Chapter 13 Outline
Chapter 13 Outline
Chapter 13 Outline
Chapter 13 Outline
Origin and Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
i.
Bureaucracy is a system of organization and control that is
based on three principles: hierarchical authority, job
specialization, and formalized rules
ii.
Hierarchical authority refers to a chain of command whereby
the officials and units at the top of a bureaucracy have
authority over those in the middle, who in turn control those
at the bottom
iii.
Job specialization refers to explicitly defined duties for each
job position and to a precise division of labor within the
organization
iv.
Formalized rules are the established procedures and
regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations
B. Types of Federal Agencies
i.
Cabinet (executive) departments are the leading
administrative units
1. Some notable ones include the Department of
States, Department of Defense, Department of
Education, etc.
2. Healthcare exhausts the most money with the
Defense Department coming in second
ii.
Independent agencies resemble cabinet departments but
typically have a narrower area of responsibility
1. An example would be NASA or CIA
iii.
Regulatory agencies are created when Congress recognizes
the need for ongoing regulation of a particular economic
activity
1. Example would be EPA, the Environmental
Protection Agency; they have the jurisdiction to fine
industries that violate their regulations
iv.
Government corporations are similar to private corporation
in that they charge clients for their services and are
governed by a board of directors
v.
Presidential commissions provide advice to the president
1. Examples include the Commission on Civil Rights
and the Commission on Fine Arts
C. Federal Employment
i.
Patronage system was used by Andrew Jackson, more
commonly known as the spoils system of putting your
friends in power
1. Was corrupt and often involved the mass
replacement of governmental positions
ii.
This was replaced by the merit system which was an
examination to determine those who were capable of having
governmental jobs
1.
II.
III.
IV.