m8 ch13 Solutions
m8 ch13 Solutions
m8 ch13 Solutions
Question 1
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Get Ready
Question 2
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Get Ready
Question 3
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Question 4
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Question 5
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Get Ready
Question 6
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Question 7
a)
b)
Get Ready
Question 8
a)
b)
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c)
Get Ready
Question 9
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Get Ready
Question 10
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It is impossible to draw a triangle so that the sum of the internal angles is not 180.
Section 13.1 Question 2
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a)
x + 35 + 75 = 180
x + 110 = 180
x + 110 110 = 180 110
x = 70
The measure of the unknown angle is 70.
b)
y + 24 + 66 = 180
y + 90 = 180
y + 90 90 = 180 90
y = 90
The measure of the unknown angle is 90.
z + 44 + 98 = 180
z + 142 = 180
z + 142 142 = 180 142
z = 38
The measure of the unknown angle is 38.
c)
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x + 49 + 62 = 180
x + 111 = 180
x + 111 111 = 180 111
x = 69
The measure of the unknown angle is 69.
b)
x + 57 + 112 = 180
x + 169 = 180
x + 169 169 = 180 169
x = 11
The measure of the unknown angle is 11.
c)
x + 39 + 39 = 180
x + 78 = 180
x + 78 78 = 180 78
x = 102
The measure of the unknown angle is 102.
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2a + 78 = 180
2a + 78 78 = 180 78
2a = 102
2a 2 = 102 2
a = 51
The measure of the unknown angles is 51.
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2b + 124 = 180
b)
c)
2c + 81 81 = 180 81
2c = 99
2c 2 = 99 2
c = 49.5
The measure of the unknown angles is 49.5.
Section 13.1 Question 8
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Let x represent the measure of the equal angle in each isosceles triangle.
a)
2 x + 36 = 180
2 x + 36 36 = 180 36
2 x = 144
2 x 2 = 144 2
x = 72
The measure of each equal angle in the isosceles triangle is 72.
b)
2 x + 88 = 180
2 x + 88 88 = 180 88
2 x = 92
2 x 2 = 92 2
x = 46
The measure of each equal angle in the isosceles triangle is 46.
c)
2 x + 155 = 180
2 x + 155 155 = 180 155
2 x = 25
2 x 2 = 25 2
x = 12.5
The measure of each equal angle in the isosceles triangle is 12.5.
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w + 90 69 = 180
w + 159 = 180
w + 159 159 = 180 159
w = 21
The measure of the unknown angle is 21.
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Let y represent the measure of each equal angle in the right triangle.
2 y + 90 = 180
2 y 90 90 = 180 90
2 y = 90
2 y 2 = 90 2
y = 45
The measure of each equal angle in the right triangle is 45.
Section 13.1 Question 13
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x + 90 + 35 = 180
x + 125 = 180
x + 125 125 = 180 125
x = 55
The measure of angle x is 55.
b) As the sun climbs higher, the base of the triangle will become narrower.
This means that angle x will decrease and the angle marked 35 will increase.
Section 13.1 Question 15
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A triangle cannot have zero acute angles. If it did, then the sum of its internal angles would be
greater than 180. For example: 91, 105, 98.
A triangle cannot have exactly one acute angle. This is also because the internal angles would be
greater than 180. For example: 90, 90, 1.
A triangle can have two acute angles. In this case, the third angle is either a right angle or it is an
obtuse angle. For example: 40, 50, 90 or 40, 40, 100.
A triangle can have three acute angles. This is known as an acute triangle.
For example: 50, 60, 70.
Section 13.1 Question 17
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Each triangle has a 60 angle and an 80 angle. The sum of the internal angles of every triangle is
180. So, the third angle in both triangles is 40.
Since the two triangles have the same angles, you can conclude that they are the same shape, and
that their sides are proportional.
The two triangles have the same shape, but they have different side lengths. This means that the
two triangles are similar triangles.
Section 13.1 Question 21
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x + 2 x + x = 180
4 x = 180
4 x 4 = 180 4
x = 45
The angles on home plate are 90, 135, 90, 135, and 90.
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Supplementary angles have measures that add to 180. Subtract the given
angle measure from 180 to find the supplementary angle measure.
Section 13.2 Question 3
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Complementary angles have measures that add to 90. Subtract the given angle measure from 90
to find the complementary angle measure.
