Paper 118 Guidelines For Prequalification and Design of Post-Installed and Cast-In Anchors in Australia - 2
Paper 118 Guidelines For Prequalification and Design of Post-Installed and Cast-In Anchors in Australia - 2
Paper 118 Guidelines For Prequalification and Design of Post-Installed and Cast-In Anchors in Australia - 2
ANCHORS IN AUSTRALIA
David J. Heath1, Emad F. Gad2
ABSTRACT: The Australian anchor industry is rapidly growing, however, guidance for the design of post-installed
and cast-in anchors for safety-critical applications in Australian codes of practice is minimal. The current level of
guidance has resulted in a lack of consistency for product assessment and limited guidance for design. This paper
summarises a design procedure for cast-in and post-installed anchors that has been endorsed by the Australian
Engineered Fasteners and Anchors Council (AEFAC) for adoption in Australia. The design procedure is based on
design guidelines that are intended to become a harmonised European Standard. The design guidelines are an
imperative part of a framework being developed by AEFAC to enhance quality and safety standards in the Australian
fastener industry.
_________________________
1
David J. Heath, Department of Civil and Construction Engineering and Australian Engineered Fasteners and Anchors Council,
Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology. Email: [email protected]
2
Emad F. Gad, Department of Civil and Construction Engineering and Australian Engineered Fasteners and Anchors Council,
Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology. Email: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
1/
(1)
PREQUALIFICATION
Table 1: Design verifications for cast-in and post-installed anchors under tension or shear loading.
Connection between
channel and anchor
Local flexure of
channel lip
Flexure of channel
Refer to AS 4100
where appropriate
Bondedc
Postinstalled
Mechanicalb
Cast-in
Channela
Design verification
Headed inserts
Postinstalled
Bondedc
Cast-in
Mechanicalb
Design verification
Shear
Channela
Tension
Headed inserts
Mode of failure
a
N Ed
Ms,ca N Rk ,s,c
N Ed Ms,l N Rk , s,l
V Ed Ms,l V Rk , s,l
M Ed Ms , flex M Rk , s , flex
Pull-out failured
N Ed Mp N Rk , p
N Ed Mp N Rk , p
N Ed Mc N Rk ,c
Splitting failure
N Ed Msp N Rk , sp
Blow-out failuref
N Ed Mc N Rk ,cb
V Ed McV Rk ,c
V Ed McV Rk ,cp
Refer to AS 3600
where appropriate
Supplementary
reinforcement failureg
a
Verification for most loaded channel bolt or anchor, considering effects of edge distance and spacing.
Includes concrete screw anchors, expansion anchors and undercut anchors.
c
Includes bonded anchors, bonded expansion anchors and bonded undercut anchors.
d
Not required for post-installed chemical anchors.
e
Not required for headed and post-installed mechanical anchors.
f
Required for headed anchors (including channel) and post-installed mechanical undercut anchors where c < 0.5hef.
g
Only relevant where component reinforcement for the fastener is present.
b
NRd, = NRk
<
(2)
N Rk , p = k1 Ah f ck
(6)
0
N Rk
, p = Rk dhef
where
Rk
given in ETA
scr,Np2
A p, N
scr,Np
7.3d Rk 3hef
Rk
ccr,Np
scr,Np/2
A 0p ,N
(7)
where
(8)
(9)
g, Np
g0 , Np (s s cr , Np )0.5 g0 , Np 1
(10)
where
(3)
where
3.3
(5)
3.2
0
0
N Rk , p = N Rk
, p A p , N A p , N g , Np s , Np re , N ec , Np
Ah
( 4)(d h2 d 2 )
k1
(4)
n 1 ( Rk Rk ,c )1.5 1
