2016 Presidents Challenge
2016 Presidents Challenge
2016 Presidents Challenge
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TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Governments and NGOs are unable to increase income for the urban poor
BAN KI-MOON
PAUL MASON
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1.3 Billion
2 Billion
4 Billion
CONNECTED PEOPLE:
ZHAN YOUBING
MA3ROUTE
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CONNECTED SERVICES:
COPIA GLOBAL
KALPANA SHARMA
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CONNECTED GOODS:
SARITHA RAI
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Daily Life
Inside a Slum
Simultaneously, city borders continue to expand, creating
mega cities across the developed and emerging markets.
War and displacement have led to the largest global refugee
base of all time. This mega workforce however is sidelined
and pulling the global economy down even though many are
educated and have the skills, training and physical ability to
produce economic output.
SAGIRA, MUMBAI:
When we came here in 1972, we did not know where to fetch water. We
used to go to a hotel (restaurant) to have a cup of tea and bring a can of
water from there. After we settled down on a pavement we bought an
old 5-litre can for 25 paise(3) and filled it in the morning. We used to ask
around where a tap was working and we used to collect water there. If
that did not work we used to go to the JJ hospital morgue, bathe there
and fill our water containers. After we put up plastic sheet roofing on
the pavement we used to go to Kamathipura nearby to collect water
at the tap in the 14th lane. There, the people used to refuse to give us
water saying they have brought toilet cans! We did not understand
what they meant. Then a woman told me that it was because of the pots
that we carried to collect water. Then I bought a plastic bucket. If we
did not get water in the 14th lane we tried to get it in other lanes. We
used to go in search of water at 3:30 in the morning and collect three
or four handaas (an urn that can hold 1012 litres of water) by seven
oclock. If we did not get water we used to buy well water. Even now we
sometimes have to buy well water for five rupees per handaa. We buy
four or five handaas per day, just for cooking.
Local elections took place two months back. Our only demand was
water whoever gave us water would get our votes. We made ten boys
our spokesmen. The one with a bow and arrow (the symbol representing
the political party Shiv Sena) gave us two taps before the elections. Now
we have water. Those who had money spent 1,500 rupees or so extra
and got individual taps inside their shacks. I also got one. We have fixed
a rate of 20 or 15 rupees every month per family. These are unofficial
taps. We cannot get taps officially. We have filled in forms so many
times but the municipality throws them away. There is no provision for
giving water taps to pavement dwellers.
REHMAT, MUMBAI:
We used to bathe and wash our clothes and vessels with water from the
textile mill. That was for free. Then the mill closed down and the water
stopped. That was a big problem. There was a water line passing under
our houses. Two or three of us thought that we should steal the water
by tapping into the pipe. Plumber Patel and I did it first five years ago.
The cost of a pipe and digging came to about 1,000 rupees.
Water came in the morning from 4 until 7 oclock. Alot of people came
to fill the water at the tap. There used to be a queue for water and we
used to charge 20 rupees per month per person. In a few days, the cost
of installing the tap for stealing the water was recovered. By then, many
other families wanted to have their own taps. So there were six or seven
more such taps and the municipality came to know about it. They
came with the police. But we had come to know that the municipality
people were coming and everybody shut their taps and concealed the
connections with stones. After the men left we filled the water. We then
placed a few people on the lookout for the inspector. After a few days,
we made friends with a person from the municipality. We asked him to
install a tap in our mosque and madarssa. He took about 600 rupees
from us and put in a tap. Now they come to disconnect our taps once
every month or two. Still, there are always two or three taps left. Also
the main tap is never disconnected. It is always there.
To avoid fights over water in our area, three boys organize everything.
Yashawant Jadhav gave 150 taps in all but each area got one or two.
Sophia Zubair Road (pavement settlement) has one, Dimtimkar has
two, Peer Khan has five or six. There was a big fight at the tap on the
corner and people began to beat each other. The municipality person
took away a hose pipe and a couple of handaas. The boys rushed to
Yashawant Jadhav who sorted out the problem. Since then the boys
have supervised things.
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KHATRABAI LONDHE
I live in Jaibhavani Nagar on Parvati Hill. It is part of a very large slum
area. My shack is near the top of the hill. Until seven years ago, there
was no piped water supply anywhere in the settlement. There were just
three water taps near the toilets. We also used the water from the canal
that lies at the bottom of the hill.(7) A strip of land on both sides
of the canal belongs to the government (irrigation department). I used to
get up in the morning and first bring two handaas of water from the taps
near the toilets. Sometimes, the toilets would get blocked and nobody
did anything to get them repaired. Filthy water used to collect near the
urinals. And we had to fill the water in all that mess. There used
to be flies and insects flying all around. They would fall in the water.
