Acid Base Problems Solutions
Acid Base Problems Solutions
Acid Base Problems Solutions
1. Write equations which represent the dissociation of each of these acids or bases in aqueous
solution. Use a single arrow in the case of a strong acid or base, and a double arrow to represent
the equilibrium condition that exists in the solution of a weak acid or base. Show each step of
dissociation for polyprotic acids.
a) KOH
KOH(aq) K+(aq) + OH-(aq)
b) H3AsO4
Step 1: H3AsO4 (aq) + H2O(l) H2AsO4- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
Step 2: H2AsO4- (aq) + H2O(l) HAsO42- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
Step 3: HAsO42- (aq) + H2O(l) AsO43- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
c) HClO4
HClO4 (aq) + H2O(l) ClO4- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
d) HCN(aq)
HCN(aq) + H2O(l) CN- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
e) C6H5NH2 (a weak base)
C6H5NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) C6H5NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
2. Benzoic acid, HC6H5CO2, is an organic acid whose sodium salt, NaC6H5CO2, has long been used as a
safe food additive to protect beverages and many foods against harmful yeasts and bacteria. The
acid is monoprotic. Write the Ka expression for this acid.
HC6H5CO2 (aq) + H2O(l) C6H5CO2- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
Ka
3. Write the equilibrium equations and the Kb expressions for each of the following bases.
a) CN- (cyanide ion)
CN- (aq) + H2O(l) HCN(aq) + OH- (aq)
Kb
[ HCN ][ OH ]
[ HCN ]
Kb
(aq)
+ H2O(l) HC2H3O2
(aq)
+ OH- (aq)
[C 2 H 3O2 ]
c) C6H5NH2 (aniline)
C6H5NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) C6H5NH3+
(aq)
[C H NH 3 ][OH ]
Kb 6 5
[C6 H 5 NH 2 ]
d) H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+
Kb=[H3O+][OH-]
(aq)
+ OH- (aq)
+ OH- (aq)
4. Find the pH and % ionization of a 0.065 M solution of formic acid, (Ka=1.8 x 10-4). [2.47, 5.2%]
HCHO2 (aq) + H2O(l) CHO2- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
MR
1
1
1
1
I
0.065
--0
0
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.065-x
---x
x
Ka=1.8 x 10-4
0.065/Ka < 1000
[CHO2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HCHO2 ]
1.8 10 4
[H3O+]=3.4x10-3 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=2.47
x2
(0.065 x)
1.2 10 5 1.8 10 4 x x 2
x 2 1.8 10 4 x 1.2 10 5 0
a= 1, b=1.8x10-4, c=-1.2x10-5
x1=-3.6x10-3, x2=3.4x10-3
5. Find the pH of a 0.325 M acetic acid solution, given the Ka is 1.8 x 10-5. [2.62]
HC2H3O2 (aq) + H2O(l) C2H3O2- (aq) + H3O+(aq) Ka=1.8 x 10-5
MR
1
1
1
1
0.325/Ka > 1000
I
0.325
--0
0
approx will work
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.325-x
---x
x
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
1.8 10 5
x2
(0.325 x)
