LAMPIRAN 2 PERHITUNGAN

Perhitungan Kinerja Heat Exchanger 116-C Secara Aktual

Diketahui:
SHELL (COOLING WATER)
t1 = 35,9 oC
= 35,9 x 1,8
= 64,62 oF
t2 = 43,9 oC
= 43,9 x 1,8
= 79,02 oF
t2 t1 = (79,02 64,62) oF........................................................................(Kern, Hal.85)
= 14,4 oF
w = 281.000 kg/hr ..........(Tabel Pengukuran Flow Cooling Water dengan Flow meter
KURITA)
= 281.000 kg/hr x 2,2046 Ib/kg
= 619492,6 Ib/hr
TUBE (SYN GAS)
T1 = 123,3 oC
= 123,3 oC x 1,8
= 221,94 oF
T2 = 45 oC
= 45 oC x 1,8
= 81 oF
T1 T2 = (221,94 81) oF........................................................................(Kern, Hal.85)
= 140,94 oF
W = 35525,65 kg/hr ............(Tabel Pusri II Synthesis Loop Uprate Case Pada Rate
Operasi 100%)
87

95,248
100

W = 35525,65 kg/hr x

x 2,2046 Ib/kg

= 74598,0888 Ib/hr .......................................... (Tabel Rate Operasi Pada 95,248%)

1. PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS
Q = W x C x (T1-T2) = w x c x (t1-t2).......................(Persamaan 5.7 Kern, Hal. 88)
a. Pada Shell (Cooling Water)
Diketahui :
w = 281.000 kg/hr .............................(Tabel Pengukuran Flow Cooling Water)
= 281.000 kg/hr x 2,2046 Ib/kg
= 619492,6 Ib/hr
tavg =

t 1+ t 2
2
(64,62+79,02)
2

= 71,82 oF
C = 4186 J/kg oC.............................(Tabel Pengukuran Flow Cooling Water)
o

= 4186 J/kg C x

1 Kcal /kgC
4186 J /kgK

= 1 Kcal/ kg oC = 1 BTU/Ib oF
Maka,
Q = w x c (t2-t1) ..................................................(Persamaan 5.7 Kern, Hal. 88)
= 619492,6 Ib/hr x 1 BTU/IboF x (79,02-64,62) oF
= 8920693,44 BTU/hr
b. Pada Tube (Syn Gas)
Diketahui :
W = 35525,65 kg/hr .....................(Tabel Pusri II Synthesis Loop Uprate Case)

88

91,074
100

= 35525,65 kg/hr x

x 2,2046 Ib/kg

= 71329,01836 Ib/hr
Rate operasi =

(92,02+91,12+90,33+ 91,12+ 90,78)

5

= 91,074.......(Tabel

Rate Operasi)
T 1+ T 2
2

Tavg =

(221,94+ 81)
2

= 151,47 oF
C

= 3332,97 J/kg oK .................(Tabel Pusri II Synthesis Loop Uprate Case)

= 3332,97 J/kg oK x

1 Kcal /kgC
4186 J /kgK

= 0,7960 Kcal/kg oC = 0,7960 Btu/Ib oF

Maka,
Q = W x C (T1-T2) ................................................. (Persamaan 5.7 Kern, Hal. 88)
= 71329,01836 Ib/hr x 0,7960 BTU/Ib oF x (221,94 - 81) oF
= 8002277,031 BTU/hr
2. LMTD dan t
Hot Fluida

Cold Fluida

(oF)
T1
T2

221,94

Higher

t1

( F)
64,62

81

Temp
Lower

t2

79,02

Temp

89

Difference
(oF)
157,32

t2

1,98

t1

140,94

Difference

14,4

(T1-T2)

LMTD =

155,34

(t2-t1)

(t2-t1)

( T 1t 1 )(T 2t 2)
( T 1t 1 )
................................. (Persamaan 5.14
ln
(T 2t 2)