To find the complementary angle measure, solve the equation x + 73 = 90.
Section 13.2 Question 4
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a) Angle y and the 61 angle are opposite angles. They are equal.
Therefore, the measure of angle y is 61.
x + 61 61 = 180 61
x = 119
The measure of angle x is 119.
Angle z and angle x are opposite angles. They are equal. The measure of angle z is 119.
b) Angle b and the 148 angle are opposite angles. They are equal.
The measure of angle b is 148.
Angle a and the 148 angle are supplementary angles. They add
to 180.
a + 148 = 180
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c) All four angles are equal. Therefore, they each measure 90.
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x + 32 32 = 180 32
x = 148
The other three angle measures formed by the intersecting lines are 148, 148, and 32.
b) Two intersecting lines form a 91 angle.
One angle is opposite to the 91 angle.
Two angles are supplementary to the 91 angle.
x + 91 91 = 180 91
x = 89
The other three angle measures formed by the intersecting lines are 89, 89, and 91.
c) Two intersecting lines form a 179 angle.
One angle is opposite to the 179 angle.
Two angles are supplementary to the 179 angle.
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x + 29 29 = 90 29
x = 61
The measure of the unknown angle is 61.
b) Angle y and the 78 angle are complementary angles.
They add to 90.
z + 45 45 = 90 45
z = 45
The measure of the unknown angle is 45.
Section 13.2 Question 7
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BDA and the 38 angle are complementary angles. They add to 90.
Solve the equation to find the measure of BDA.
BDA + 38 = 90
BDA + 38 38 = 90 38
BDA = 52
The measure of BDA is 52.
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Let x represent the measure of the angle that is complementary to each given angle.
x + 30 = 90
a)
x + 30 30 = 90 30
x = 60
A 60 angle is complementary to a 30 angle.
x + 87 = 90
b)
x + 87 87 = 90 87
x = 3
A 3 angle is complementary to an 87 angle.
x + 5 = 90
c)
x + 5 5 = 90 5
x = 85
An 85 angle is complementary to a 5 angle.
Section 13.2 Question 9
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Let x represent the measure of the angle that is supplementary to each given angle.
x + 45 = 180
a)
x + 45 45 = 180 45
x = 135
A 135 angle is supplementary to a 45 angle.
x + 90 = 180
b)
x + 90 90 = 180 90
x = 90
A 90 angle is supplementary to a 90 angle.
x + 161 = 180
c)
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The three angles form a straight angle. This means that the
sum of the angles measures is 180. The angles are
supplementary.
2 x + 110 = 180
2 x + 110 110 = 180 110
2 x = 70
2 x 2 = 70 2
x = 35
Each unknown angle in the diagram measures 35.
Section 13.2 Question 12
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Supplementary angles:
DEA, FEA; DEC, FEC;
DEG, FEG; DEI, FEI;
HEG, BEG; HEA, BEA;
BEC, HEC; BEI, HEI
Complementary angles:
ABE, CBE; CFE, IFE;
GHE, IHE; GDE, ADE;
DEB, FEB; BEF, HEF;
FEH, DEH; HED, BED;
BAE, DAE; BEA, DEA;
DGE, HGE; DEG, HEG;
BCE, FCE; BEC, FEC;
FIE, HIE; FEI, HEI
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a) There are eight acute angles. All eight acute angles measure 45.
b) There are eight right angles.
c) There are eight obtuse angles. All eight obtuse angles measure 135.
d) There are eight pairs of complementary angles. For each point on the
compass, there is another point that makes up a complementary angle.
Since there are eight points on the compass, there are eight pairs of complementary angles.
Section 13.2 Question 18
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Angles x and y are interior angles, which means that they are
supplementary angles. The sum of the measures of supplementary
angles is 180. So, the equation for the sum of the angles is
x + y = 180.
If you know the measure of angle x, then you can substitute it into the equation and solve for y.
Section 13.3 Question 4
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Angle x and the 75 angle are corresponding angles. They are equal.
Therefore, the measure of angle x is 75.
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Angle y and the 137 angle are alternate angles. They are equal.
Therefore, the measure of angle y is 137.
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z + 96 96 = 180 96
z = 84
The measure of angle z is 84.
Section 13.3 Question 7
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a)
c)
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= 180 + 180
= 360
The sum of all four angle measures is 360.
