Cheat Sheet

Vector Calculus
Change of Variables
G(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v))

x
x
(x, y)
x y
x y

v =
Jac(G) = u
=
y
y
u

(u, v)
u v
v u
v
For F = G1 , Jac(G) = Jac(F )1 .
CoV Formula: If G : D0 D is injective and both
Conservative Vector Fields

Path-independent vector field:
Z
Z
~ d~s =
~ d~s
F
F
~
c1
~
c2
for any two paths ~c1 and ~c2 in D from P to Q.

Z
~ = V ,
~ ~s = V (Q) V (P ).
If F
F
~
c
I
~ d~s = 0.
If ~c is a closed path then
F
~
c
x and y have continuous partial derivatives then for

continuous f :
ZZ
ZZ
f (x, y)dxdy =
D0
If the domain D is small then for a point P :

Area(G(D)) |Jac(G)(P )| Area(D)
G(u, v, w) = (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w))

x
x
x
u
v
w
(x, y, z)
y
y
y
Jac(G) = u
=
v
w
z
(u,
v, w)
z
z

u
v
w

x y z
y z
x y z
y z
Jac(G) =
u v w
w v
v u v
v u

x y z
y z
+
w u v
v u
dxdydz = |Jac(G)| dudvdw
Line Integrals
Scalar line integral:
Z
Z b
f (x, y, z)ds =
f (~c(t))k~c 0 (t)kdt
C
Vector line integral:

Z
Z
Z

~ d~s =
~ T~ ds =
F
F
~ (~c(t)) ~c 0 (t)dt
F
C
C
a
Z
~ d~s
F
Work exerted on an object: W =
C
Z
~ d~s
Work against a force: W =
F
C
Vector differential in vector line integrand.

Arc length differential in scalar line integrand.
F2
F1
x
y
If D denotes the boundary of D with its boundary

orientation, then
I
I
~ d~s =
F
D
~ d~s + . . . +
F
D1
~ d~s
F
Dn

F2
F1
dA
x
y
D
D

ZZ
I
F2
F1
F1 dx + F2 dy =
dA.
x
y
D
D
I
~ d~s =
F
ZZ
In two dimensions:
F1
F2
=
y
x
For a sufficiently small D with boundary C and P D

I
~ )(P )Area(D).
F1 dx + F2 dy curlz (F
C
In three dimensions:
F2 F2
F3 F3
F1
F1
=
,
=
,
=
y
x
z
y
x
z
In three dimensions:
~) =
curlz (F
For a region D within a closed curve C

I
1
Area(D) =
xdy ydx.
2 C
Test For Conservative Vector Field

f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) |Jac(G)| dudv
dxdy = |Jac(G)| dudv
Greens Theorem
2
2 ~
~ = 0.
+
; F is harmonic if F
x2
y 2
Stokes Theorem
Surface Integrals
G(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v))

x y z
G
=
,
,
T~u =
u
u u u

G
y z
x
T~v =
=
,
,
v
v v v
~
n(u, v) = T~u T~v
Area(S) k~
n(u0 , v0 )kAreaD
ZZ
Area(S) =
k~
n(u, v)kdudv
D
ZZ
ZZ
f (x, y, z)dS =
f (G(u, v))k~
n(u, v)kdudv
S
Cylinder: G(, z) = (R cos(), R sin(), z)

Sphere: G(, ) = (R cos() sin(), R sin() sin(), R cos())
ZZ
ZZ
n

X
~ ~en )i
(F
~ dS
~=
~ ~en dS
F
F
n
S
S
i=1
ZZ
ZZ
~ dS
~=
~ (G(u, v)) ~
F
F
n(u, v)dudv
S
~
n(u, v)
~~n = F (G(u, v)) ~
F
k~
n(u, v)k
Dx y zE
~er =
, ,
= hcos() sin(), sin() sin(), cos()i
r r r
~ = hF1 , F2 , F3 i
F

~) = F
~ = F3 F2 , F1 F3 , F2 F1
curl(F
y
z z
x x
y
I
ZZ
~
~
~
F d~s =
curl(F ) dS
S
~ = curl(A)
~ then the flux of F
~ through S is given by
If F
ZZ
I
~ dS
~=
~ d~s.
F
A
S
For a simple closed curve C around a point P in a plane

through the point P with an enclosed region D and unit
normal vector ~en then
I

~ d~s curl(F
~ )(P ) ~en Area(D).
F
C
Divergence Theorem
~) = F
~ = F1 + F2 + F3
div(F
x
y
z
ZZ
ZZZ
~ dS
~=
~ )dV
F
div(F
S
Flow rate across a surface S enclosing a region W is

ZZZ
~ )dV div(F
~ )(P )Vol(W ) for small S.
div(F
W
Divergence Theorem
Quadric Surfaces
sin(x + y) = sin(x) cos(y) + cos(x) sin(y)
~ )(P ) > 0 = net outflow creation of fluid near P

div(F

Ellipsoid:
~ )(P ) < 0 = net inflow destruction of fluid near P

div(F
~ )(P ) < 0 = source density of the field
div(F
~ ) = 0 everywhere, F
~ is incompressible.
If div(F
~i-sq = ~er .
Inverse-square vector field F
r2

ZZ
4
if
S encloses the region
~i-sq dS
~=
F
0
if S does not enclose the region
S
ZZ
~ dS
~ = total charge enclosed by S
E
0
S
Uniformly charged sphere with total charge Q, radius R,
and distance from electric field to origin r :
(
Q
if r > R
~ =
40 r 2
E
0
if r < R