5.9 10 6 x 2
x 2.4 10 3
[H3O+]=2.4x10-3 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=2.62
% ionization= [H3O+]/[Acid]initial x100%
= (2.4x10-3)/0.325 x100%
= 0.74 %
6. Find the pH of a solution that contains 0.0034 M lactic acid(HC3H5O3) (Ka =1.4 x 10-4).
MR
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HC3H5O3 (aq)
1
0.0034
-x
0.0034-x
+ H2O(l)
1
--------
Ka
[C3 H 5 O3 ][H 3O ]
[ HC3 H 5 O3 ]
1.4 10 4
x2
(0.0034 x)
x 2 1.4 10 4 x 4.8 10 7 0
a= 1, b=1.4x10-4, c= -4.8x10-7
x1=6.3x10-4, x2= -7.7x10-4
[H3O+]=6.3x10-4 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=3.20
7. Find the hydronium ion concentration and pH for a 0.056 M solution of propanoic acid (Ka = 1.4 x
10-5). [ H3O+=8.9x10-4 pH=3.05]
HC3H5O2 (aq) + H2O(l) C3H5O2- (aq) + H3O+(aq) Ka=1.4 x 10-5
MR
1
1
1
1
0.056/Ka > 1000
I
0.056
--0
0
approx will work
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.056-x
---x
x
Ka
[C3 H 5 O2 ][H 3O ]
[ HC3 H 5 O2 ]
1.4 10 5
x2
(0.056 x)
[H3O+]=8.9x10-4 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=3.05
x 8.9 10 4
8. Find the pH of a 0.600 M solution of methylamine CH3NH2. Kb = 4.4 x 104. [12.20]
CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Kb=4.4 x 10-4
MR
1
1
1
1
0.60/Ka > 1000
I
0.60
--0
0
approx will work
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.60-x
---x
x
[CH 3 NH 3 ][OH ]
Kb
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
x2
(0.60 x)
4.4 10 4
[OH-]=1.6x10-2 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 1.80
pH=12.20
x 1.6 10 2
9. What is the pH of a 5.6x10-4 M butanoic acid solution, given the pKa = 4.82. [4.08]
HC4H7O2 (aq) +
MR
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5.6x10-4
C
-x
E
5.6x10-4 -x
pKa=4.82
Ka=10-4.82
Ka=1.5 x 10-5
Ka
[C 4 H 7 O2 ][H 3O ]
[ HC4 H 7 O2 ]
1.5 10 5
x2
(5.6 10 4 x)
x 2 1.5 10 5 x 8.4 10 9 0
a= 1, b=1.5x10-5, c= -8.4x10-9
x1=8.4x10-5, x2= -9.9x10-5
[H3O+]=8.4x10-5 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=4.08
10. Calculate the [H3O+], the pH and the % ionization for a 0.50 mol/L HCN solution. [1.8x10-5,4.74,
3.6x10-3 %]
MR
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Ka
[CN ][H 3 O ]
[ HCN ]
[H3O+]=1.8x10-5 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=4.74
x2
(0.50 x)
6.2 10 10
x 1.8 10 5
11. Calculate the [OH-], the pH and the % ionization for 0.25 mol/L ammonia solution. [2.1x10-3,
11.32, 0.84%]
NH3 (aq) + H2O(l) NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq) Kb=1.8 x 10-5
1
1
1
1
0.25/Ka > 1000
0.25
--0
0
approx will work
-x
--+x
+x
0.25-x
---x
x
MR
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[OH-]=2.1x10-3 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 2.68
pH=11.32
[ NH 4 ][OH ]
Kb
[ NH 3 ]
1.8 10 5
x2
(0.25 x)
x 2.1 10 3
12. Hydrazine, N2H4, has been used as a rocket fuel. Like ammonia, it is a weak base. A 0.15 M
solution has a pH of 10.70. What is the Kb and pKb for hydrazine and the pKa of its conjugate acid?
[Kb=1.7x10-6, pKb =5.77, pKa Conj =8.23]
pH=10.70
pOH = 3.30
[OH-]=10-3.30
[OH-]= 5.0x10-4
[ N 2 H 5 ][OH ]
Kb
[N 2 H 4 ]
Kb
(5.0 10 4 ) 2
(0.15)
K b 1.7 10 6
pKb =-logKb
pKb =5.77
pKa Conj=14- pKb
pKa Conj =8.23
13. If the pH of a weak base solution is 9.5 and the original concentration of base was 0.30 M what is
the pOH, the concentration of OH-, the equilibrium concentration of the base and the Kb of the
-9
base? [pOH = 4.50, [OH-]= 3.2x10-5, [B]=0.30 M, Kb=3.4x10 ]
pH=9.50
pOH = 4.50
[OH-]=10-4.50
MR
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[OH-]= 3.2x10-5
OH-(aq)
1
0
+x
x
=3.2x10-5
Kb= ?