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a) Interior angles:
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x + 42 + 90 = 180
x + 132 = 180
x + 132 132 = 180 132
x = 48
Angle x measures 48.
b) Answers will vary.
Section 13.3 Question 19
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The two acute angles are equal. Extend one of the edges of the
sidewalk. Let the acute angle be x. Identify the pairs of
corresponding angles to show that the other acute angle is equal to x.
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Method 1:
XZY and WXZ are alternate angles. So, XZY
measures 40. Now, you have two out of the three
angle measures in XYZ to substitute into the formula for the sum of the internal angles of a
triangle.
Method 2:
WXZ + ZXY = 130. WXY and XYZ are interior angles. They add to 180.
Section 13.4 Question 2
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You cannot find the measure of angle x in the diagram. You only know one
angle in each triangle. You need to know at least two angles to find the
third angle measure in a triangle.
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NMP and PLK are alternate angles. So, PLK measures 60.
Now, use the formula for the sum of the internal angles in a triangle.
KPL + PLK + LKP = 180
KPL + 60 + 70 = 180
KPL + 130 = 180
KPL + 130 130 = 180 130
KPL = 50
The measure of KPL is 50.
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Let x represent the angle that is directly above the 100 angle.
The 100 angle and angle x are interior angles. They are
supplementary.
x + 100 = 180
x + 100 100 = 180 100
x = 80
The measure of angle x is 80.
Angle z and angle x are corresponding angles. They are equal. So, the measure of angle z is 80.
Section 13.4 Question 7
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Look at the big triangle. The three internal angles are 35, 50, and 60 + r.
35 + 50 + 60 + r = 180
145 + r = 180
145 145 + r = 180 145
r = 35
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m + 90 = 140
m + 90 90 = 140 90
m = 50
The measure of angle m is 50.
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ADB and CBD are alternate angles. So, CBD measures 41.
ABD and BDC are alternate angles. So, BDC measures 39.
Now, you can write an equation for the sum of the internal angles
for BCD.
BCD + CBD + BDC = 180
BCD + 41 + 39 = 180
BCD + 80 = 180
BCD + 80 80 = 180 80
BCD = 100
The measure of BCD is 100.
Section 13.4 Question 10
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Draw a line parallel to the other parallel lines, splitting angle y into
two angles, a and b, as shown.
Angle x and angle a are alternate angles. They are equal.
Angle x and angle b are alternate angles. They are equal.
y = a + b, which means that y = x + x or 2x.
Therefore, y = 2x.
The measure of angle y is double the measure of angle x.
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To divide an angle in half, fold the paper so that the two rays of the angle overlap.
Section 13.5 Question 2
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Set your compasses to 5 cm using a ruler. Start at the corner of a piece of paper, and mark 5 cm
along each edge. This will result in a 90 angle with arms 5 cm long.
Section 13.5 Question 3
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To divide a line segment in half, fold the paper so that the two endpoints of the line segment
overlap.
Section 13.5 Question 5
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a)
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Step 1: Set your compasses to 5 cm, the distance between the two points.
Step 2: Start at one corner of a piece of paper. Mark 5 cm along each
edge.
Step 3: Fold the paper at one of the 5 cm marks, lining up the edges of
the sheet. Then, fold the paper at the other mark, lining up the
edges of the sheet. The intersection of the two folds is the other
corner of the square.
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Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
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a) This method works because each side of the triangle formed has a
length that is equal to the radius of the circle.
b) Set your compasses to 5 cm, and follow the procedure.
c) If the second circle is smaller than the first circle, you will construct
an isosceles triangle, as shown.
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a) The angle measures in the left triangle are 45, 45, and 90. The angle measures in the right
triangle are 30, 60, and 90.
b) You can draw any of the angles in part a) by tracing the appropriate vertex of the plastic
triangle.
c) You can combine the plastic triangles to draw the acute angles 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75.
d) You can combine the plastic triangles to draw the obtuse angles 105, 120, 135, 150, and
165.
Section 13.5 Question 19
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a) 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm. Yes, the longest side is less than the sum of the other two sides.
7 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm. No, the longest side equals the sum of the other two sides.
9 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm. No, the longest side is longer than the sum of the other two sides.
b) The longest side of a triangle must be less than the sum of the other two sides in order to
construct the triangle.
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Chapter 13 Review
Review
Question 1
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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Lines in the same plane that do not intersect are called PARALLEL lines.
