation to the
enzyme that destroys it.
3. is partially correct, because other factors also play a role
4. is incorrect because the effect depends on the ratio of inhibitory to excitatory neurotransmitters in a
specific synapse
Question 11
The main function of this structure is to distribute motor fibres to the muscles and to convey
somatosensory information to the brain. It can work independently of the brain as a result of reflexive
control circuits. This is a description of the . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
16
spinal cord
thalamus
somatic nervous system
cerebellum
PYC1501/101
Question 12
James got hold of some drugs at school and decided to use them. After few minutes of taking drugs,
James entered a dreamlike state and started to experience distorted sensory experiences and imaginary
visions and realities. What type of drugs induce this kind of mental state?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inhalants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Question 13
John experienced a sudden collapse. He was awake when his friend, James called him but John could
not move. John is suffering from a sleep disorder called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
catalepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
Question 14
A youth group leader is concerned about the increasing problem of drug abuse in the community. He
wants to organise a workshop for his youth group to provide information about drugs in the hope that this
will reduce the incidence of drug abuse. He asks you to give a presentation on drugs and their effects on
behavior.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 15
A strong smell may seem less intense as time passes by. This is because receptor cells get tired of firing
in response to continuous presentation of a stimulus. This process is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
habituation
sensory adaptation
transduction
sensation
Question 16
The tutor asks the class to identify the principle behind the following description: A process of
perceptual organisation that refers to our tendency to group elements in a way that creates a balanced
figure refers to the priniple of . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
symmetry
contour
continuity
similarity
17
Question 17
The system that provides people with information about their movements and orientation in space is
called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
chemical system
visual system
proprioceptive system
somaesthetic system
Question 18
When you are talking to someone at a party, you are able to focus on the voice of that person and
screen out the background noise. This is an example of which law of perceptual organisation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Closure
figure and ground
proximity
grouping
Question 19
Which one of the following statements refers to the orienting reaction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 20
Which of the following statements about attention is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Attention is an automatic process that takes place below the awareness level
People cannot pay attention to more than one thing at a time
There are external and internal determinants of attention
Parallel processing is easier when two or more tasks require an individual to pay close attention
Question 21
Which of the following statements is (are) example (s) of inductive reasoning?
1.
2.
3.
4.
18
On the basis of high humidity, James states that it could rain later tonight
After making some observations at the crime scene, Detective Sherlock Holmes formed a theory
about who might have committed the crime
If Emily studies very hard, she will pass her psychology exam
1 and 2
PYC1501/101
Question 22
While reading through some material, James comes across the following syllogism:
All angels are immortal.
Gabriel is an angel.
Therefore, Gabriel is immortal.
The above statement is an example of . . . reasoning.
1.
2.
3.
4.
inductive
critical
deductive
analogical
Question 23
When John came back from a party in the middle of the night, he found that the electricity was off in the
house and it was raining heavily. So he struggled to open the door with the key since it was dark in the
doorway. Frustrated, John decided to try one by one, only the keys that could possibly open the door
and eventually managed to open it. In this case, John used . . . to open the door.
1.
2.
3.
4.
heurestic strategy
trial and error strategy
insight
inductive reasoning
Question 24
Your tutor asks your group to explain how informal reasoning differs from formal reasoning. One student
answers: formal reasoning is logical whereas informal reasoning is illogical. This answer is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 25
Difficulties often arise when a person assesses a problem from one point of view only and does not look
at alternatives. This is an example of . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
restricted thinking
an emotional barrier to problem solving
a perceptual barrier to problem solving
1 and 3
End of Assignment 01
19
Semester 1: Assignment 02
Question 1
As a Psychology student, you are asked to explain to the mother why her daughter is having difficulties
at school while her friend who lives in the same community, is not. Your explanation is based on the
finding that children who are least likely to obtain similar scores on an intelligence test are children who
have . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 2
Mrs Roberts is worried because her creative son, James, has been performing poorly at school. The
school principal suggests that James should take an intelligence test to determine his IQ level. Which of
the following is a possible explanation for the finding that highly creative people often do not perform well
on traditional tests of intelligence?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 3
Machela is 13 years old. The intelligence test results show that Machela can perform all the tasks
designed for children of 14 years old, half of the tasks for children of 15 years old. Therefore, Machelas
mental age is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
13 years
13 years, 6 months
14 years
14 years, 6 months
Question 4
Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence is not true? People with high emotional
intelligence are able to . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 5
Which of the following is not associated with the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
20
PYC1501/101
Question 6
Which one of the following criteria is incorrect for identifying primary emotions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 7
A fellow student asks you to explain the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion, and you decide to do so
by using a flow chart. Which of the following provides the correct sequence in the experience of
emotion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 8
Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct about motivation and emotions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 9
What type of learning is traditionally classified as learning by association?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Social learning
Cognitive learning
Classical and operant conditioning
Observational learning
Question 10
The tutor asks the group about the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment. Which
of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
21
Question 11
Michaels parents have decided to punish him for using bad language at home and at school. They
decided to stop this behaviour by taking away 50 cents from his pocket money every time he swears.