Kb
[ BH ][OH ]
[ B]
Kb
(3.2 105 ) 2
(0.30)
K b 3.4 109
14. If the pH of a hypochlorous acid solution is 4.17, what is the initial concentration? [0.16 M]
[H3O+]=10-4.17
pH=4.17
[H3O+]=6.8x10-5
MR
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H3O+(aq)
-8
Ka
[ClO ][H 3O ]
[ HClO]
2.9 10 8
(6.8 10 5 ) 2
( I 6.8 10 5 )
15. If the pH of a solution is equal to 8.70 and the Kb=9.6x10-7 what was the original concentration of
the base? [3.1x10-5 M]
pH=8.70
MR
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pOH = 5.30
[OH-]=10-5.30
[OH-]= 5.0x10-6
Kb= 9.6x10-7
Kb
[ BH ][OH ]
[ B]
9.6 107
(5.0 106 ) 2
( I 5.0 106 )
16. A nitrous acid solution is 1.34% ionized at equilibrium. What is the hydronium ion concentration,
pH and initial acid concentration? [ [H3O+]=0.0531 M, pH=1.274, [HNO2]initial=3.96 M ]
HNO2 (aq) + H2O(l) NO2- (aq) + H3O+(aq) Ka=7.2x10-4
1
1
1
1
Since the acid is 1.34% ionized at
I
--0
0
equilibrium,
-x
--+x
+x
x=0.0134I
I-x
---x
x
=0.9866I
=0.0134I =0.0134I
MR
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[ NO2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HNO2 ]
7.2 10
7.2 10
7.2 10 4
(0.0134I ) 2
(0.9866I )
1.80 10 4 I 2
0.9866I
1.82 10 4 I
x=0.0134I
x=(0.0134)(3.96)
x=0.0531 M
[H3O+]=0.0531 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=1.274
I 3.96M
17. A solution of ethylamine is 1.25% ionized at equilibrium. What is the hydroxide ion concentration
and initial base concentration? [[OH-]=0.0340 M, [CH3CH2NH2]initial=2.72 M]
MR
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Kb=4.3 x 10-4
Since the base is 1.25% ionized at
equilibrium,
x=0.0125I
Kb
[CH 3 CH 2 NH 3 ][OH ]
[CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 ]
(0.0125I ) 2
4.3 10
0.9875I
1.56 10 4 I 2
4.3 10 4
0.9875I
4
4.3 10 1.58 10 4 I
I 2.72M
4
x=0.0125I
x=(0.0125)(2.72)
x=0.0340 M
[OH-]=0.0340 M
Kb
C2H3O21
0.36
-x
0.36-x
(aq)
+ H2O(l)
1
--------
HC2H3O2
1
0
+x
X
(aq)
+ OH- (aq)
1
0
+x
x
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ][OH ]
Kb=Kw/Ka Acid
0.36/Kb > 1000
[C 2 H 3 O2 ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.36 x
x2
0.36
5.6 10 10
x 1.4 10 5
Ka
[4.92]
Ka=Kw/Kb Base
0.25/Ka > 1000
[ NH 3 ][H 3O ]
[ NH 3 ]
[H3O+]=1.2x10-5 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH=4.92
KW
x2
K bBase 0.25 x
x2
0.25
5.6 10 10
x 1.2 10 5
Kb
CHO2- (aq)
1
0.32
-x
0.32-x
+ H2O(l) HCHO2
1
1
--0
--+x
---x
[ HCHO2 ][OH ]
[CHO2 ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.32 x
5.6 10 11
x2
0.32
x 4.2 10 6
(aq)
[8.48]
-
+ OH (aq)
1
0
+x
X
Kb=Kw/Ka Acid
0.16/Kb > 1000
[OH-]=4.2x10-6 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 5.38
pH= 8.62
MR
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Kb
HClO
1
0
+x
x
[10.59]
(aq)
[ HClO][OH ]
[ClO ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.45 x
3.4 10 7
x2
0.45
x 3.9 10 4
[OH-]=3.9x10-4 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 3.41
pH= 10.59
19. A 27.0 mL sample of 0.28 M acetic acid is titrated with 0.15 M calcium hydroxide.
a) Calculate the volume of calcium hydroxide required to reach the equivalence point. [25mL]
b) Calculate the pH at equivalence.
[8.96]
c
V
n
Kb
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ][OH ]
[C 2 H 3 O2 ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.15 x
5.6 10 10
x2
0.15
x 9.2 10 6
[OH-]=9.2x10-6
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH=5.04
pH=8.96
20. A 175 mL sample of 0.30 M ammonia is titrated with 0.45 M hydrochloric acid.
a) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid required to reach the equivalence point. [120mL]
b) Calculate the pH at equivalence.
[5.00]
HCl (aq) +
0.45
0.12
0.053
c
V
n
MR
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Ka
[ NH 3 ][H 3O ]
[ NH 3 ]
KW
x2
K bBase 0.18 x
x2
0.18
5.6 10 10
x 1.0 10 5
[H3O+]=1.0x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=5.00
21. A 225 mL sample of 0.24 M formic acid is titrated with 0.30 M sodium hydroxide.
a) Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide required to reach equivalence.
b) Calculate the pH at equivalence.