g0 ,Np
Rk , c
(k 8
k8
(11)
(12)
d ) hef f ck
s, Np
(13)
re, N
(14)
ec, Np
1
1
1 + 2e N s cr , Np
(a) Cross-section
(15)
0
0
N Rk ,c = N Rk
,c Ac , N Ac , N s , N re, N ec, N . M , N
(16)
f ck hef1.5
(17)
s , N = 0.7 + 0.3(c c cr , N ) 1
with
k9
kcr,N
kucr,N
ec, N =
Ac,N
A0c,N
(18)
1
1
1 + 2 e N s cr , N
(20)
(19)
N0Rk,c
(21)
ch , s , N =
nch
1+
[(1 s
(22)
s cr , N )1.5 (N i N 0 )
0
0
N Rk , sp = N Rk
, sp Ac , N Ac , N s , N re , N ec , N h , sp
i =1
where
(27)
where
si
scr,N
Ni
N0
nch
h, sp
(23)
N0Rk,sp
(h hmin )2 / 3
<
h + 1.5c 2 / 3
ef
1
2
max 1;
hmin
ch,e, N = c1 c cr , N 1
(24)
where
c1
ccr,N
0.5scr,N
(25)
ch, c, N = c 2 c cr , N 1
(26)
where
c2
0
N Rk , sp = N Rk
ch,s , N ch,e, N ch,c , N re, N h ,sp
SPLITTING FAILURE
(29)
where
N0Rk
min(N0Rk,p, N0Rk,c)
N
N
(28)
Rk,p
Rk,c,
(30)
BLOW-OUT FAILURE
0
0
N Rk ,cb = N Rk
,cb Ac , Nb Ac , Nb S , Nb g , Nb ec , Nb
(31)
k4
Ah
f ck
(32)
A0c,Nb
Ac, Nb
(33)
(34)
g , Nb = n + 1 n (s1 4c1 ) 1
s1
<
(35)
(36)
4c1
ec, Nb
1 + 2e N (4c1 )
3.7
(41)
VEd
<
VRd = VRk
(42)
(38)
ch,c, Nb = c 2 c cr , Nb 1
c2
ccr,Nb
scr,Nb/2
4.1
STEEL FAILURE
(39)
(40)
V Rk ,c
0
V Rk
,c
Ac,V
Ac0,V
(43)
V Rk ,c
k 5 d nom
l f
f ck c11.5
ec ,V =
eV
0.1 l f c1
lf
<
<
<
60 mm
dnom
)0.5
(45)
(46)
Ac0,V
Ac,V
(47)
1 + 2 eV (3c1 )
(48)
(50)
,V =
V
k5
(cos V )
(44)
with
(49)
h ,V = 1.5c1 h 1
+ (0.5 sin V )
(52)
k10 f ck c11.5
(53)
k10
ch,s,V
(54)
1
n
1+
[(1 s
The resistance of an individual anchor to concrete pryout failure, VRk,cp is given by:
(60)
VRk , cp
k 3 N Rk ,c
k3
NRk,c
i =1
SUPPLEMENTARY REINFORCEMENT
FAILURE
<
scr,V
scr,V
4c1 + 2bch
Vi
V0
si
(55)
(56)
(57)
5.1
ch,c,V = c 2 c cr ,V 1
=
ccr,V
0.5scr,V
ch,h,V = h hcr ,V 1
hcr,V
2c1 + 2hch
(58)
(59)
N Ed
N
Rd , s ,i
V
+ Ed
V
Rd , s ,i
(61)
with
2.5
5.2
N Ed
N
Rd ,i
1.5
V
+ Ed
V
Rd ,i
(62)
1.5
or
N Ed
N Rd ,i
V Ed
+
V Rd ,i
1.2
(63)
NRd,i
(64)
VRd,i
min(VRd,c, VRd,cp)
(65)
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9
1.
REFERENCES
10 APPENDIX
A list of the notation used throughout this paper has been
provided below. More comprehensive descriptions are
available in [9].
a spacing of reinforcement
Ac,N, Ac,Nb, Ac,V, Ap,N actual influence area for respective
failure odes
A0c,N, A0c,Nb, A0c,V, A0p,N idealised influence area for
respective failure modes
Ah bearing area of head of headed insert
c, c1, c2 edge distance
ccr,N, ccr,Np, ccr,sp, ccr,V critical edge distance to ensure
characteristic resistance for respective failure modes
cmin minimum edge distance
CEd compression force acting on fixture
d nominal diameter of fastener
dh diameter of head of fastener
eN, eV eccentricity of resultant load on anchor group
f distance between anchor head and lower surface of
concrete member
fck characteristic compressive strength of concrete
measured via cylinder test
h thickness of concrete member
hch height of anchor channel
hcr,V minimum member thickness to avoid concrete
edge breakout
hef effective embedment depth
hmin minimum member thickness to avoid splitting
kcr,N, kucr,N parameters related to state of concrete
k1, k3, k4, k5, k8, k9, k10 parameters in equations
lf length of fastener
n, nch number of fasteners
NEd design tension force
Ni, N0 tension force in fastener
NRd,i, NRd,s,i design tension resistance to type of failure
mode
NRk,c, NRk,cb, NRk,p, NRk,sp characteristic tensile resistance
of an anchor to respective failure mode