Within a month Michaels swearing has almost disappeared. What type of learning is illustrated in this
scenario?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Observational learning
operant social learning
cognitive learning
Social learning
Question 12
Which of the following is not by definition a learned perceptual-motor skill?
1.
2.
3.
4.
To pick up a glass of water, then a spoon and then a dish-cloth lying on the floor
To dive from a high diving-board
To get the soccer ball from the goalkeeper and pass it to the strikers
To cut a diamond to show off its beauty
Question 13
Cindy ate bad sardines and now she feels nauseous whenever she sees a tin of sardines. Which of the
following describe(s) this state of affairs?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The sight of a tin of sardines acts as an unconditioned stimulus for becoming nauseous
Eating bad sardines was an unconditioned stimulus for becoming nauseous
Becoming nauseous at the sight of a tin of sardines is a classically conditioned response
2 and 3
Question 14
According to Bandura (1986), which of the following are the essential components to observational
learning?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
A and C
A, C, and D
A, B, and C
All of the above
Question 15
The method of improving memory by summarizing aloud while you are learning is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
22
rehearsal
recitation
whole learning
spaced practice
PYC1501/101
Question 16
The tutor asks you the name of the country that won the 2014 Fifa Soccer World Cup in Brazil and you
say: I cannot think of the name now but I will remember it in a minute or so. This indicates a problem
with . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
recognition
retrieval
decay of information
storage of information
Question 17
The term . . . refers to the process of being unable to retrieve the information we have stored in memory.
1.
2.
3.
4.
memory decay
forgetting
retrieval
interferrence
Question 18
The . . . memory system refers to the store of explicit, factual information and . . . memory system deals
with actions, conditioned responses and implicit memories.
1.
2.
3.
4.
declarative, non-declarative
non-declarative, declarative
procedural, declarative
long-term, short-term
Question 19
With regard to memory, the . . . monitors and regulates the information needed for reasoning and
problem solving.
1.
2.
3.
4.
visuospatial sketchpad
phonological loop
executive control system
long-term memory
Question 20
You are about to call your friend when you hear the announcement of the weather report on TV. After the
report you realise that you are holding your cellphone in your hand but, you dont remember who you
wanted to call and why. The reason that you forgot is due to . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
23
Question 21
A person who is able to cope with stress by means of personal commitment, taking control over the
situation, and see challenges rather than problems, can be described as having . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 22
Which statement provides the best definition of the term, character?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 23
Which of the following describes Cattells trait theory of personality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The most important traits are motivational traits related to our values
Personality is made up of cardinal, central and secondary traits
source traits represent an underlying personality characteristics
The core of human nature can be described in terms of five basic personality factors
Question 24
In terms of Psychoanalytic approach, personality is shaped by . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 25
Dimensions such as general activity level, sociability, impulsivity, and emotionality are part of . . . of a
person.
1.
2.
3.
4.
traits
character
temperament
self-esteem
End of Assignment 02
24
PYC1501/101
Semester 2 assignments
Semester 2: Assignment 01
Note: This assignment is compulsory. You have to submit this assignment to gain examination
admission.
Question 1
You made notes during the discussion and when you look at your notes some time later, you
wonder whether you wrote down all the information correctly. Which of the following statements about
the nature of impulse conduction are correct? The process of impulse conduction . . .
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B, C, D, E, and F
C, E and F
A, B, and E
C, D, and F
Question 2
The process whereby an impulse moves much faster by jumping from node to node when travelling
through the myelin sheath is called . . .
1
2.
3.