There are neither paved pathways in our settlement nor are there
properly laid out drains. People have made trenches to carry off the
wastewater. When my children were small, they used to follow me when
I went to fetch the water. Sometimes, they would fall into the trenches.
So, half my attention was on my children. In addition to this worry was
the anxiety to get to work on time.
Men used to wash clothes near the taps and make us wait for a long
time before we could fill our handaas. Men bathing near the taps would
soap themselves and deliberately shake their heads vigorously so that
the soap lather used to fly all around and fall in the water as we filled
our handaas. They used to say all kinds of vulgar things to us. It was
so humiliating! We would ask them to move aside and let us fill our
handaas, but they never listened. In order to avoid having to face this, I
used to go much further to another housing area to get water.
After the elections, I thought we would get water taps. But nothing
happened. Politicians come to us when they canvass for elections and
then they disappear. Then Mahila Milan was started in our slum. Several
of us came together. We realized that we would have to try to get water
connections ourselves. Before that we expected the local councillor to
do everything for us. But he did not get us water. We met the municipal
commissioner. He was very helpful and understanding. After we lobbied
for months and made repeated visits to the municipal offices, pipes
were laid and taps fitted, but they remained dry. After another wait and
more visits to the municipal ward office, we finally got water. When
we opened the stopcock and water came out with force, women and
children were absolutely overjoyed. This was seven years ago. Over the
last year, however, we have had very little water in our area. It is difficult
to get even a few handaas of water for drinking. To do our washing we
have to go all the way down to the canal. Going down the slippery slope
to the canal is quite hazardous.
Our settlement extends for a few kilometres on the hill slope along the
canal. At the far end there are no water taps. Women fill water that
comes out of the air valves fitted on another canal that has been closed
with a concrete slab. They have to walk quite a distance to reach the
points where the valves have been fitted. Even though this water is
not treated, they have to use it for drinking also. Climbing up the steep
slope from the canal to the pathway with two or three handaas of
water balanced on the head and then up the hill to their shacks is quite
a precarious task. Every morning and evening, you can see several
women and young girls going to fetch the water and returning with
handaas perched on their heads. There are no toilets in our settlement.
We go up on the hill for defecating. Women go on one side and men
on the other. We go at night under the cover of darkness. There are no
lights up there. It is quite scary. When we go, we call out to others so
that three or four of us can go together. In the rainy season it is difficult
to walk there
JYOTI BHENDE:
I used to live in Indiranagar in Ghatkopar. Our rooms were demolished
because a road was built there. So we came here in 1985. Many other
people also came. When we came, there were only four or five houses.
It was desolate and quite scary. We filled up the swamp and built our
shacks. It cost us a lot of money to get several truckloads
of debris to reclaim the land. Last year, the municipal corporation filled
up more area.
In those days, we had to get water from Mankhurd station. We had to
walk through the slush and mud. It used to take us an hour to walk back
with water pots on our heads. If we did not get water there, we used to
go to other places like Bainganwadi and Shivajinagar. We had to fetch
enough water for drinking and washing. The water here is saline. At high
tide, the water level used to rise and our houses used to get submerged.
This used to happen several times a year. Now that the whole area has
been reclaimed we do not have this problem. Five or seven years ago
we got water taps. They were provided from the MLA (member of the
Legislative Assembly provincial assembly) funds.(4) But those taps
are dry. Because the pipeline passes through the marshy area, it is
rusted. Some people have paid the money and have secured their own
water supply. Some people go near the bridge to fetch water. It takes
ten minutes to walk there. MHADA(Maharashtra Housing and Area
Development Authority) is doing some work there. Pipes have broken
and several people bring water from there. Even that water is not
free. There is always someone sitting there who charges one rupee for
a handaa of water. Anyone can take charge of water and collect money.
Even I can do that.
I need 15 or 16 handaas of water every day. When we wash bed sheets,
blankets etc., we need to buy water worth nearly 50 rupees. There are
times when we do not get water for a couple of days in a row. Then we
get it from Shivajinagar, Mohite Patilnagar or Shantinagar. It takes half
an hour to reach Shivajinagar. Shantinagar is even further. We have to
go on the highway. Sometimes the water is dirty. It has a foul smell.
There are always fights for water, particularly if women try to jump the
queue. Then complaints are registered with the police. We have met our
councillor many times to ask him to get us more water. He promises to
look into our problem. So far he has done nothing. We also went on a
protest march to the municipality. But nothing has changed here.
