Bromide and bromate(V) ions in acid solution react according to the equation. Rate of reaction (1) is proportional to the time taken for the methyl orange solution to be bleached colourless by free bromine. To save time, you could cooperate with other students and pool your results.
Bromide and bromate(V) ions in acid solution react according to the equation. Rate of reaction (1) is proportional to the time taken for the methyl orange solution to be bleached colourless by free bromine. To save time, you could cooperate with other students and pool your results.
Bromide and bromate(V) ions in acid solution react according to the equation. Rate of reaction (1) is proportional to the time taken for the methyl orange solution to be bleached colourless by free bromine. To save time, you could cooperate with other students and pool your results.
Bromide and bromate(V) ions in acid solution react according to the equation. Rate of reaction (1) is proportional to the time taken for the methyl orange solution to be bleached colourless by free bromine. To save time, you could cooperate with other students and pool your results.
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avaned Rachid CILPAC IF
Grams) — There + eshdish (Publisred by Tohn
EXPERIMENT 44 i Moreau.)
A-bromine ‘clock! reaction
Ain
The purpose of this experiment is to
doterivine the’ rate equation for the
reaction between bromids and bromate(Y)
ions in-aqueous solution,
Introduction
Bromide and bromate(V) dons in acid solution react according to the equation:
58r“(aq) + BrOs"(aq) + SH*(aq) > 3Brz(aq) + SH20(1)+ 2)
in order to follow the reaction, two other substences ere added to the !
reaction mixture.
(a) A precisely known, snall amount of phenol. This reacts immedietely
with the bromine produced, removing it from solution
3er,(aq) + CgHsOHfeq) > CgHaBrs0H(aq) + 3H*Caq) + SBr~(eq)....++++{2)
(b) Methyl orange solution, which is bleached colourless by free bromine:
er,(aq) * methyl orange + bleached methyl orange. ..+.+ Reta
(acid form: pink) (colourless)
As soon as oll the phenol has reacted with bromine produced in
reaction (1), free bromine will appear in solution and bleach the methy?
Grange. If the time taken for the methyl orange solution to be
bleached is t, then the rate of reaction (1) is proportional to 1/%. a
tn the experiment youstudy the effect on the rate of reaction (1) of varying
the concentration of bromide ions, bromate (V) ions, and hydrogen’ ions in turn,
with the concentrations of the others held constant. To save time, you could
Gooperate with other students and pooi your results.
Requiremen’
safety spectacles
phenol solution, 0.00010 M EgH,0H
wash-bottle of distilled water
3 burettes and stands, with beakers and funnels for filling
measuring cylinder, 25 om?
potassium bromide solution, 0.010 " KBr
potassium bromate(V} solution, 0.0050 M KBrOs
acidified methyl orange solution, labelled C, 0.001%
white tile
thermometer 0-100 °C
2 beakers, 100 cm
stopclock or watch
sulphuric acid, 0,010 M H,80,
potessium bronate(V} solution, 0.20 1 KBrOs
ethyl orange solution, lebelled D, 0,001% in 0.40 Mt KBr
> 103Procedure
A. Varying the concentration of bromide ions
4, Prepare the first pair of mixtures in two beekers, as specified in
Table 44a. Use burettes to measure the potassium bromids. end phenol
solutions and the water; us a measuring cylinder for the others.
Table 44a
Beaker X Beaker ¥
Volume of | Volume of |Volume of | Volume of =| Volume of
0.01" KBr | H20 0,005 solution ¢ | 0.00070 M
Jom? fon? KBrOs/on® = | /en® phenol/em®
10.0 0 10.0 15.0 5.0
8.0 2.0 10.0 18.0 5.0
8.0 4.0 40.0 15,0 5.0
5.0 5.0 10.0 15.9 5.0
4.0 8.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
3.0 7.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
2, Have ready a copy of Results Table 44b.
Results Table 44b
Volume of Br-(aqi/on® [10.0 [8.0 js.o {5.0 [4.0 |3.0
Time, t/s :
dw o*
‘Temperature/°C ins
Average temperature of solutions = °c
3. Pour the contents of beaker X into beaker Y and start the clock.
Mix the solutions by pouring from one beaker to the other, twice,
and place the beaker containing the mixture on the white tile.
4. hen the pink colour disappears, stop the clock end record the time
ine copy of Results Table 4b. (As you are looking for a disappesrance
of colour, this may need a little practice. If in doubt, repeat the
reaction once or twice until you get consistent times.) Record the
temperature of the solution.
5. Work through the rest of the mixtures in Table 44a in the same way,
recording each result as you go. 4
8. Varying the conesntration of bromate(V) ions
6. Follow e similer procedure to that for part A, but keep the volume of
bromide solution constant at 10.0 cn® and vary the volume of
bromate(V) solution es shown in Table 440.