4.
myelination
nodes of Ranvier
saltatory conduction
speed
Question 3
When the electrical charge is strong enough to exceed the threshold, the resting membrane potential is
changed into . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 4
After discussing synaptic transmission, the tutor asks you to describe the effects of noradrenalin in one
sentence. Which one of the following statements is correct?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Noradrenalin is released by the sympathetic nerves and too much can lead to mania
People who experience seasonal depression have low levels of noradrenalin
A lack of noradrenalin can explain the decline in cognitive functioning seen in Alzheimers disease
Noradrenalin is involved in the experience of pleasure and suppression of pain
25
Question 5
With regard to impulse conduction in the neuron, the resting membrane potential occurs when the
sodium ions are . . . charged and the potassium ions are . . . charged. The total electrical charge on the
inside of the membrane is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 6
You are chased away by a large, mean dog on the street. When you are safe some distance away, you
stop to catch your breath. The physical symptoms that you now experience are controlled mainly by . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 7
Low serotonin level is associated with . . . just as an excess of dopamine is associated with . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 8
What term is used to refer to the process whereby a postsynaptic potential is reinforced by action
potentials from the terminals of several axons reaching the same synapse simultaneously?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spatial summation
Inhibition
Temporal summation
Excitation
Question 9
During the group discussion, one student mentions that neurons can send impulses continuously. You
say that this statement is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 10
The hypothalamus is concerned with . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Question 11
The tutor asks you to identify the correct statement about the brain. The correct statement is that . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 12
Which of the following refers to the condition of breathing difficulties during sleep, whereby an individual
wakes up gasping for breath, and then goes back to sleep?
1.
2.
3.
4.
insomnia
catalepsy
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
Question 13
During group discussion you are asked to provide information about altered states of consciousness.
One student asks you whether sleep apnea is a characteristic of narcolepsy. Your answer is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 14
When you wake up and clearly remember what you were dreaming about, what stage of sleep have you
woken up from?
1.
2.
3.
4.
phase 2 sleep
phase 3 sleep
phase 4 sleep
D-sleep
Question 15
A strong smell may seem less intense as time passes by. This is because receptor cells get tired of firing
in response to continuous presentation of a stimulus. This process is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
sensory adaptation
habituation
transduction
sensation
Question 16
Which of the following statement(s) refer(s) to the orienting reaction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
27
Question 17
The theory that explains colour vision on the basis of red, green and blue retinal systems is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hering theory
Retinex theory
Opponent-process theory
Trichromatic theory
Question 18
A white shirt may look slightly grey when viewed in a shade, but you still perceive it as white. Which type
of perceptual constancy refers to this phenomenon?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Constant brightness
Constant form
Constant size
None of the above
Question 19
We have a tendency to group elements that are close together as though they represent a meaningful
figure. Which aspect of perceptual organisation is operative here?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Principle of closure
Perceptual constancy
Principle of symmetry
Principle of proximity
Question 20
You are walking past the garden when you notice a nice smell from the flowers. Your friend tells you that
your olfactory nerve has been triggered. Which sensory system does the olfactory nerve form part of?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proprioceptive system
Somaesthetic system
Auditory system
Chemical system
Question 21
Michael drove over a red robot and was stopped by the traffic cop. He does not want to pay the fine and
pleads with the traffic cop: If I pay the fine, my family will have nothing to eat for the whole week. I still
have to pay my electricity account. Please, help me out. What kind of fallacious reasoning is Michael
using here?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Question 22
What type of reasoning refers to the process of drawing a conclusion that follows logically from two or
more statements or premises?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Logical reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Critical reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Question 23
Conceptual errors can lead to errors of thinking. Which of the following is not an example of such
conceptual errors?
1.
2.
3.
4.
All-or-nothing thought
Stereotypes
Prototypes
Oversimplification of complex concepts
Question 24
Peter wants to see the movie at 20:00. He reasons that he must be in the queue around 19:30 to get a
seat. He also works out that it would take him about 15 minutes to find the parking slot and another five
minutes to walk from the parking to the movie house and 30 minutes to drive from his home to the
parking. So he works out that he must leave home around 18:30 to get to the ticket office on time. Which
of the following heuristic methods did Peter apply to solve his problem of time calculation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
analogic analysis
analysing the available means to attain the desired goal
analysing the steps necessary to attain the desired goal
checklist analysis
Question 25
Sarahs baby cries a lot during the night and Sarah does not sleep well and cannot cope with her daily
work. What is the first thing Sarah should do to solve the problem?
1.
2.
3.
4.
