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The Balkan Crisis 1914

The document summarizes key events in the Balkan region from 1903-1914 that contributed to rising tensions and instability. It describes the assassination of King Alexander of Serbia in 1903, the formation of diplomatic agreements between European powers in the early 1900s that isolated Germany, and the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908 which angered Serbia and Russia. It also mentions the formation of the Balkan League in 1912 by Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro to force the Ottoman Empire out of the Balkans, and the outbreak of the First Balkan War later that year. By 1914, ethnic tensions and nationalist rivalries in the Balkans had intensified.

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151 views

The Balkan Crisis 1914

The document summarizes key events in the Balkan region from 1903-1914 that contributed to rising tensions and instability. It describes the assassination of King Alexander of Serbia in 1903, the formation of diplomatic agreements between European powers in the early 1900s that isolated Germany, and the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908 which angered Serbia and Russia. It also mentions the formation of the Balkan League in 1912 by Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro to force the Ottoman Empire out of the Balkans, and the outbreak of the First Balkan War later that year. By 1914, ethnic tensions and nationalist rivalries in the Balkans had intensified.

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THE BALKAN CRISIS

1903 King Alexander of Serbia and

1904 British and French Entente

1907-10 British naval expenditure

1911--May.09-22 > The secret

1913 Treaty of Constantinople

wife assassinated by nationalists. The


King was replaced with King Peter
who was pro-Russia, and therefore
looked to tsarist Russia for support.
This coup in Serbia shifted political
power to more nationalistic elements.
These nationalists saw the Sanjak of
Novibazar and Bosnia-Herzegovina as
natural avenues for territorial
expansion. Relations between Serbia
and Austria-Hungary gradually
deteriorated.

Cordiale cleared up colonial


differences in Africa and Asia.
France agreed UK could keep Egypt
(Suez Canal for trading to India),
and France could keep Morocco.
This was merely a colonial alliance,
however the Kaiser Wilhelm is
suspicious this is military pact to
insure Germanys isolation.

increased from 31.5 to 50 million quid


per annum to compete with German
expansion.

terrorist Black Hand organization is


established by Serbian nationalists
(also known as Unity or Death), partly
funded by the Serbian Crown Prince it largely replaces Narodna Odbrana

allowed Turkey to gain Adrianople.

1907 Anglo-Russian entente, which


loosely created the triple entente
between Russia, France and
Germany

1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand


assassinated visiting Sarajevo
(nephew of Franz Joseph I, the
Austrian emperor, heir to Habsburg
throne)

1903-1904: Russo-Japanese

1905 Lord Lansdown British

1908 Bosnian crisis Austrian-

1912 German military leaders

1912-14 Attention swung

war over Asian territory. (Russia


humiliated, Japan wins). Russia
shifts focus to Balkans.

foreign secretary messaged the


French gov. in the vague hope that
the entente may, under certain
circumstances, become a military
alliance. The Kaiser interpreted this
as at attempt to reverse settlements
over Morocco, so France did not
agree thus showing how
insignificant their entente was.

Hungarian and Russian foreign


ministers agree informally that
Austria annexes BosniaHerzegovina and Bulgarian
independence and Russia would
have access to Dardanelles even in
war, Bulgarian independence,
territorial concessions to Serbia, and
abolition of restrictions on
Montenegrin sovereignty. Austria
takes Bosnia, denies Russian claim
for other changes to the Berlin
Treaty of 1878. Germany supports
Austria. Hugh embarrassment to
Russia and Serbia.

began to recognize a tip in the


balance of power to their
disadvantage. Balkan League
formed: Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece,
Montenegro. Chief aim of this PanSlavic coalition was to force the
Turks out of the Balkans. Balkan
League declares war on Turkey
(first Balkan war) gained swift victory
and drove the Turks out of most of
European Balkan areas.

towards the Balkans, including:


ethnic tensions, nationalist
groups and great power rivalry.

Balkan Wars 1912-1913. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2016, from http:
//encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/balkan_wars_1912-1913
BalkanCrises, 1903-1911. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2016, from http:
//cnparm.home.texas.net/Wars/BalkanCrises/BalkanCrises01.htm
Timeline: 1870 - 1914. (2009). Retrieved February 16, 2016, from https:
//isedphistory.wordpress.com/2009/05/04/timeline-1870-1914/
The Balkan Crises. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2016, from http:
//quicksmartrevision.weebly.com/the-balkan-crises.html

By: Natnicha J. P.4 (Feb 16 2016)

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