Kern, Hal. 89)

( 221,9464,62 ) ( 8179,02 ) F
221,9464,62
=
ln
F
8179,02

R=

= 35,5047 oF
T 1T 2
t 2t 1 ....................................................... (Persamaan 5.14 Kern,

Hal. 149)
(221,9481)F
= ( 79,0264,62 ) F
= 9,7875 oF
S=

t 2t 1
T 1t 1

........................................................ (Persamaan 5.14 Kern,

Hal. 149)
79,0264,62 F
= 221,9464,62 F
= 0,0915 oF
FT = 0,8 ..........................................................................(Fig. 18 Kern Hal 828)
Sehingga,
t
= LMTD x FT .....................................(Persamaan 7.42 Kern, Hal. 149)
= 35,5047 oF x 0,8
= 28,4037 oF
3. TEMPERATURE AVERAGE (Tavg dan tavg)
(t 1+t 2)
tavg =
2

90

( 64,62+79,02 ) F
2

= 71,82 oF
(T 1+T 2)
Tavg =
2
=

( 221,94 +81 ) F
2

= 151,47 oF
4. LUAS ALIRAN (as dan at)
a. Pada Shell (Cooling Water)
Diketahui :
ID = 736 mm .................................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
= 73,6 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 28,9763 in
OD = 19 mm .................................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
= 1,9 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 0,74803 in
Tube pitch (PT) = 25mm ...............................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
= 2,5 cm x 0,3937in/cm = 0,9842 in
Jumlah baffles = 4 ...(Fig. Kellog Syn Gas Compressor Interstage Cooler)
Jarak baffles (B) = 3810 mm ........(Fig. Kellog Syn Gas Compressor
Interstage Cooler)
= 3810 mm/4
= 952,5 mm
= 95,25 cm x 0,3937in/cm = 37,4999 in
Tube clearance (C) = PT OD ................................................(Kern, 1950)
= 0,9842in 0,74803 in
= 0,2362 in
Maka,
ID x C x B} over {144 x PT}
as =
...............................................

(Persamaan 7.1 Kern, Hal.138)

144 x 0,9842

= 28,9763x 0,2362 x 37,4999

= 1,8109 ft2
b. Pada Tube
Diketahui :
91

Jumlah Tube (Nt) = 254/shell.........................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)

Jumlah Pass (n) = 2 .......................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
Diameter Luar (OD) =19 mm .......................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
=1,9 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 0,74803 in
BWG = 14 .....................................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
Maka,
at= 0,268 in2........................................................(Tabel 10 Kern, Hal.843)
Nt x a ' t
at = 144 x n ..................................................(Persamaan 7.48 Kern,
Hal.150)
254 /shell x 0,2682
=
144 x 2
= 0,2363 ft3
5. KECEPATAN MASSA (Gs dan Gt)
a. Pada Shell
Diketahui : ws = 619492,6 Ib/hr
as = 1,8109 ft2
ws
maka, Gs = as .............................................(Persamaan 7.2 Kern, Hal
138)
=

619492,6 lb/hr
1,8109 ft 2

= 342081,0712 Ib/hr ft2

b. Pada Tube
Diketahui : wt = 71329,01836 Ib/hr
at = 0,2363 ft2
wt
maka, Gt = at ..............................................(Persamaan 7.2 Kern, Hal
138)