104Table 44¢
Beaker X Beaker Y
Volume of | Volune of | Volume of | Volume of | Volume of
0.005 M HAO 0.01 M KBr | solution C | 6.00010 M
KGrG3/on? | /on? Jon? Jon® phenol /em?
10.0 o 10.0 15.0 5.0
8.0 2.0, 10.0 15.0 5.0
8.0 4.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
Va.0 6.0 10.0 45.0 5.0
3.0 7.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
( Record your results in a copy of Results Table 44d,
Results Table 44d
Volume of BrO,~(aq)/om? | 10.0 |8,0 |6.0 |5.0 [4.0 | 3.0
Time, t/s
rot 5
Temperature/°C
Average temperature of solutions = °C
C. Verying the concentration of hydrogen ion
7. For this part of the experiment you need different solutions, as
stated in Table 448. Follow a similar procedure to that for part A.
Table 446
Beaker ¥ Bosker ¥
Volume of | Volume of | Volume of | Volume of | Volume of
0.01 m HO 0.20 m solution D | 0.00010 n
HeSOu/em? | fen? KerOs/em? | /om? phenol/cm*
10.0 o 10.0 15.0 5.0
8.0 2.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
6.0 4.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 :
5.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
4.0 6.0 wo. . | 45.0 5.0
3.0 7.0 10.0 15.0 5.0
105Record your results in a copy af Results Table 44f.
Results Table 4a
Volume of acid/on? [10.0 [ao |6.0 [5.0 [4.0 |3.0
Time, t/s
Yo s
Temperature/°C
Averege temperature of solutions = °C
Treatment of results
1
. For'edch part of the experiment, plot a graph of 1/é against volume of
the reactant under consideration, 1/é is proportional to the rate of
reaction and the volume of reactant is proportional to the concentration,
since the total volume is constant.
2.° Deduce from each graph whether or not the reaction is first order with
respect to the reactant~under consideration.
3. If you think the reaction is not first order, plet ‘another graph, as
Questions
1
2.
3.
explained below.
Suppose thet, for a reactant A, rate = ki[A]”
Under the conditions of this experiment, it follows thet
1/t = kav" CV is the initiel volume of reactant)
wy logtt/é) = mlog ¥ + logke
Plotting log(1/t) against logY should therefore give a straight line
with slope n.
Write the rate equation for the reaction.
Qualitatively compare the rates of the three reactions stated in the
introduction. -
Why does the phenol solution need to be very dilute?
106vonwcd Pradrcah Onanasl
ola Raesawree Pack -
A bromine ‘clock’ reaction
Experiment 44,
Requirements per student (or pair)
2 beakers, 100 on?
3 beakers, 190 en
3 burettes, 50 cm, end stands
3 funnels, smell
measuring cylinder, 25 cn?
thermometer, 0-100 °C
safety spectacles
stopelock or stopwatch
wash-bottle of distilled water
white tile
metiy] orange solution, 0.001%, acidified,
labelled SOLUTION C
methyl orange solution, 0.001%, in
0.40 M KBr, labelled SOLUTION D
phenol. solution, 0.0001 M CgHsOH
potassium bromate(V) solution,
0.20 M KBrOy
potassium bromste(V) solution,
0.0050 M1 KBrO
potassium Bromide solution, 0.010 M KBr
sulphuric acid, 0.010 M H,S0,
Note that, while thi
complete each pert of the experiment.
| - ~ 120 ond,
solutions need not be made up with great accuracy, it
is essential thet an individuel student has sufficient from the same stack to
CILPAC 1485) @&
Thongs +
AWeshiis &
Pulclishod ley e
Ton oe
Notes
- may be shared by
several students
= 200 om, Add 20 om® of methy2
orange solution (containing
0.5 g dm*) to 400 om? of
1M Hg80, and make up to
1000 em? .
= = 100 cn®. Dissolve 48 g of
KGr in water, add 20 on? oF
methyl orange solution (eon
toining 0.5 g dn) and make
up to 1000 on?
- = 100 cn. Make @ 0,070
solution by dissolving 1.0 g
of phenol in 1000 cn® of »
Dilute 40 cn? of this to
1000 om? imvediately before use.
- = 100 cn®. Dissolve 39.4-¢ of
KBrOs in water.and make up to
4000 em,
Take 25.0 cn® of
0.20 M KBrOs and inake up to
1000 om? with distilled water.
> = 120 cn®.- Dissolve 1.2 gp
Ker in water and make up
7000 cn.
- = 50 cn®, Dilute 10 cn? of
1.0% Hy80, to 1000 cm. Te
make 1.0 M H,80,, atid 55 cn?
of concentrated acid, slowly
and with constant stirring, to
00 cm? of water and make up
to 1000 en? .