Unit 3 Study Guide Chem 1 Key

Chemistry 1
Name _______KEY_____________
Unit 3 Study Guide Electrons & Ionic Bonds
Period _____ Date ______________
Unit 1 Periodic Table Retest
THIS COMPLETED STUDY GUIDE IS DUE 12/16/15 AS PART OF THE UNIT 3 PACKET.
ALT 3 LT3a Flame Tests and Electron Structure

What evidence is there that certain atoms are present in a compound?
Why do elements in the same group in the periodic table have similar properties?
Key Vocabulary: Know the following terms from Unit 3 Introduction handout.
Core electron (p. 93):
Valence electron (p. 93):
Electron configuration (p. 118):
Valence shell (p. 93):
Flame Test (p. 88):
Answer these review questions using your handouts, notes, and the text book.
___ 1. Use Data Table 1 to determine the flame color produced in a flame test for
copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)
Compound
Flame color
Ba(NO3)2
Green
Cu(NO3)2
Blue-green
CaCl2
Orange
A. Blue
B. Orange
C. Green
D. Blue-green
2. When you test sodium chloride in the flame of a Bunsen burner, the flame turns yellow-orange.
Explain the process that is responsible for the flame color. Refer to diagram on p. 88 in text.
Nas electrons are arrayed at average distances from the nucleus as shown above. They
absorb energy from the flame and the excited electrons jump out to a higher energy level.
They emit yellow-orange light when they drop back to their starting point.
Big Idea: The arrangement of atoms in the periodic table reflects the arrangement of electrons in
the atom.
3. For the main group elements, explain how to use the periodic table to determine the number of
valence electrons.
For main group elements, the group number equals the number of valence electrons. For
example, the alkali metals in group 1A each have 1 valence electron.
4. For a main group element, explain how to use the periodic table to determine how many electron
shells to include in its shell model.
For main group elements, the period number equals the number of energy shells around
the nucleus. For example, the elements in period 2 all have electrons in two shells.
5. Apply your knowledge of electron configurations and the periodic table to fill in the following
information for the elements listed.
Elemen
# core
t
# total
# valence electron # of electron
Symbol
Element Name
electrons electrons
s
shells
Li
Lithium
3
1
2
2
Na
Sodium
11
1
10
3
Be
Beryllium
4
2
2
2
Sr
strontium
38
2
36
5
N
Nitrogen
7
5
2
2
P
Phosphorus
15
5
10
3
O
Oxygen
8
6
2
2
S
Sulfur
16
6
10
3
F
Fluorine
9
7
2
2
Cl
Chlorine
17
7
10
3
6. Steps for Drawing Shell Models of Atoms.
a) Draw the nucleus and write in the correct number of protons. [Atomic number = # protons]
b) Use the period # to decide how many electron shells to draw around it.
c) Draw in the electrons until you have the total number of core and valence electrons.
Shell #1 holds 2 electrons (closest to the nucleus!)
Shell #2 holds up to 8 electrons.
Shell #3 can hold up to 18 but for elements atomic number 1-18 it holds up to 8 electrons.
Shell #4 can hold up to 32 but for elements atomic number 19-36 it is the valence shell and
holds up to 8
Draw a Shell Model of Beryllium (Be)
Draw a shell model of Chlorine
For Fluorine
removed 3 energy shell and 1 electron from 2nd
energy shell.
rd
7. Read the summary on p. 94 of the text book. Why do elements in the same group tend to have similar
properties?
Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and this determines
their physical and chemical properties.
ALT 3 LT3b Ionic Bonds

How is chemical stability related to the arrangement of electrons in atoms?
Key Vocabulary: Know the following terms from Unit 3 Introduction handout.
Ion (p. 97): atom that has lost or gained
Ionic compound (p. 101): form between a
electrons and has a + or charge.
metal element and a nonmetal element. Ionic
compounds form when valence electrons are
Anion (p. 97): negatively charged ion.
transferred between atoms.
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons and form
Rule of zero charge (p. 102): When a metal
anions.
and a nonmetal atom bond, they form a
Cation (p. 97): positively charged ion.
compound with an overall zero charge.
Metals tend to lose electrons and form
Monoatomic ion (p.111) mono means one. A
cations.
monoatomic ion is formed from one element
8. Fill in the blanks in the table
Metal
Elements
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
Sr
Rb
Al
Ga
In
Group #
1A
1A
1A
2A
2A
2A
2A
3A
3A
3A
# Valence
electrons
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
Ionic
charge
1+
1+
1+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
3+
3+
Non
Metal
Elements
N
P
O
S
Se
F
Cl
Br
I
Ne
Group #
5A
5A
6A
6A
6A
7A
7A
7A
7A
8A
#
Valence
electrons
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
Ionic
charge
332221111No ion
9. Draw shell models for sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) and include arrows that show the transfer of
electrons so that each atom in the compound has the same electron arrangement as a Noble gas. [p. 98]
10. In most ionic compounds, how many electrons does each ion have in its valence shell?
A. eight electrons
C. a number equal to its atomic number
B. either two electrons or eight electrons*
D. a number equal to its mass number
*Noble Gas configurations!
11. For the following pairs of elements, apply the rule of zero charge to predict their formula. Write the
name of each compound.
Li and I
Al and O
Sr and Cl
K and P
Formula
LiI
Al2O3
SrCl2
K3P
Name
Lithium Iodide
Aluminum oxide
Strontium chloride
Potassium phosphide
Retest ALT 1 LT1.c Periodic Table Patterns + New Patterns from Unit 3
Vocabulary: Know these key terms for the Periodic table.
Group (p.46 )
Alkali Metals (p. 46)
Period (p. 46)
Alkaline Earth Metals (p. 46)
Main group elements (p. 46)
Halogens (p. 46)
Transition elements (p. 46)
Noble gases (p. 46)
12. Label the periodic table using the vocabulary words above.
halogens
Groups are elements in the same column
Noble gases
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition metals
Each row is a period.

Each column is a group.
Main group elements are
the 2 groups and 6 groups on
either side of the transition
metals in the middle.
13. Which of the following are nonmetals? Circle all that apply.
Boron (B)
Calcium (Ca)
Copper (Cu)
Selenium (Se)
Carbon (C)
Cobalt (Co)
Radon (Rn)
Thallium (Tl)
14. What is the pattern in valence electrons across the 2nd period main group elements?
For the main group elements, valence electrons increase by one across a period.
15. What is the pattern of valence electrons down one of the main groups?
Valence electrons are the same as the group number down a main group.
16. Why do you think the Group 1A Alkali Metals and Group 7A Halogens are the most reactive
elements on the periodic table? Hint: It has to do with valence electrons and the octet rule.
Group 1A metals and Group 7A halogens are just 1 valence electron away from
having a Noble gas configuration in the valence shell therefore they are highly
reactive. For example, Lithium can lose its valence electron from shell 2 to look
like He. Fluorine can add 1 valence electron in shell 2 and look like Neon. This
forms LiF.

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Unit 3 Study Guide Chem 1 Key

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Chemistry 1

ALT 3 LT3a Flame Tests and Electron Structure

Draw a shell model of Chlorine

ALT 3 LT3b Ionic Bonds

Groups are elements in the same column

Each row is a period.

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