25857,7719 Ib /hr
0,2363 ft

= 301857,8856 Ib/hr ft2

6. BILANGAN REYNOLD (Re)
92

a. Pada Shell
Dik : tavg = 71,82oF
= 0,95 x 2,42 = 2,299 Ib/ft hr ...............(Fig.14 Kern, Hal. 823)
Ds = 0,95 in ft / 12 in = 0,0791 ft ...............(Fig.28 Kern, Hal. 845)
Res= Ds x Gs / ...............................(Persamaan 7.3 Kern, Hal 152)
= 0,0791 ft x 342081,0712 Ib/hr ft2 / 2,299 Ib/ft hr
= 11769,7315
b. Pada Tube
Dik : Tavg = 151,47oF
= 1,176 x 10-2 = 0,01176 lb/fthr ............(Fig. 15 Kern, Hal. 825)
= 0,01176 x 2,42 = 0,0284 lb/fthr
Dt = 0,584 in ............................................(Tabel.10 Kern, Hal. 843)
= 0,584 in x 1 ft/12in = 0,0486 ft
Ret = Dt x Gt / .................................(Persamaan 7.3 Kern, Hal 152)
= 0,0486 ft x 301857,8856 Ib/hr ft2 / 0,0284 Ib/ft hr
= 516559,6211
7. FAKTOR PERPINDAHAN PANAS
a. Pada Shell
Res = 11769,7315
JH = 60 ......................................................................(Fig.28 Kern, hal.838)
b. Pada Tube
Ret = 516559,6211
L = 4264mm ...............................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
= 4,264 m / 0,0254 m/in = 167,8740 in x 0,0833 ft/in = 13,98 ft
D = 0,584 ft/12 = 0,0486 ft ...............................(Tabel.10 Kern, Hal.843)
L/D = 13,98 ft/0,0486 ft = 287,2602
jH = 550 ................................................................(Fig.24 Kern, Hal.834)
8. KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN PANAS
a. Pada Shell
tavg = 71,82 oF
c
= 1 BTU/lb oF ...................................................(Fig.4 Kern, Hal. 806)
k
= 0,3491 BTU/hrft oF ....................................(Table.4 Kern, Hal. 800)
Maka :
cx
( k
)1/3 ....................................................(Persamaan 6.15b Kern,
Hal.150)

93

=(

1 BTU
x 2,299lb /fthr
lbF
0,3491 BTU /fthrF

)1/3 = 1,8744

b. Pada Tube
Tavg = 151,47 oF
c
= 1,3077 BTU/lb oF
k
= 9,479 x 10-2 = 0,09479 BTU/hrft oF....(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
Maka :
cx
( k
)1/3 ....................................................(Persamaan 6.15b Kern,
Hal.150)
1,3077 BTU
x 0,0284 lb/fthr
lbF
=(
0,09479 BTU /fthrF

)1/3 = 0,7317

9. ho dan hio
a. Pada Shell
jH = 60 ......................................................................(Fig.28 Kern, hal.838)
k/Ds .........................................................(Persamaan 6.15b Kern, Hal.150)
= 0,3491 BTU/hrft oF/0,0791 ft
= 4,4134 BTU/hr oF
Maka :
k
c x 1/ 3
ho = jH x D x
s .........................(Persamaan 6.15 Kern,
k

( )

Hal.122)
ho
s = jH x
ho
s

k
D

cx
k

1/ 3

( )

= 60 x 4,4134 BTU/hr oF x 1,8744 = 496,3486 BTU/hr oF

b. Pada Tube
jH = 550 ...................................................................(Fig.24 Kern, Hal.834)
k/Dt .........................................................(Persamaan 6.15b Kern, Hal.150)
= 0,09479 BTU/hrft oF/0,0486 ft
=1,9504 BTU/hr oF
Maka :

94

hi = jH x

k
D

Hal.122)
hi
t = jH x
hi
t

k
D

cx
k

1/ 3

( )
x

t ..........................(Persamaan 6.15 Kern,

1/ 3

cx
k

( )

= 550 x 1,9504 BTU/hr oF x 0,7317

hi = 784,909224 BTU/hr oF

hio = hi x

ID
OD

.............................................(Persamaan 6.5 Kern, Hal.