End of assignment 01
29
Semester 2: Assignment 02
Question 1
The tutor discusses the concept of intelligence. After the discussion, the tutor asks the students to show
their understanding by answering the following questions. Which of the following statement(s) about
intelligence is (are) not correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
A and D
B
C and D
Question 2
Another student states that when intellectual development is normal, an IQ increases gradually over the
lifespan. This statement is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 3
The tutor asks you to identify the main difference between the theories of intelligence proposed by
Spearman and Thurston. Which of the following is correct?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 4
Mrs Robertson is worried about her sons progress at school. David is 9 years old. The results of
intelliegence test indicate that David can pass all the test items passed by 8 year-old children, half of the
items passed by 9 year-old children and a quarter of the items passed by 10 year-old children. The test
results indicate . . .
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B, D, and E
A and C
C and D
A, C, D, and E
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PYC1501/101
Question 5
To test your creativity, the tutor asks you to think of different possible uses of a pencil. You suggest that
a pencil could be used as a lever. This is an example of . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
divergent thinking
cognitive complexity
convergent thinking
insight
Question 6
Emotions are usually expressed in body language or non-verbally, whereby bodily gestures and facial
expressions are used to show a variety of emotions. This is a . . . component of emotions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
cognitive-perceptual
physiological
social
behavioural
Question 7
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, the experience of emotion depends on . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 8
Which of the following statement/s about emotions and motivation is/are not true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 9
Unfortunately, your children have done something bad and you want to punish them. Your friend tells
you that for punishment to be effective, it depends on three aspects. These are . . .
A.
B.
C.
D.
consistency
timing
spontaneity
intensity
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B, and C
B, C, and D
A, B and D
A, C and D
31
Question 10
Learning can be defined as . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 11
The effect of a conditioned stimulus can be extended to include other similar stimuli. After conditioning,
stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus may also trigger the same response. In classical
conditioning, this process is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
stimulus discrimination
higher-order conditioning
stimulus generalization
a conditioned response
Question 12
In Classical conditioning, the term extinction refers to . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
the situation that after conditioning, stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus may trigger
the same response
the reappearance of a response which seemed to have been extinguished
the process of discriminating or detecting differences among similar stimuli and only responding to a
specific stimulus
the disappearance of a previously learned response
Question 13
You are teaching your dog to catch a ball and bring it back to you. On every third occasion that the dog
brings the ball back, you give him a biscuit as a reward. What kind of reinforcement schedule this refers
to?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 14
In operant conditioning terms, reinforcement refers to . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
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PYC1501/101
Question 15
Which of the following is true about short-term memory?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 16
Which memory system would Sarah use to demonstrate to her classmates on how to bake a cake?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Short-term memory
Working memory
Declarative memory
Procedural memory
Question 17
What term is used to describe the process whereby we forget things after a time because the
physiological mechanisms responsible for memories fade away?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ineffective coding
Memory decay
Forgetting
Interference
Question 18
You have studied the chapter on memory in details. Your tutor asks you the name of the part of the brain
involved in storing long term memories. You say I cannot think of the name now but Ill remember it in a
minute or two. This indicates a problem with . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
retrieval
recognition
decay of information
storage of information
33
Question 19
Which of the following are the methods to improve encoding of information in memory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A,C, and D
A,B and C
A,B, and D
B, C, and D
Question 20
Mr Donald is a very competitive man. He strives for success and time is very important for him. He also
gets frustrated and impatient when other people do not do things his way. This is a description of . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
type A personality
type B personality
hardy personality
1 and 3
Question 21
The term . . . refers to manner in which people express and deal with their emotions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
character
personality
temperament
traits
Question 22
Which theoretical approach to personality development focuses on the unique qualities of people, their
freedom and potential for growth?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 23
Sams personality test results indicate that he is an extrovert. Extroversion describes his . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
34
temperament
personality type
character
self-concept
PYC1501/101
Question 24
Which of the following describe(s) Cattells source trait theory of personality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
an important aspect is the way traits are organised or related to each other
people have cardinal, central and secondary traits
source traits represent an underlying personality characteristic
1 and 3
Question 25
If you describe your friend as sociable, friendly, and easy to get along with, what personality approach
are you using?
1. Humanistic approach
2. Trait approach
3. Behavioural approach
4. Biological approach
End of assignment 02
Assignment 91
Unique number
Unique number
(579076-semester 1)
(579137- semester 2)
Note: You have to submit Assignments 01 and 02 before you can submit this assignment. This
assignment does not have any feedback, and does not contribute towards a year-mark.
