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    Agitation & Mixing of Fluids

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    markbene69
    The document discusses agitation and mixing of fluids. It describes the purposes of agitation as intensifying transport processes and preparing materials with required properties. Some examples of industrial applications are provided. The main methods of mixing fluids are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and pipeline mixing. Details are given on equipment design, power consumption characteristics, blending efficiency, and mixing of suspensions for various impeller types. Selection of an impeller for a given mixing task should consider the impeller's energy requirements to achieve the desired degree of mixing within the available vessel geometry.

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    Agitation & Mixing of Fluids

    Uploaded by

    markbene69
    179 views20 pages
    The document discusses agitation and mixing of fluids. It describes the purposes of agitation as intensifying transport processes and preparing materials with required properties. Some examples of industrial applications are provided. The main methods of mixing fluids are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and pipeline mixing. Details are given on equipment design, power consumption characteristics, blending efficiency, and mixing of suspensions for various impeller types. Selection of an impeller for a given mixing task should consider the impeller's energy requirements to achieve the desired degree of mixing within the available vessel geometry.

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    Purpose of agitation and industrial applications

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    The document discusses agitation and mixing of fluids. It describes the purposes of agitation as intensifying transport processes and preparing materials with required properties. Some examples of industrial applications are provided. The main methods of mixing fluids are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and pipeline mixing. Details are given on equipment design, power consumption characteristics, blending efficiency, and mixing of suspensions for various impeller types. Selection of an impeller for a given mixing task should consider the impeller's energy requirements to achieve the desired degree of mixing within the available vessel geometry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    179 views20 pages

    Agitation & Mixing of Fluids

    Uploaded by

    markbene69
    The document discusses agitation and mixing of fluids. It describes the purposes of agitation as intensifying transport processes and preparing materials with required properties. Some examples of industrial applications are provided. The main methods of mixing fluids are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and pipeline mixing. Details are given on equipment design, power consumption characteristics, blending efficiency, and mixing of suspensions for various impeller types. Selection of an impeller for a given mixing task should consider the impeller's energy requirements to achieve the desired degree of mixing within the available vessel geometry.

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    of 20

    AGITATION AND MIXING OF

    FLUIDS
    Purpose of agitation:
    intensification of transport processes in agitated batch (heat and mass transfer)
    preparation of materials of required properties (suspension, emulsion)
    Examples of industrial applications:
    blending of two miscible liquids as ethyl alcohol and water
    dissolving solids in liquids, such as salt in water
    dispersing a gas in a liquid as fine bubbles, such as oxygen from
    air in a suspension of microorganisms for fermentation or for the
    activated sludge process in waste treatment
    liquid-liquid dispersion, such as dispersion of pigment in solvents
    suspending of fine solid particles in a liquid, as in catalytic
    hydrogenation of a liquid
    agitation of the fluid to increase heat tranfer between the fluid and
    a coil or jacket in the vessel wall

    Method of mixing fluids


    mechanical mixing (rotating, vibrating)
    hydraulic mixing
    pneumatic mixing
    pipeline mixing (turbulent flow, static mixer)

    A mechanical mixing using


    turbines
    B mechanical mixing using
    blade impellers
    C hydraulic mixing
    D pneumatic mixing with
    stationary inputs
    E pneumatic mixing with
    automatic regulation
    F hydraulic mixing with
    antifoaming shower

    Pipeline mixing Reynolds experiments

    Paul, E. L., Atiemo-Obeng, V. A., Kresta, S. M.:


    Handbook of industrial mixing: science and
    practice. Canada: Wiley-Interscience, 2003,
    1377 p. ISBN 0-471-26919-0

    Flow in agitated batch

    a axial-flow pattern, baffled vessel, b radial-flow pattern, baffled vessel,


    c tangential-flow pattern, unbaffled vessel

    Equipment for mechanical mixing


    Design layout of mixing equipments

    A Centrally placed impeller in bafled vessel, B Side-entring propeller, C Agitator


    with draught tube
    Mechanical seal

    A Equipment with a drive at the top, B Equipment with a drive at the bottom

    Design layout of agitators


    Close clearance agitator

    High-speed impeller

    Maine type of close clearance agitators


    No.

    Layout of agitator

    Name

    Anchor (paddle)
    agitator
    CVS 69 1014

    Helical-screw agitator
    with draught tube
    CVS 69 1028

    T/d

    Geometrical
    parameters

    1,11

    hv / d 0,8
    h / d 0,12
    H 2 / d 0,055

    hv / d 1,5
    s/d 1
    D/ d 1,1
    H / D 1,15

    hv / d 1,5

    Eccentrically placed
    helical-screw agitator

    H 2 / d 0,25
    s/d 1
    c / T 0,02

    T/d

    Geometrical
    parameters

    Helical-ribbon
    agitator
    CVS 69 1029

    1,05

    hv / d 1
    s/d 1
    h / d 0,1

    Leaf agitator
    CVS 69 1016

    h/d 1

    h / d 0,2
    hv / d 1,65
    45
    45
    c / T 0,02
    H 2 / d 0,175

    No.

