Urban Environments pp1
Urban Environments pp1
Urban Environments pp1
Main case-studies
Shanghai
London
Dhaka
Define Urbanisation
Urbanisation or urbanization is
the growth of urban areas population
as a result of rural migration and
even suburban concentration into
cities, particularly the very largest
ones.
HOW DOES THIS DIFFER FROM
URBAN GROWTH?
WHY DOES IT TAKE PLACE?
Urbanisation
Growth in the percentage of the
population living in urban areas
Urban Growth
Growth in the size of cities
Combination of
Natural increase and
Rural to Urban
migration.
Dhaka Bangladesh
1950 417,000
1975 2.1 million
2000 12.5 million
2015 - 22.7 million
Counter-urbanisation
Re-urbanisation
Suburb
Suburbanisation
Urban Sprawl
Megacity
500
Different forces
Urbanisation rates are therefore
much higher in LEDCs (and NICs)
than MEDCs, for many reasons
MEDCs main urbanisation was during
the period of the industrial revolution
There are different forces
centripetal and centrifugal
Mumbai - India
TASK
Discuss in what ways may
urbanisation differ in ELDCs and
EMDCs?
Questions page 502
Consequences
There are differing growth rates in
LEDCs and MEDCs
Both suffer from different problems
because of this
Discuss what they may be
LEDCs Centripetal
movements
Huge growth
Shanty towns
Population structures
Employment
Primate cities
Megacities intro
http://
www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jan/28/china-pearl-rive
r-delta-overtake-tokyo-world-largest-megacity-urban-are
a
Read pages 507-508; qs page 508
Slumming It
Implications of urbanisation in
LEDCs and NICs
Urbanisation is most rapid in LEDCs and NICs because
of high natural increase and rural to urban migration.
Dont forget there are many large cities in the world of
over 2 or 3 million inhabitants.
These cities face the same problems that cities in
MEDCs faced in the nineteenth century. BUT they are not
in the same position that the UK was to face the
challenge.
Squatter Settlements
Residential areas which have developed without legal
claims to the land and/or permission from the concerned
authorities to build; as a result of their illegal or semi-legal
status, infrastructure and services are usually inadequate.
30% of the urban population of the world live in squatter
settlements. 1 billion people!
http://www.ted.com/talks/robert_neuwirth_on_our_shadow_
cities.html
This animation shows how squatter settlements are
upgraded over time.
http://www.sln.org.uk/geography/geoweb/blowmedown/shanty05.swf
No
investment
Low
output
MEDCs
Main terms:
Urban Decay
Urban renewal
Gentrification
Counter urbanisation
Suburbanisation, urban sprawl, re-urbanisation
Decentralisation
Exurbanisation
Urban blight
Conurbation
Urban village
511-521
MEDCs Centifugal
Movements
Slower growth rates
Urban decay
Inward (centripetal) movement
Urban renewal/ gentrification
Counter-urbanisation
People move to satellite settlements within the
citys sphere of influence
Increased numbers of people commuting to
work in the city
Increased car use
Transport triangle becomes bigger
Rural areas become suburbanised
Rural areas can become commuter /dormitory
settlements
Rural areas within a citys sphere of influence
can develop
Re-urbanisation
Cities become centres of consumption
Gentrification Richer people moving into
poorer areas
Run-down derelict parts of cities can be
redeveloped
Increased economic activity within cities
Cities reinvent themselves as exciting vibrant
places to live
Suburbanisation
Urban sprawl
Separate smaller settlements merge into larger
multi-centric conurbations
Pressure on rural/urban fringe
Increased segregation
A vicious circle of decline in inner city areas.
Donut cities
MEDCs
Main problems/ issues resulting from
these?
Questions 1,2,3,5,11,16 page 521