HCHO2 (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCHO2 (aq) + H2O (l)
0.24
0.30
0.13 ([C2H3O2-]=0.13 M]
0.225
0.180
0.405
0.054
0.054
0.054
c
V
n
MR
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Kb
[ HCHO2 ][OH ]
[CHO2 ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.13 x
5.6 10 11
x2
0.13
x 2.7 10 6
[OH-]=2.7x10-6
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH =5.57
pH=8.43
[180mL]
[8.43]
22. A 180 mL sample of 0.16 M hydrazine is titrated with 0.12 M nitric acid.
a) Calculate the volume of nitric acid required to reach the equivalence point.
b) Calculate the pH at equivalence.
[240mL]
[4.70]
c
V
n
MR
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Ka
[ N 2 H 4 ][H 3 O ]
[N 2 H 5 ]
KW
x2
K bBase 0.069 x
x2
5.9 10
0.069
5
x 2.0 10
9
[H3O+]=2.0x10-5
pH=4.70
23. A 375 mL sample of 0.25 M hydrofluoric acid is titrated with 0.15 M potassium hydroxide.
a) the volume of potassium hydroxide needed to reach the equivalence point
[630 mL]
b) the pH at equivalence.
[8.07]
HF (aq) +
0.25
0.375
0.094
c
V
n
MR
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Kb
[ HF ][OH ]
[F ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.094 x
x2
1.5 10
0.094
6
x 1.2 10
11
Ka HF=6.6x10-4
0.094/Kb > 1000
[OH-]=1.2x10-6
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH =5.92
pH=8.08
24. If 125 mL of 0.15 M hydrochloric acid is needed for 95 mL of ammonia to reach equivalence, find:
a) the concentration of the original ammonia solution.
[0.20 M]
b) the pH of the solution at the equivalence point.
[5.16]
HCl (aq) +
0.15
0.125
0.019
c
V
n
MR
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Kb ammonia=1.8x10-5
0.086/Ka > 1000
[ NH 3 ][H 3O ]
Ka
[ NH 3 ]
x=6.9x10-6
[H3O+]=6.9x10-6
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=5.16
KW
x2
K bBase 0.086 x
5.6 10 10
x2
0.086
25. If 230 mL of 0.35 M cyanic acid (Ka=3.5x10-4) is titrated with 0.25 M calcium hydroxide. Calculate:
a) the pH of the acid sample before titration.
[1.96]
b) the volume of calcium hydroxide needed to reach the equivalence point.
[160 mL]
c) the pH of the solution at the equivalence point.
[8.39]
a)
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Ka
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2 HCNO (aq)
0.35
0.23
0.081
x2
(0.35 x)
Kb
0.35/Ka = 1000
[CNO ][H 3O ]
[ HCNO ]
3.5 10 4
b) and c)
c
V
n
Ka =3.5x10-4
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ][OH ]
[C 2 H 3 O2 ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.20 x
2.9 10 11
x2
0.20
26. A 65 mL sample of 0.45 M methylamine is titrated with 0.45 M nitric acid. Calculate:
a) the pH of the base sample before titration.
[12.15]
b) the volume of nitric acid needed to reach the equivalence point.
[65 mL]
c) the pH of the solution at the equivalence point.
[5.66]
a) pH before titration
CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3+ (aq) + OH-(aq) Kb=4.4 x 10-4
MR
1
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1
1
0.45/Kb > 1000
I
0.45
--0
0
approx will work
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.45-x
---x
x
x=1.4x10-2
[CH 3 NH 3 ][OH ]
Kb
[OH-]=1.4x10-2 M
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 1.85
x2
4.4 10 4
pH=12.15
(0.45 x)
b) and c)
c
V
n
MR
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Ka
[CH 3 NH 2 ][H 3 O ]
[CH 3 NH 3 ]
KW
x2
K bBase 0.22 x
2.3 10 11
x2
0.22
x 2.2 10 6
[H3O+]=2.2x10-6
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=5.66
c
V
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MR
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Kb
Ka =7.2x10-4
0.17/Kb > 1000
[ HNO2 ][OH ]
x=1.5x10-6
[OH-]=1.5x10-6
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH=5.81
pH=8.19
[ NO 2 ]
KW
x2
K aAcid 0.17 x
1.4 10 11
x2
0.17
Buffer Questions
For each of the following questions calculate the pH of a) the initial buffer, b) after the addition of the
H3O+ to the initial buffer and c) after the addition of the OH- to the initial buffer.