Review
Question 5
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Question 6
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ALTERNATE angles are a pair of equal angles formed between a pair of parallel lines and on
opposite sides of a transversal.
Review
Question 7
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INTERIOR angles are a pair of supplementary angles formed between a pair of parallel lines and
on the same side of a transversal.
Review
Question 8
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Review
Question 9
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Question 10
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An obtuse angle is an angle that is larger than 90. A triangle can have a maximum of one obtuse
angle. If a triangle were to have more than one obtuse angle, then the sum of its internal angles
would be greater than 180.
Review
Question 11
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Question 12
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x + 103 = 180
x + 103 103 = 180 103
x = 77
So, two of the angles measure 77.
The other angle is opposite to the 103 angle.
Opposite angles are equal. So, the angle measure is 103.
The three angles formed are: 103, 77, and 77.
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Review
Question 13
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y + y + 26 = 90
2 y + 26 = 90
2 y + 26 26 = 90 26
2 y = 64
2 y 2 = 64 2
y = 32
Each angle y measures 32.
Review
Question 14
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The two angles are supplementary. So, the sum of the angle measures is 180.
The difference between the two angle measures is 30.
Let x represent the measure of the smaller angle.
Then, x + 30 gives the measure of the larger angle.
Set up and solve an equation for the sum of the two angle measures.
x + ( x + 30) = 180
x + x + 30 = 180
2 x + 30 = 180
2 x + 30 30 = 180 30
2 x = 150
2 x 2 = 150 2
x = 75
The measure of the smaller angle is 75. The measure of the larger angle is 75 + 30 = 105.
Review
Question 15
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Question 16
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No, two angles in a triangle cannot be supplementary. If two angles were supplementary, then the
third angle of the triangle would have to measure 0 since the angles in a triangle add to 180. It
is not possible to have an angle in a triangle that measures 0.
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Review
Question 17
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Review
Question 18
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Question 19
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Review
Question 20
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Review
Question 21
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BAC = BCA
Let x represent the unknown angle measure in ABC.
Step 1: The sum of the angles in ABC is 180.
2 x + 48 = 180
2 x + 48 48 = 180 48
2 x = 132
2 x 2 = 132 2
x = 66
So BAC measures 66.
Step 2: Set up an equation for the sum of the angles in ABD. Solve the equation to find the
measure of BAD.
BAD + 48 + 37 = 180
BAD + 85 = 180
BAD + 85 85 = 180 85
BAD = 95
Step 3: BAD = BAC + CAD. Substitute the angle measures you know. Then, solve the
equation.
BAD = BAC + CAD
95 = 66 + CAD
95 66 = 66 66 + CAD
29 = CAD
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Review
Question 22
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Question 23
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Question 24
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Use the 90 angle from a math set to draw a 90 corner. Extend the lines of the corner to
construct two perpendicular lines.
Review
Question 25
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Review
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Review
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Question 26
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MHR Chapter 13
Question 1
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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A For two parallel lines and a transversal, the angles in a pair of corresponding angles are equal.
Practice Test
Question 5
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A triangle cannot have two right angles. If it did, then the sum of its angles would be greater than
180.
Practice Test
Question 6
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2 x = 180
2 x 2 = 180 2
x = 90
The measure of the angles is 90.
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Practice Test
Question 7
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x + 67 = 180
x + 67 67 = 180 67
x = 113
Two of the angles measure 113.
The other angle is opposite the 67 angle. So, it will measure 67.
The three angles formed are 67, 113, and 113.
Practice Test
Question 8
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Question 9
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Question 10
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Practice Test
Question 11
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a + 69 = 180
a + 69 69 = 180 69
a = 111
The measure of angle a is 111.
The 34 angle and angle b are opposite angles.
The measure of angle b is 34.
Angle r and angle a are alternate angles.
The measure of angle r is 111.
Angle q and angle b are interior angles.
q + 34 = 180
q + 34 34 = 180 34
q = 146
The measure of angle q is 146.
Angles a, b, and p are the internal angles of a triangle.
p + a + b = 180
p + 111 + 34 = 180
p + 145 = 180
p + 145 145 = 180 145
p = 35
The measure of angle p is 35.
Practice Test
Question 12
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Practice Test
Question 13
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Practice Test
Question 14
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Practice Test
Question 15
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Answers will vary. You can use a plastic square from a math set or paper folding.
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