Basic Infection Prevention and Control For Hospital Staff and Healthcare Providers
Basic Infection Prevention and Control For Hospital Staff and Healthcare Providers
Basic Infection Prevention and Control For Hospital Staff and Healthcare Providers
PREVENTION AND
CONTROL FOR HOSPITAL
STAFF AND HEALTHCARE
OUTLINE OF
DISCUSSION
Standard Precaution
Transmission-Based
Precautions
Isolation
STANDA
RD
STANDARD
PRECAUTION
WHO DEFINITION:
Methods to reduce the risk
of transmission of
bloodborne and other
pathogens from both
recognized and
unrecognized sources
CDC DEFINITION:
The minimum infection
prevention measures that
apply to all patient care,
regardless of suspected or
confirmed infection status
of the patient, in any
setting where health care is
delivered
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION
+
BODY SUBSTANCE
ISOLATION
STANDARD
PRECAUTION
=
COMPONENTS
HAND HYGIENE
USE OF PPE
EXTENDED
COMPONENTS
RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
SAFE INJECTION PRACTICES
SAFE HANDLING OF
POTENTIALLY
CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT
OR SURFACES IN THE
PATIENT ENVIRONMENT
HAND
HYGIE
USE OF PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
GLOVES
IF HANDS WILL COME INTO
CONTACT WITH PATIENTS BODY
FLUIDS
ALSO USED IF TOUCHING
PATIENTS MUCOUS MEMBRANES
AND NON-INTACT SKIN
MASK
FOR PATIENTS WITH
RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS
FOR COLONIZED PATIENTS
WHO UNDERGO AEROSOLIZING
PROCEDURES/TREATMENT
(NEBULIZATION)
EYE PROTECTION
USED WHEN PATIENT CARE
ACTIVITIES ARE LIKELY TO
CAUSE SPLASHES /SPRAYS
OF BODY
FLUIDS/SECRETIONS
GOWN
SHOULD BE USED DURING
PROCEDURES WHEN CONTACT
OF CLOTHING OR EXPOSED SKIN
WITH BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS,
SECRETIONS AND EXCRETIONS
IS ANTICIPATED
RESPIRATORY
HYGIENE
A COUGH PRODUCES
UP TO 5000 DROPLETS
A SNEEZE CAN
PRODUCE UP TO
40,000 DROPLETS
IS A SOURCE CONTROL
MEASURE DEVELOPED
DURING THE SEVERE ACUTE
RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
(SARS) OUTBREAK
ELEMENTS:
COUGHING/SNEEZING
ETIQUETTE
EDUCATION OF HEALTH
WORKERS, PATIENTS AND
VISITORS
POSTED SIGNAGES
WITH INSTRUCTIONS
TO PATIENTS AND
ACCOMPANYING
FAMILY
MEMBERS/FRIENDS
SPATIAL SEPARATION
OF PERSONS WITH
RESPIRATORY
INFEECTIONS IN
COMMON WAITING
AREAS WHEN POSSIBLE
COUGH
COVER
ETIQUETTE
YOUR COUGH/SNEEZE
WITH A TISSUE OR A
HANDKERCHIEF
IF NOT AVAILABLE, USE
SLEEVES OF CLOTHES
SAFE INJECTION
PRACTICES
AVOIDANCE OF
RECAPPING
IF NOT POSSIBLE =
ONE HAND SCOOP
TECHNIQUE
SAFE HANDLING OF
POTENTIALLY
CONTAMINATED
EQUIPMENT OR
SURFACES IN THE
PATIENT
TRANSMISSION
BASED
PRECAUTIONS
CONTACT
PRECAUTION
APPLIES TO PATIENTS WITH THE
FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS:
Generalized rashes/exanthems
Stool incontinence
Draining wounds and lesions with
uncontrolled secretions
PLACE PATIENT IN A
PRIVATE ROOM
AMBULATORY: PLACE
IN AN EXAMINATION/
TREATMENT ROOM
PATHOGEN-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS:
C. difficile
Rotavirus
Hepatitis A
Herpes simplex
Impetigo (Streptococci)
Lice
Scabies
DROPLET
PRECAUTION
FOR PATIENTS SUSPECTED
OR KNOWN TO BE INFECTED
WITH MICROORGANISMS
SPREAD BY RESPIRATORY
DROPLETS
RESPIRATORY DROPLETS
= >5 um in size
= up to 3 feet
= talking, sneezing,
coughing, aerosolgenerating procedures
Suctioning
Collection of respiratory
specimen
Resuscitation
Endotracheal intubation
PATHOGEN-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS
Diptheria
Influenza
Mumps
Pertussis
Meningococci
AIRBORNE
PRECAUTIONS
USED FOR PATIENTS KNOWN
OR SUSPECTED TO BE
INFECTED WITH AGENTS
THAT ARE TRANSMITTED BY
THE AIRBORNE ROUTE
INFECTIOUS DROPLET
NUCLEI
=DRIED RESIDUE FORMED
BY EVAPORATION OF
DROPLETS OR THRU
AEROSOLIZATION
AMBULATORY SETTING:
PLACE PATIENT/S IN A
WELL-VENTILATED AREA,
PREFERABLY FAR FROM
OTHER PATIENTS
PLACE SURGICAL MASK
ON THE PATIENT
N95 RESPIRATOR
TUBERCULOSIS
MERS-CoV
MEASLES
CHICKENPOX
ISOLATION
STRICT ISOLATION
USED FOR DISEASE
SPREAD THROUGH
THE AIR
ISOLATION ROOM
CONTACT ISOLATION
DROPLET ISOLATION
AIRBORNE ISOLATION
REVERSE ISOLATION