Question
Acid or Base
Conjugate
Volume (L)
moles of
moles of
H 3O +
OH1
0.300 mol of NH3
0.600 mol of NH4NO3
3.0
0.150
0.150
2
0.400 mol HC2H3O2
0.400 mol NaC2H3O2
2.0
0.200
0.100
3
0.250 mol H2CO3
0.200 mol NaHCO3
1.0
0.050
0.060
4
0.200 mol CH3NH2
0.150 mol CH3NH3NO3
3.0
0.020
0.030
5
0.900 mol HCN
0.800 mol NaCN
2.0
0.200
0.300
6
1.50 mol benzoic acid
1.20 mol sodium benzoate
3.0
0.600
0.300
7
0.450 mol HClO
0.350 mol KClO
1.0
0.250
0.15
Question
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Answers
Initial pH After H3O+
8.95
8.56
4.74
4.27
6.26
6.06
10.76
10.65
9.15
8.96
4.10
3.66
7.43
6.70
After OH9.26
4.96
6.49
10.92
9.47
4.30
7.77
1)
a)
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Kb=1.8 x 10-5
0.10/Kb > 1000
[ NH 4 ][OH ]
Kb
[ NH 3 ]
1.8 10 5
(0.20 x) x
(0.10 x)
[OH-]=9.0x10-6 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 5.05
pH=8.95
x 9.0 10 6
If you add 0.150 mol of H3O+ in 3.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [NH3] will
decrease to 0.050 M and [NH4+] will increase to 0.25 M
b)
MR
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Kb=1.8 x 10-5
0.050/Ka > 1000
[ NH 4 ][OH ]
Kb
[ NH 3 ]
1.8 10 5
(0.25 x) x
(0.05 x)
[OH-]=3.6x10-6 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 5.44
pH=8.56
x 3.6 10 6
If you add 0.150 mol of OH- in 3.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [NH3] will
increase to 0.150 M and [NH4+] will decrease to 0.15 M
c)
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Kb=1.8 x 10-5
0.15/Ka > 1000
[ NH 4 ][OH ]
Kb
[ NH 3 ]
1.8 10 5
(0.15 x) x
(0.15 x)
x 1.8 10 5
[OH-]=3.6x10-6 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 4.74
pH=9.26
2)
Ka
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
1.8 10 5
(0.20 x) x
(0.20 x)
[H3O+]=1.8x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=4.74
x 1.8 10 5
If you add 0.200 mol H3O+ in 2.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [HC2H3O2] will
increase to 0.30 M and [C2H3O2-] will decrease to 0.10 M
b)
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
1.8 10 5
(0.10 x) x
(0.30 x)
[H3O+]=5.4x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=4.27
x 5.4 10 5
If you add 0.100 mol of OH- in 2.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [HC2H3O2]
will decrease to 0.150 M and [C2H3O2-] will increase to 0.25 M
c)
MR
I
C
E
HC2H3O2 (aq)
1
0.15
-x
0.15-x
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
1.8 10 5
(0.25 x) x
(0.15 x)
x 1.1 10 5
[H3O+]=1.1x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=4.96
3) a)
Ka=4.4 x 10-7
0.20/Ka > 1000
Ka
[ HCO3 ][H 3 O ]
[ H 2 CO3 ]
4.4 10 7
(0.20 x) x
(0.25 x)
[H3O+]=5.5x10-7
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=6.26
x 5.5 10 7
If you add 0. 050 mol H3O+ in 1.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [H2CO3] will
increase to 0.30 M and [HCO3-] will decrease to 0.15 M
b)
Ka=4.4 x 10-7
0.15/Ka > 1000
[ HCO3 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ H 2 CO3 ]
4.4 10 7
(0.15 x) x
(0.30 x)
[H3O+]=8.8x10-7
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=6.06
x 8.8 10 7
If you add 0.060 mol of OH- in 1.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [H2CO3] will
decrease to 0.150 M and [HCO3-] will increase to 0.25 M
c)
MR
I
C
E
[ HCO3 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ H 2 CO3 ]
4.4 10 7
(0.26 x) x
(0.19 x)
x 3.2 10 7
[H3O+]=3.2x10-7
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=6.49
4)
a)
MR
I
C
E
Kb
[CH 3 NH 3 ][OH ]
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
4.4 10 4
(0.050 x) x
(0.067 x)
x 2 0.050 x 2.9 10 5 0
x1=5.7x10-4 x2=-0.051
[OH-]=5.7x10-4 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 3.24
pH=10.76