The following statements are about the learning tasks in general for the whole course. In each case please indicate
your response to each of these statements. In other words:
Mark 1 if you definitely agree with the statement
Mark 2 if you agree with the statement
Mark 3 if you are uncertain whether you agree or disagree with the statement
Mark 4 if you disagree with the statement
Mark 5 if you definitely disagree with the statement
A
Please indicate how you feel about each of the learning opportunities listed below:
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PYC1501/101
Remember to:
- indicate your answers on a mark-reading sheet
- provide the assignments unique number on the mark reading sheet
- write your student number on the mark sheet
- submit the mark reading sheet as Assignment 91
End of Assignment 91
Assignment 92 (Self-test)
Note: This assignment serves as an exam preparation. Do not submit this assignment for
marking.
Question 1
During group discussion, the tutor asks the students to draw up a step-by-step representation of the
sequence of events during impulse conduction. One student provides the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
carrying messages from the environment to the spinal cord and brain
setting the action potential in motion
conducting messages from the spinal cord and brain to the muscles and glands
ensuring that the soma receives messages from other neurons
Question 3
The tutor explains the nature of impulse transmission in the form of analogical reasoning and asks you to
complete the following sentence: Stimulus intensity is to impulse frequency as . . . is to the amplitude of
the impulse.
1.
2.
3.
4.
conduction speed
diameter of the nerve fibre
light stimulus intensity
height of the wave
37
Question 4
The tutor asks the students to check their knowledge on the parts of the neuron and their functions by
asking each other some questions. Your friend asks you What part of the neuron conducts information
signals over a long distance?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Soma
Axon
Boutons
Cell bodies
Question 5
The tutor asks students to give examples of the functions of neurotransmitters. Which one of the
following statements is not correct?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Curare causes paralysis because it functions as an antagonist which suppresses the action of
acetylcholine
High levels of acetylcholine may explain deteriorating cognitive functions in Alzheimers disease
Severe depression is associated with low levels of noradrenaline in the brain and manic condition is
associated with very high levels
High levels of dopamine are associated with schizophrenia
Questions 6
Drugs have different effects on the synaptic process. The effects are brought about because drugs . . .
neurotransmitters.
1.
2.
3.
4.
inhibit
facilitate
mimic
all of the above
Question 7
This lobe regulates voluntary movements such as moving a fork or spoon from the plate to the mouth
and to use a map by synthesizing spatial co-ordinates.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Question 8
The tutor asks you to identify the correct statement about sleep.
1.
2.
3.
4.
38
PYC1501/101
Question 9
The tutor explains that the drug cocaine works by decreasing the activity of neurons that inhibit other
neurons. Cocaine is therefore classified as a (an) . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
stimulant
depressant
hallucinogen
Inhalant
Question 10
The tutor asks one of the students to make a presentation on the role of the hippocampus in memory.
The student decides that a graphic representation will be helpful. What would be the best way to
organise this information graphically?
1.
2.
3.
4.
An expandable tree structure showing the structures of the central nervous system
An expandable tree structure showing the structures involved in the memory process
A flow chart illustrating the memory process
A flow chart illustrating the central nervous system
Question 11
When you look at the following lines, you tend to see them as three sets of two lines and one line, rather
than as random lines. Which law of perceptual organisation accounts for this?
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
1.
2.
3.
4.
---------------
Contour
Similarity
Closure
Proximity
Question 12
The left hemisphere of the brain is mainly involved with . . .
1. the logical organization and analysis of information and processing information sequentially
2. processing information holistically and simultaneously
3. creativity and creative thinking
4. spatial or non-verbal activities
Question 13
Which type of perceptual constancy explains the fact that a piece of charcoal is always black, whether
you look at it in the light or in the shadow?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Constant brightness
Constant colour
Constant form
Constant size
39
Question 14
Advertisements are intended to attract peoples attention and to motivate them to buy the advertised
product. The best results are obtained by advertisements that . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 15
The main function of the . . . is to co-ordinate motor movement.
1. pons
2. medulla oblongata
3. thalamus
4. cerebellum
Question 16
Which of the following statement(s) indicate(s) inner speech?