105)

0,74803

= 784,909224 BTU/hr oF x 28, 9763

= 30404,88369 BTU/hr oF

10. CLEAN OVERALL COEFICIENT, Uc

BTU
BTU
30404,88369
x 496,3486
hio x ho
hrF
hrF
Uc = hio +ho =
BTU
BTU
30404,88369
+ 496,3486
hrF
hrF

= 488,3760 ....

(Persamaan 6.38
Kern, Hal. 121)
11. DESIGN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, UD
Diketahui: OD = in ..........................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
BWG = 14 .........................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
a = 0,1963 ft2 / in ft ................................(Tabel.10 Kern, Hal.843)
L = 14 ft .............................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
Nt = 254/shell.....................................(Tabel Spesifikasi HE 116-C)
Maka:
A = a x L x Nt ..................................................................(Appendix Tabel.10)
= 0,1963 ft2/in ft x 14 ft x 254/shell
= 698,0428 ft2

95

Sehingga,
UD =
107)
=

Q
A x t

......................................................(Persamaan 6.11 Kern, Hal.

8002277,051 BTU /hr

698,0428 ft x 28,4037 F

= 403,6050 BTU/hrft2 oF
12. FAKTOR PENGOTOR, Rd
UcUD
Rd = Uc x UD .....................................................(Persamaan 6.13 Kern,
Hal. 108)
488,3760403,6050
= 488,3760 x 403,6050
= 0,00043 BTU/hrft2 oF
13. PRESSURE DROP
a. Pada shell
Res = 11769,7315
f
= 0,0012 ft2/in2 .................................................(Fig.29 Kern, Hal. 839)
s
= 1,0 ...........................................................(Tabel.6 Kern, Hal. 808)
f x Gs x L x n
Pt = 5,22 x 1010 x Ds x S x s .......................(Persamaan 7.45 Kern,
Hal. 148)
=

( 342081,0712)2 Ib 2
f t x 13,98 ft x 2
hr
10
5,22 x 10 x 0,0791 ft x 1 x 1

0,0012 ft / x

= 6,2505 psi/14,7 = 0,4252 kg/cm2

b. Pada tube
Ret = 187260,1244
f = 0,0013 ft2/in2 ...................................................(Fig.29 Kern, Hal.839)
Dt = ID/12 ...............................................................................(Kern, 1950)
= 28,9763/12
= 2,4146 ft
96

No of crosses
N + 1 = 12L/B .....................................(Persamaan 7.43 Kern, Hal 147)
= 12 x 13,98 ft/ 37,4999 in
= 4,4736
gas
s = water ............................................................................(Kern,

1950)
15,48 kg /m
=
1 kg /m
= 15,48 kg /m
15,48 kg /m
s = 62,5 kg /m

PT =

= 0,2476

f x > x Dt x (N +1)
5,22 x 1010 x Dt x S x s

..............................(Persamaan 7.44 Kern,

Hal.147)
=

( 301857,8856 )2 Ib 2
0,0013 ft / x
f t x 2,4146 ft x 4,4736
hr
10
5,22 x 10 x 0,0486 ft x 0,2476 x 1

= 2,0370 psi
= 0,1385 kg/cm2
14. EFISIENSI KERJA HE
Panas yang diserap (Qt)
= Panas yang dilepas(Qs)
=

8002277,031
8920693,44

x 100%

x 100%

= 89,70%
15. PLUG ALLOWANCE
Surface area design yang tersedia (Ad) = 125 m2 x 10,764 ft2 =1343,25 ft2
Surface area actual yang dibutuhkan (Aa) = 698,0428 ft2
Jumlah tube per surface area design (ntd) = 254/shell

97

Jumlah tube per surface area actual (nta) =

=

Aa x xntd
Ad
698,0428 ft 2 x 254 /shell
1343,25 ft 2

= 131,98 /shell
% Over Design =
=

Luas area yang dibutuhkan

Luas area yang tersedia
698,0428 ft 2
1343,25 ft 2

= 51,96%
Jumlah tube yang dapat di plug = 254 131,98
= 122

98