    Layout of agitator

    Name

    Multi-stage agitator

    Main type of high-speed impellers


    T/d

    Geometrical
    parameters

    Six-blade turbine
    with disk (Ruschton
    turbine)
    CVS 69 1021

    34

    h / d 0,2
    1 / d 0,25
    d1 / d 0,75
    6 blades

    Six-blade open
    turbine

    34

    h / d 0,2
    6 blades

    Pitched six-blade
    turbine with pitch
    angle 45
    CVS 69 1020

    34

    h / d 0,20
    45

    No.

    Layout of impeller

    Name

    No.

    Layout of impeller

    Name

    T/d

    Geometrical
    parameters

    Pitched three-blade
    turbine with pitch
    angle 45
    CVS 69 1025.3

    34

    h / d 0,2
    45

    34

    s/d 1
    h / d 0,22
    R / d 0,4
    R1 / R 0,16

    Propeller
    CVS 69 1019

    High shear stress


    impeller
    CVS 69 1038.1, .2

    24

    1st variant
    h / d 0,1
    d 2 / d 0,8
    2nd variant
    h / d 0,075
    d 2 / d 0,85

    Characteristics of mixing system


    Power consumption of agitator

    P
    Po
    n3d 5
    creeping
    flow

    Po f Re
    transition
    zone of flow

    Re

    nd 2

    turbulent
    flow

    Po B const.
    A
    Po
    Re

    baffled
    vessel
    unbaffled
    vessel

    Power characteristics of close clearance agitators

    1 anchor agitator (CVS 69 1014), 2 helical-screw agitator with draught tube (CVS
    69 1028), 3 eccentrically placed helical-screw agitator, 4 helical-ribbon agitator
    (CVS 69 1029), 5 leaf agitator (CVS 60 1016), 6 multi-stage agitator

    Power characteristics of high-speed impellers operated in baffled vessel

    1 six-blade turbine with disk (Ruschton turbine) (CVS 69 1021), 2 six-blade open
    turbine, 3 pitched six-blade turbine with pitch angle 45 (CVS 69 1020),
    4 Pitched three-blade turbine with pitch angle 45 (CVS 69 1025.3), 5 propeller
    (CVS 60 1019), 6a,b high shear stress impeller (CVS 69 1038.1.2)

    Blending effect of agitator


    During homogenization (or blending) of miscible liquids are compensated temperature and
    concentration differences in agitated batch.

    Homogenization of miscible liquids: due to recirculation flow (convective diffusion)


    due to turbulent flow (turbulent diffusion)
    due to molecular diffusion

    t n t m f Re

    t n t m konst.
    t n t m konst.

    Homogenization characteristics of agitators

    t n t m f Re

    1 helical-screw agitator with draught tub (CVS 69 1028), 2 eccentrically placed


    helical-screw agitator, 3 helical-ribbon agitator (CVS 69 1029), 4 eccentrically
    placed multi-stage agitator, 5 anchor agitator (CVS 69 1014), 6 six-blade turbine
    with disk (Ruschton turbine) (CVS 69 1021)

    E P tm

    1 roubov mchadlo (CVS 69 1028), 2 roubov mchadlo umstn excentricky,


    3 psov mchadlo (CVS 69 1029), 4 tynsobn lopatkov mchadlo umstn
    excentricky, 5 kotvov mchadlo (CVS 69 1014), 6 turbnov mchadlo (CVS 69
    1021), 7 estilopatkov mchadlo (CVS 69 1020), 8 tlopatkov mchadlo (CVS
    69 1025.3)

    Impellers for dispersing of gas in liquid

    Impeller power consumption for gas liquid dispersing

    Vg
    f 3
    nd
    P

    Pg

    Mixing of suspension

    Impeller power consumption for mixing of suspension

    P
    Po
    su n3d 5

    Po f Re
    su cv s 1 cv l

    Re

    nd 2 su

    Just-suspended impeller speed

    n2d
    Fr
    g

    Fr C
    T

    C A exp B cv

    c cv

    10

    cv
    0,025
    0,05
    0,1

    Fr'

    0,15
    1

    0,1
    0,0001

    0,2

    0,001

    0,01

    D/T

    0,1

    EXAMPLE: Blending efficiency of impellers


    Select type of high-speed impeller with minimum energetic requirements
    for continual blending (homogenization) of two miscible liquids A + B ( = 5
    mPas, = 1100 kgm-3) with flow rate of mixture 10 ls-1. For suitable degree
    of homogenization must be residence time of liquids in equipment 5 x longer
    than blending time. Mixing equipment has standard geometrical configuration
    (baffled cylindrical vessel with diameter T = 1200 mm, T/d = 3.3; H2/d = 1, H/T
    = 1 ).

    Dimensionless blending time of high-speed impellers in turbulent flow regime


    Type of impeller
    Six-blade turbine with disk (Ruschton
    turbine), CVS 69 1021
    Pitched six-blade turbine with pitch
    angle 45, CVS 69 1020
    Pitched three-blade turbine with pitch
    angle 45, CVS 69 1025.3

    T/d

    H2/d

    ntm

    3.3

    51.8

    3.3

    53.1

    3.3

    60.5

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