A. Peter shouts at John: Do as you please, but dont come to me crying when things go wrong.
B. James thinks angrily to himself: She betrayed me, I have myself to blame.
C. Cindy reflects sadly: I will never see my darling Jimmy ever again. This time he wont come back.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B and C
C
B
B and C
Question 17
Observational learning means that we learn . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 18
Billy is a daydreamer and does not always make up his bed. When he forgets to do so, his mother does
it for him but then makes him wash the dishes. When Billy makes up his bed, he gets an extra piece of
fruit in his lunch-box because Billys mother knows that Billy likes fruit. This scenario is an example of . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
40
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
discovery learning
perceptual-motor learning
PYC1501/101
Question 19
Which brain waves mostly characterize the wakefulness and a relaxed state of the mind?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Delta waves
Alpha waves
Beta waves
Theta waves
Question 20
You asked your fellow student to help you illustrate the process of synaptic transmission and he
suggests the use of a flow chart. Is this an appropriate way to illustrate synaptic transmission?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 21
Which term refers to the period whereby no impulse can be generated, even with intense stimulation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 22
Which one of the following neurotransmitters helps to control aggression and eating?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Endorphin
GABA
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Question 23
People with damage to the part of this lobe can hear the words spoken to them but the spoken words
have no meaning for them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Question 24
Within the parts of the hindbrain, the part that prevents the brain from over-stimulation and maintains an
optimal arousal level for brain functioning is called . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
pons
reticular formation
41
Question 25
The group is discussing the peripheral nervous system and the tutor asks the students to complete the
following statement by choosing the correct options from the list below: The . . . activates the body while
the . . . restores normal functioning.
1.
2.
3.
4.
End of Assignment 92
10
EXAMINATION
The nature of
the
examination
paper
Examination
admission
You need to submit the compulsory assignment 01 to be allowed to sit for the
examination. We, however, strongly advise you to complete and submit all the
assignments because the assignments are designed to help you in your studies.
Pass mark
The marks you score in the examination paper are converted to a percentage point
(a mark out of 100). You must obtain at least 50% to pass the examination. Note
that the final mark is an average of 20% year mark and 80% examination mark.
What if I fail?
Examinations for first semester are written in May/June with the supplementary
examinations being written in October/November. Examinations for the second
semester are written in October/November with the supplementary examinations
being written in May/June of the following year. Please see my Studies @ Unisa
11
The my Studies @ Unisa contains an A Z guide of the most relevant study information. Please refer to
this brochure for any other questions.
42
PYC1501/101
12
SOURCES CONSULTED
13
CONCLUSION
Tutorial letters contain important information about your studies. It is, therefore, important to read all
tutorial letters when you receive them, and to keep them in a safe place. This first tutorial letter (Tutorial
Letter 101) contains valuable general information for this module. Keep this tutorial letter at hand - you
will have to use it more often. The other tutorial letters contain information about feedback on
assignments, and examination information.
14
ADDENDUM
15
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
15.1
New Voices in Psychology is a peer-reviewed innovative publication that is published twice a year by
the Unisa Psychology Department. It has become firmly established as a journal that concentrates on
entry-level articles, giving first-time academic authors the opportunity to publish their work. The
challenge has always been to do this without compromising on academic quality, while fostering cuttingedge, innovative work. Apart from publishing empirical and theoretical articles, the journal publishes
conference reports, book reviews, DVD reviews as well as essays under the heading Tips, Tools,
Reflections and Conversations. For access to the online publications of issues of the
journal, information on how to submit manuscripts and information about various new projects and
initiatives,
visit
the
journals
website:
https://sites.google.com/a/unisa.ac.za/new-voices-inpsychology/home.
15.2
Previous exam papers are made available on myUnisa at certain times. Therefore, we suggest that you
make use of the previous examination papers in terms of familiarizing yourself with the structure of the
examination when preparing for the examinations. Please note that past examination papers do not form
part of your 2015 syllabus. Therefore we do NOT discuss past examination papers and we do NOT
provide model answers for previous examination papers. Also, please note that we cannot take
responsibility for changes in syllabi emphasis or content not reflected in past papers.
43
15.3
Professional communication
It is unprofessional:
o to start a telephone conversation with: Hi, I wonder whether you could help me,
or: Oh, finally you answer your phone!, or Just quickly tell me where in the study
material can if find
o to write an email without indicating who the message is addressed to
o to launch into accusations without first establishing the facts of the matter
o to use threatening, derogatory and abusive language
Unprofessional
communication is
not acceptable
44
Please note that the teaching team will not accept unprofessional communication.
Such communication will be returned with an indication that the communication is
unprofessional and therefore unacceptable.