Confessions of a Professor: How to Get A Great Letter of

Recommendation (Or Not)

Professor Anonymous, Brandeis University & Joe Du Pont, Director, Hiatt Career Center

Pretend, for a minute, that youre a college professor. Two students have come in
to ask you for letters of recommendation. The first student got a solid A on your exam,
attended class religiously and took copious notes, although you did not hear from him in
class very much in fact, hardly at all. He never asked you for anything and did not seek
help outside of class. The second student got only an A- on the exam. She, too, attended
every class and took notes diligently. She was also a very vocal participant in class, was
prepared with questions that reflected her consideration of the material, and sought you
out during office hours.
So. Who do you write the letter for?
If youre me, you write for the second student, even if she didnt receive the
highest grade in the class. Surprised? You shouldnt be. Theres a lot that goes into a
professors decision to write a letter of recommendation. And that might seem scary,
because its the one part of the interview process thats completely out of your control.
Or is it? In my many years of teaching, I have written dozens of letters, and Ive
discovered that students can take steps to ensure that you get that glowing
recommendation that will seal the deal.
First Things First
The most important piece of advice I can give you is that which is most often
overlooked by students. Lets use graduate school as one scenario. You should have
some very concrete reasons for going to graduate school before asking for letters of
recommendation. Take, for example, the student who is about to spend $100,000 in a
two-year masters program. If you were going to purchase anything for $100,000,
wouldnt you do a lot of research to confirm this is what you want? Surprisingly, many
students dont do that and regret their decision later on. The lesson here is that choosing
to attend graduate school is no small decision. The first question I ask students is why
do you want to go and I am no longer surprised that many students cant articulate
compelling reasons to go. Dont fall into that trap. The same logic applies if you are
asking for a recommendation for a job too.
You have many resources at your disposal to help you determine whether
graduate school is right for you at this particular time. Professors, family, friends,
alumni in graduate school can all give you some insight and perspective that will help
you but one of the most helpful resources is one that is often overlooked the Hiatt
Career Center.

The staff at Hiatt has the resources designed to challenge and support you in your
decision-making process and to think through the tough decisions about deciding whether
to attend graduate school; choosing programs (this is a conversation you should be
having with faculty as well and Hiatt can help you set up those meetings); applying to
graduate school and financing it.
More specifically, here are some key questions Hiatt staff and others can help you
think through. If you dont have concrete answers to these questions, you may want to
rethink your decision.
Key Questions

What goal(s) will graduate school help you to accomplish?

How will your educational and work experience allow you to choose an
appropriate graduate program and to be successful in it?
How will the type and duration of your educational and work experience allow
you to get the most out of a graduate school program?

Set Yourself Up For Success

Congratulations. You have made it passed the first hurdle and have decided
graduate school is right for you and want to approach me for a recommendation. The first
step you need to take requires a little advance planning, well in advance of your
approaching your professor with hat in hand: You need to be an active student in class.
This is true whether youre in a small seminar or large lecture; your professor needs to
know more than how you performed on an exam at the end of the semester. If Im faced
with two requests for letters, one from an engaged student who participates and one from
a student who is present only physically, Im going to write for the engaged student,
every time. I need to know that the student for whom Im writing is diligent and
committed, that she has an inquisitive mind and is willing to learn more, that she has
absorbed the material in a thoughtful way to learn because she needs to know it, not
because she needs to ace an exam.
Couldnt you just write for both students, you might sensibly ask? Well, no.
Letters of recommendation are like paper money; the more that are printed, the less
valuable they become. And letters of recommendation reflect my judgment and impact
my credibility, so Im going to be cautious in deciding which student deserves my praise.
Being an active participant in class has a more self-serving benefit, too: If the
professor knows you well, shes more likely to agree to write the letter. And if the
professor can write about you from a more personal standpoint, the stronger the letter will
be. You want your professor to know you well enough to be able to say something
unique and original about you, in addition to noting that you wrote a brilliant exam (n.b.:
while I have written many strong letters for students who were not the best students in the
class, they had to have at least done well. You always want the best letter you can get,

and you wont get it from a professor in whose class you did not perform well it will be
lukewarm at best. And a lukewarm letter is worse than no letter at all).
So be engaged. Be interested in the material and let your participation in class
reflect that. Seek out your professor during office hours, and come equipped with
questions or comments about what youre learning. Youll find, too, that if you do,
youll get a lot more out of class than if you just show up.
Hiatt staff concur that a faculty members depth of knowledge about a student is
critical to the writing of a strong letter of recommendation. They suggest that, if you
were not as engaged as you might have been in a class, you should immediately begin to
build your relationship with a faculty member by meeting with her. By seeking out
graduate school or employment advice from a faculty member, and sharing your
aspirations with her you may be able to move beyond silent face in a class status to the
point where a faculty member would be comfortable writing you a strong letter.
Ask and You Shall Receive. Well, Almost.
Okay, so now that youve participated actively in class and you did well on the
exam, youre all set, right? Sorry, not quite. Most professors, like me, want to write
about their students in a broader, more holistic fashion; in addition to writing about the
students performance in class, I like to talk about what makes the student a unique
candidate. Ive noted in some of my letters that the student was the first in his family to
go to college, or that she had worked through school to pay her way, or that she had
started the first recycling program in her towns elementary schools.
Im also going to want to know what Im writing the letter for is it for graduate
school? Professional school? Post-graduation employment, and if so, public or private
sector? Knowing why Im writing the letter will affect how I present my opinion and will
make my letter much more focused and effective.
Thus, when you approach your professor for a letter of recommendation, come
prepared. Ask for a few minutes of your professors time so that you can tell her what
she needs to know to write a strong letter. Think about what might make you stand out,
and dont be shy to talk about it (in a humble sort of way, of course). Bring a copy of
your resume and a draft of your personal statement bullet points at least so I know
why you are interested in this particular field. Let your professor know what youre
going to use the letter for and be ready to discuss why youre pursuing that path.
I also appreciate students who realize that theyre asking me for a favor, even if it
is one that Im happy to do. Im particularly happy to write for students who thoughtfully
give me pre-addressed, stamped envelopes, extra copies of documents or forms that I
need to append, contact information if I need it.
That Final Touch

As difficult as it might seem to believe sometimes, professors are people too. So

after youve asked, and the professors agreed, send a thank you note. We professors
really appreciate it.

You dont have to do any of these things. Its your choice you could choose just
to show up to class and do the minimum, you could choose just to ask your professor for
a letter and limit her to what she knows about you from class alone, you could choose not
to make your professors life easier by providing her with everything she needs to write a
strong letter. But you reap what you sow. If you show your professor that youre
serious, that you care about what shes going to write about you, that you are grateful for
her taking the time to do this service for you, her letter will reflect that. And that will
make all the difference.

Professor Anonymous is a Brandeis faculty member who has been writing letters of
recommendation for over 15 years for students and has asked for many herself in her
lifetime. If you have further questions about how to get the best letter of recommendation
possible, come to the Hiatt Career Center for some more tips. Who knows, we might
even introduce you to Professor Anonymous for further guidance.