A toilet block is under construction at present. Until now, we have used
open land for defecating men go on one side and women on the other.
People passing by can see women squatting. The day before yesterday,
an old woman went out to defecate at seven in the evening and a man
came from behind and grabbed her. A few of us generally go together
for the toilet. Men hide behind the bushes and watch women when they
are squatting. If they see a woman alone, they creep in and molest her.
In the past, we met the councillor many times and told him about the
circumstances in Sathenagar. But for years nothing happened.
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Urbanization is continuing
to drive people all over the
world into crowded spaces
I have nothing
REFUGEE ACTION
70
Population (B)
Urban(%)
2005
2015
2025
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MEGACITIES:
CITY
COUNTRY
POPULATION
(ESTIMATES)
SLUM
ADJACENT CITY
POPULATION
(ESTIMATES)
CAMP
FLEEING
MOSTLY FROM
POPULATION
(ESTIMATES)
SLUMS:
REFUGEE CAMPS:
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Limited Access in
the Gaza Strip
Key Facts:
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
in Rio de Janeiro
Rio De Janeiro has an
estimated population 6.35
million, making it the second
largest city in Brazil, third
largest metro area in South
America, and 6th largest in
the Americas.
The city has a population density of
12,380 people per square mile. Almost
one in four people 1.4 million in total
live in urban slums (up from 13% in
1970s). Although per capita income
has doubled since 2000, many entering
the labor markets are illiterate, making
it challenging for businesses and the
5000
Rio City
0
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CONNECTED SERVICES:
URSULA GRANT
Indonesia
93.2 Million Urban Poor
United States
Mexico
49.7 Million Urban Poor
China
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Demand Pull
16
OPPORTUNITY
SERVICES
JOBS
Supply Push
CONNECTED SERVICES:
DESPERATION
FAMINE
WAR
MICHAEL MURPHY
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Fairchild 8:
The Economic
Opportunity Cluster
Our hope is to empower 10 million
crowded urban space dwellers to break
the cycle of poverty through finding new
and innovative ways to connect them with
not only the basic necessities of human
life, but also with the opportunities which
enable them to take ownership of their
own destinies. These opportunities may
exist locally and are in need of scale or
may need to be conceived from scratch
as micro-enterprise startups. One thing
we know is that solutions need to be bold
and challenge previous decades of ideas
and programs which dont seem to be
of the right size or scale, and have yet to
unlock the ability to break poverty.
Increasing incomes through
entrepreneurship is a viable supplyside tool to provide crowded urban
space dwellers with access to alternate,
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MARCO KAMIYA
AND JON-ANDREAS SOLBERG
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PROFIT
MINDED
MARKET
DRIVEN
IMPACT
CENTERED
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However, building
successful social
enterprises in crowded
PLAYPUMPS: TROUBLED
WATER
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MISSION PRINCIPLES
ENSURE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
EFFECTIVENESS
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CONNECTING CAPITAL:
CONNECTING PEOPLE:
CONNECTING GOODS:
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Guiding Questions
More Income
Better Outcomes
More Empowering
Better Connectivity
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Addendum:
Building successful
social enterprises
Companies who are able to think broadly and holistically about
the entire business innovation value chain are more likely to be
able to capture and create value. Social enterprises developed
for the Hult Prize, like Aspire Food Group, Nanohealth, and
IMPCT.co, have worked across these segments to design and
spaces. They are working on the ground, today, to produce at
and networks to capture new value in new ways.
do the same?
DEVELOP STRONG
CHANNELS
BUILD ENTERPRISES
WITH LOCAL PARTS AND
KNOWLEDGE
CONNECT PEOPLE,
GOODS, SERVICES, AND
CAPITAL
UNDERSTAND YOUR
CONSUMERS
CREATE VALUE
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NanoHealth:
Creating Value by
Providing Sufficient Income
IMPCT:
Creating Value by Enabling Existing Entrepreneurs
Millions of children in urban slums are
currently sitting idle in unsafe informal
daycare centers run by existing
entrepreneurs who have no training or
adequate resources. Parents are willing
to pay almost 20% of their monthly
income to these informal daycares
in order to be able to work. In Latin
America alone, there are an 200,000
such informal daycares with on average
4 kids each charging $2 / day which
means that $1.6m are spent every day
on childcare services.
By scaling up the quality and capacity
of these informal structures, IMPCT
27
AHMAD ASHKAR
KARIM SAMRA
KRISTEN TYRRELL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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