If you add 0.020 mol of H3O+ in 3.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [CH3NH2]
will decrease to 0.060 M and [CH3NH3+] will increase to 0.25 M
CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3+ (aq) + OH-(aq) Kb=4.4 x 10-4
MR
1
1
1
1
0.057/Kb < 1000
I
0.060
--0.057
0
approx will not work
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.060-x
---0.057+x
x
Kb
[CH 3 NH 3 ][OH ]
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
4.4 10
(0.057 x ) x
(0.060 x)
x 2 0.057 x 2.6 10 5 0
x1=4.5x10-4 x2=-0.057
[OH-]=4.5x10-4 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 3.35
pH=10.65
If you add 0.030 mol of OH- in 3.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [CH3NH2] will
increase to 0.077 M and [CH3NH3+] will decrease to 0.040 M
CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Kb=4.4 x 10-4
MR
1
1
1
1
0.040/ Kb < 1000
I
0.077
--0.040
0
approx will not work
C
-x
--+x
+x
E
0.077-x
---0.040+x
x
[CH 3 NH 3 ][OH ]
Kb
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
4.4 10 4
(0.040 x) x
(0.077 x)
x 2 0.040 x 3.4 10 5 0
a=1, b=0.040, c= -3.4x10-5
x1=8.3x10-4 x2=-0.041
[OH-]=8.3x10-4 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = 3.08
pH=10.92
5) a)
MR
I
C
E
[CN ][H 3O ]
[ HCN ]
(0.40 x) x
6.2 10 10
(0.45 x)
Ka
Ka=6.2 x 10-10
0.40/Ka > 1000
[H3O+]=7.0x10-10
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=9.15
x 7.0 10 10
If you add 0.200 mol H3O+ in 2.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [HCN] will
increase to 0.55 M and [CN-] will decrease to 0.30 M
b)
MR
I
C
E
Ka=6.2 x 10-10
0.30/Ka > 1000
Ka
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
6.2 10 10
(0.30 x) x
(0.55 x)
[H3O+]=1.1x10-9
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=8.96
x 1.1 10 9
If you add 0.300 mol of OH- in 2.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [HCN] will
decrease to 0.30 M and [CN-] will increase to 0.55 M
c)
MR
I
C
E
Ka=6.2 x 10-10
0.30/Ka > 1000
Ka
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
6.2 10 10
(0.55 x) x
(0.30 x)
x 3.4 10 10
[H3O+]=1.1x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=9.47
6) a)
Ka
[C 7 H 5 O2 ][H 3 O ]
[ HC7 H 5 O2 ]
6.3 10 5
(0.40 x) x
(0.50 x)
[H3O+]=7.9x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=4.10
x 7.9 10 5
If you add 0.600 mol of H3O+ in 3.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [HC7H5O2]
will increase to 0.70 M and [C7H5O2-] will decrease to 0.20 M
b)
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
6.3 10 5
(0.20 x) x
(0.70 x)
[H3O+]=2.2x10-4
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=3.66
x 2.2 10 4
If you add 0.300 mol of OH- in 3.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [HC2H3O2]
will decrease to 0.40 M and [C2H3O2-] will increase to 0.50 M
c)
MR
I
C
E
HC7H5O2 (aq)
1
0.40
-x
0.40-x
[C 2 H 3 O2 ][H 3 O ]
Ka
[ HC 2 H 3 O2 ]
6.3 10 5
(0.50 x) x
(0.40 x)
x 5.0 10 5
[H3O+]=1.1x10-5
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=4.30
7) a)
Ka
[ClO ][H 3 O ]
[ HClO2 ]
2.9 10 8
(0.35 x) x
(0.45 x)
Ka=2.9 x 10-8
0.35/Ka > 1000
[H3O+]=3.7x10-8
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=7.43
x 3.7 10 8
If you add 0.25 mol of H3O+ in 1.0 L, the equilibrium will shift left, therefore [HClO] will
increase to 0.70 M and [ClO -] will decrease to 0.10 M
b)
Ka
[ClO ][H 3 O ]
[ HClO2 ]
2.9 10 8
(0.10 x) x
(0.70 x)
Ka=2.9 x 10-8
0.10/Ka > 1000
[H3O+]=2.0x10-7
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=6.69
x 2.0 10 7
If you add 0.15 mol of OH- in 1.0 L, the equilibrium will shift right, therefore [HClO] will
decrease to 0.30 M and [ClO -] will increase to 0.50 M
c)
MR
I
C
E
Ka
[ClO ][H 3 O ]
[ HClO2 ]
2.9 10 8
(0.50 x) x
(0.30 x)
x 1.7 10 8
Ka=2.9 x 10-8
0.30/Ka > 1000
[H3O+]=1.7x10-8
pH=-log[H3O+]
pH=7.77