Equations For Primary FRCA
Equations For Primary FRCA
Equations For Primary FRCA
Pharmacology
C: concentration
t: time
Bioavailability
Bioavailability =
AUCORAL
AUCIV
dC
dC
C or
= K .C
dt
dt
e = 2.718 or
1
= 0.37
e
C = CO .e Kt
(for a negative exponential relationship)
CO is the concentration at t = 0
K: rate constant
Pharmacodynamics
D: free drug
R: unoccupied receptors
DR: drug occupied receptors
KD: dissociation constant
KD =
[ D][ R]
[ DR]
affinity =
1
KD
Enzyme Kinetics
V =
Vmax [ S ]
K m + [S ]
V: initial velocity
Vmax: maximum initial velocity
Km: concentration at which the initial velocity is half the maximal initial velocity
S: substrate
Pharmacokinetics
Cl: clearance
Vd: volume of distribution
: time constant
K: rate constant
D: dose
Vd =
D
C0
1
K el
Vd
Cl
t 1 = log e 2
2
Pr essure =
force
area
Q: flow
d: tube diameter
P: pressure
: viscosity
l: length of tube
v: fluid velocity
p: density
Laminar flow. Hagen-Poiseuille Equation
Q=
Pd 4
128l
Reynolds Number
vpd
Turbulent Flow
Q P
1
Q
l
1
Q
p
Bernoullis Equation
1 2
pv + P = K
2
P: potential energy
V
=K
T
P
=K
T
PV
=K
T
PV = nRT
n: number of moles
R: universal gas constant
Power
Power (watts) = VI = I 2 R
Charge
C=
Q
V
C: capacitance (farads)
Defibrillator
Stored Energy =
1
1
CV 2 = QV
2
2
Resistors
Parallel:
1
1
1
=
+ ...
RT R1 R2
Series: RT = R1 + R2 ...
Wheatstone Bridge:
R1 R3
=
R2 R4
T: tension
R: radius
P: pressure gradient
Tube: P =
T
r
Sphere: P =
2T
r
Work
Relative humidity =
Linear Function
y = Mx + C
M: gradient of a straight line
C: y axis intercept
Light
Lambert-Bouguer law
I = I O e ad
I: transmitted light
IO: incident light
a: extinction coefficient for the solution
d: thickness
Lambert-Beer law
Absorbance = cd
: molar extinction coefficient
c: molar concentration
d: thickness
(x x)
=
n 1
SD
n 1
Physiology: cellular
Diffusion
Q = kp
A
(C1 C2 )
T
Q: rate of diffusion
kp: permeability constant permeability
A: area of membrane
T: thickness of membrane
so lub ility
MW
VPL 100
(100 Hct )
volume of compartment =
mass of indicator
concentration in compartment
= RTC
: osmotic pressure
R: universal gas constant
T: absolute temperature
C: osmolality (mosm/kg H2O)
Plasma Osmolality
Plasma Osmolality (mosm/kg H 2O) = 2 [Na] + [glucose] + [urea]
Gibbs-Donnan
[cation] A [anion] A = [cation]B [anion]B
Nernst Equation
RT
[ Na ]int
log e
FZ Na
[ Na ]C
Physiology: Cardiac
SV: stroke volume
CO: cardiac output
SVR: systemic vascular resistance (dynes.s/cm5)
BP: blood pressure (mmHg)
MAP: mean arterial blood pressure
HR: heart rate
CVP: central venous pressure (mmHg)
Stroke Volume
SV = EDV ESV
Ejection Fraction =
SV
EDV
Cardiac Index =
CO
BSA
SVR =
MAP CVP
80
CO
QT
RR
QTc =
V O2
CO =
(CaO2 CvO2 )
Physiology: Respiratory
V CO2
VA =
K
PACO2
Bohr equation
VD PACO2 PECO2
=
VT
PACO2
(for physiological dead space)
Alveolar Gas Equation
PAO2 = PIO2
PACO2
R
R: respiratory quotient R =
V CO2
VO2
Venous to Arterial Shunt
QS
QT
Cco2 Cao2
Cco2 Cvo2
compliance =
V
P
1
1
1
=
+
CR CL CW
CR: respiratory system compliance
CL: lung compliance
CW: wall compliance
Oxygen Content
Physiology: Other
Clearance
U xV
Px
Cx: clearance of x (ml/min)
Ux: urine concentration of x
Px: plasma concentration of x
V: urine flow (ml/min)
Cx =
pK
% sat
) + (0.023 Po2 )
100
pK = log K
k=
[ H + ][ A ]
[ HA]
Henderson-Hasselbach
[conjugate base]
[acid ]
[ HCO3 ]
pH = pK + log
[ H 2CO 3 ]
pH = pK + log
pH = pK + log
[ HCO3 ]
0.23 Pco2