Hyperboloid 1:

Hyperboloid 2:
xa
p
2
xa
p
2
xa
p
2

+

+

yb
q
2
yb
q
2
yb
q
2

+

+
zc
r
2
zc
r
2
zc
r
2
sin(x y) = sin(x) cos(y) cos(x) sin(y)
=1
cos(x + y) = cos(x) cos(y) sin(x) sin(y)

cos(x y) = cos(x) cos(y) + sin(x) sin(y)
=1
2 sin(x) cos(y) = sin(x + y) + sin(x + y)
=1
2 sin(x) sin(y) = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

xa 2
yb 2
zc 2
Elliptic Cone:
+
=0
p
q
r
2
2

yb
zc
xa
+
=0
E Paraboloid:
p
q
r

2
2

xa
yb
zc
H Paraboloid:
+
=0
p
q
r

2 cos(x) cos(y) = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)

2 cos(x) sin(y) = sin(x + y) sin(x y)
sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x)
tan(2x) =
Z
Constants a, b, c represent the center.

Obtain the intercepts for variables by setting others to zero.
sin(x)dx = cos(x)
Z
~ =0
div(B)
~
~ = B
curl(E)
t
~
~ = 0 0 E
curl(B)
t
Wave equation: =
~ = 0 0
E
(f g)0 (x) =
(f g)0 (x) =
(sin(x))0 =
(cos(x))0 =
(tan(x))0 =
(csc(x))0 =
(sec(x))0 =
(cot(x))0 =
(sin1 (x))0 =
(cos1 (x))0 =
1 2
2
2
2
; =
+
+
2
2
2
2
c t
x
y
z 2
~
2E
t2
(tan1 (x))0 =
(sec1 (x))0 =
(csc1 (x))0 =
(cot1 (x))0 =
Identities
For a sphere centered at the origin:
~
n = R2 sin() hcos() sin(), sin() sin(), cos()i .
Directional derivative of unit normal vector:
~
D~en = dS.
cos(x)dx = sin(x)
dv
v du
u dx
dx
)0 =
(u
v
~ =0
div(E)
xn+1
+c
n+1
~ )) = 0.
curl((f )) = ~0 and div(curl(F
Maxwell Equations
xn dx =
2 tan(x)
1 tan2 (x)
1 cos(2x)
2
1 + cos(2x)
2
cos (x) =
2
sin2 (x) =
v2
f 0 (x)g(x) + g 0 (x)f (x)

f 0 (g(x))g 0 (x)
cos(x)
sin(x)
sec2 (x)
csc(x) cot(x)
sec(x) tan(x)
csc2 (x)
1
1 x2
1
1 x2
1
1 + x2
1
|x| x2 1
1
|x| x2 1
1
1 + x2
tan(x)dx = ln |sec(x)|
Z
sec(x)dx = ln |sec(x) + tan(x)|
Z
csc(x)dx = ln |csc(x) cot(x)|
Z
cot(x)dx = ln |sin(x)|
csc2 (x)dx = cot(x)
sinn (x)dx =
cosn (x)dx =
tann (x)dx =
sinm (x) cosn (x)dx =

+
Trigonometric Identities
sin2 () + cos2 () = 1
secn (x)dx =
cscn (x)dx =
cotn (x)dx =
sin() = sin()
1 + tan2 () = sec2 ()
2
1 + cot () = csc ()
cos() = cos()
tan() = tan()
Z
n1
sinn1 (x) cos(x)
+
sinn2 (x)dx
n
n
Z
cosn1 (x) sin(x)
n1
+
cosn2 (x)dx
n
n
Z
tanm1 (x)
tanm2 (x)dx
m1
sinm+1 (x) cosn1 (x)
m+n
Z
n1
sinm (x) cosn2 (x)dx
m+n
Z
tan(x) secn2 (x)
n2
+
secn2 (x)dx
n1
n1
Z
cot(x) cscn2 (x)
n2
cscn2 (x)dx
n1
n1
Z
cotn1 (x)
cotn2 (x)dx
n1

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Vector Calculus

Conservative Vector Fields

for any two paths ~c1 and ~c2 in D from P to Q.

x and y have continuous partial derivatives then for

If the domain D is small then for a point P :

G(u, v, w) = (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w))

Vector line integral:

Vector differential in vector line integrand.

If D denotes the boundary of D with its boundary

For a sufficiently small D with boundary C and P D

For a region D within a closed curve C

Test For Conservative Vector Field

dxdy = |Jac(G)| dudv

Cylinder: G(, z) = (R cos(), R sin(), z)

For a simple closed curve C around a point P in a plane

Flow rate across a surface S enclosing a region W is

~ )(P ) > 0 = net outflow creation of fluid near P

~ )(P ) < 0 = net inflow destruction of fluid near P

sin(x y) = sin(x) cos(y) cos(x) sin(y)

cos(x + y) = cos(x) cos(y) sin(x) sin(y)

2 sin(x) cos(y) = sin(x + y) + sin(x + y)

2 sin(x) sin(y) = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

2 cos(x) cos(y) = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)

Constants a, b, c represent the center.

f 0 (x)g(x) + g 0 (x)f (x)

csc2 (x)dx = cot(x)

sinm (x) cosn (x)dx =

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