WELCOME

Stealth technology

By
BIPIN KUMAR SINGH
USN:3KB03IT037
IT DEPT KBNCE
 Introduction
 Stealth technology also known as low observable
technology.
 It provides the range of technique used in aircrafts ,
missiles , ships and submarines in order to make
them less visible [ideally invisible] to radar ,
infrared , sonar and other detection methods.
 Stealth technology greatly reduces the distance at
which a vehicle can be detected.
History of stealth
 With the advent of radar technology in second world
war efforts were made to make radar detection in-
effective.
 Germans were to work on stealth technology.
 The developed the anti-absorbent paint though its
application was limited to submarines as it made
aircraft too heavy.
 Experimental bomber yb- 49 flying wing paved the
way for united states when it was not detected by radar
for a period of time
Best spy bombers till date
 Night hawk  Sea shadow
What’s the need for stealth?

 The rapid improvement of detection techniques like

radar, sonar since 1930’s and 1940’s
 To reduce the causalities during war.
 More importantly strategic importance by countries
to develop radar –aided anti detection systems in
aircrafts missiles submariens.
The term signature of a vehicle?
 The signature can be stated as any activity or
radiation or characteristic of the body that help to
revile its presence at a particular point.
 Observability of an object on detection system can
b called as signature of vehicle.
 All detection methods used either in military or
civil applications use signature of body as reference
to detect that object.
Signatures and applications where such signature are detected

 visible signature :-predominantly for land vehicles ,

aircrafts and ships.
 Infrared signature:-aircrafts ,missiles ,ships land
vehicles ,submarines.
 Acoustic signature:-predominantly for ships and
submarines.
 Plasma signature :-predominantly for land vehicles
and aircrafts.
 Awct :- predominantly for ships…
 What is radar?

 Radar is abbreviated as radio detection and ranging

 Radar was developed for war application , now its
applications had diversified .
 This is used to launch the missiles based on the target and
also counter attack the missiles launched by other
countries.
 Radio energy is transmitted by radar antenna in all
direction in form of pulses
 The object blocking these pulses act as target .
 Gaps in pulses allows radar to act as receiver as well.
What is radar?
Principles of radar
 Echo  Doppler shift
 Echo can be  This is second
considered as a wave principle of radar.
bouncing off the  This can b used to
surface and coming detect the speed of
back to source. target approaching..
 This principle can be
used to detect time
and distance of target .
Radar cross section(rcs )
 Radar cross section is the measure of a targets
ability to reflect radar signals in the direction of the
radar reciever i.e per unit solid angle.
 The conceptual definition of rcs includes the fact
that not all of the radiating energy falls on the
target .
Rcs
 The rcs is easily visualized as product of three
factors.
 Rcs (⌐)=projected cross section
*reflectivity*directivity.
 reflectivity=the percentage of power
reradiated(scattered) by the target .
 Directivity=the ratio of power scattered back in
radar direction.
 RADIATION SCATTERING BY
TARGET
•The sphere is essentially
same in almost all directions
i.e. 360 degree

The flat plane has has almost

•

no rcs except when aligned

directly towards radar i.e. 90
degree

The corner reflector has an rcs

•

almost high as flat plane over

a wider angle i.e. 60 degree.
Minimizing Rcs

GEOMETRIC DESIGN RADAR ABSORBENT MATERIALS

 Conventional aircraft use  Metallic surfaces generally reflect

round shape cone as it support the radar signals.
principle of aerodynamics.  There stealth aircraft should be
coated with radar absorbent
 The stealth aircraft is made up materials.
of flat surface and very sharp  Which deflect and absorbed
edges incoming radar waves and reduce
 Radar signal heating the the detection range.
stealth plane are scattered in  Radar absorbent layer is present
all directions by this. below the surface coating of
aircraft using corner reflector.
Minimizing Rcs
GEOMETRIC DESIGN RADAR ABSORBENT MATERIALS
 Visual stealth
 Low visibility is desirable for all military
applications
 Earlier stealth aircraft were painted black and thus
could be used during nights
 Now days an electro chromic polymer is being
developed for daytime stealth
 These polymer sheets sense nature of the
surrounding and change there color accordingly
Visual stealth
Infra-red stealth
 Infra-red radiation are emitted by all matter above
absolute temperature zero
 Hot zones such as engine exhaust , wing surface
[ friction due to air ] get heated which rather
increases the visibility
 These part should be kept cool as possible it can
be ,
 Option would be mixing of cool air with the hot
engine exhaust
Infra-red stealth
Acoustic stealth
 Acoustic cells involves the sound waves to detect
the target
 Knowing the fact that’s sound waves moves too
slowly as compared to radio wave so it
functionality should be directed towards low
altitude flying aircraft and pre-dominantly ships
and submarines
Detection of submarines using acoustic stealth

 Thermo cline is a layer of water where the

temperature gradient is less then the surface and
more then the depth.
 Submarines generally move below thermo cline
layer which makes almost difficult for sonar to
detect it as sound waves get scattered towards
depth
 if the surface ship wishes to detect a submarine
then the ships has to be fitted with towed sonar
Detection of submarines using acoustic stealth
Plasma stealth

In this stealth the

aircraft injects a
stream of ionized
gas which envelopes
the aircraft due to
which most of the
radar wave are
observe this make
the aircraft
completely invisible
 AWCT [ adoptive water curtain technology ]

•This technology is to reduce

surface ships vulner ability to
rcs , infrared signature and visual
signature reduction
•Rcs reduction elements are
generally implemented in ships to
further reduce the remaining rcs
AWCT is used

In which a water curtain is

•

developed around the ships called

as Clutter
Advantages of stealth
 Reduces the causality rates during war
 Saving military budget
 Develop the military secretes
 Bluff the anti-detective device
Issues with stealth
 Stealth aircraft cannot fly as fast as conventional
aircraft
 Can carry limited amount of load
 Very economic B-2 cost [ $2 billion ] ,F-22 [$100
million ]
 Wing shape doesnot provide the optimum the lift
conclusion
 Well to conclude the current scenario appears some
things similar to the cold war both sides are
accumulating weapons to counter each other and
each side can be termed as ‘stealth technology’ and
the other as ‘anti-stealth technology’.
 Its an arm race except it isn’t between specific
countries .
Thank you………
 ANY QUESTION…??