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    SOIL Formation

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    Ika Bayu Kartikasari
    Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the process by which soil develops over time due to the interaction of various soil forming factors, including climate, organisms, parent material, topography, and time. These factors influence key soil processes like weathering, decomposition, erosion, and chemical reactions that transform the parent material and create distinct soil horizons. The rate of soil formation can vary significantly depending on the climate and environment, ranging from around 1 cm every 1,000 years in cold climates to 30 cm every 50 years in warmer, wetter regions with more biological activity.

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    SOIL Formation

    Uploaded by

    Ika Bayu Kartikasari
    116 views12 pages
    Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the process by which soil develops over time due to the interaction of various soil forming factors, including climate, organisms, parent material, topography, and time. These factors influence key soil processes like weathering, decomposition, erosion, and chemical reactions that transform the parent material and create distinct soil horizons. The rate of soil formation can vary significantly depending on the climate and environment, ranging from around 1 cm every 1,000 years in cold climates to 30 cm every 50 years in warmer, wetter regions with more biological activity.

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    Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the process by which soil develops over time due to the interaction of various soil forming factors, including climate, organisms, parent material, topography, and time. These factors influence key soil processes like weathering, decomposition, erosion, and chemical reactions that transform the parent material and create distinct soil horizons. The rate of soil formation can vary significantly depending on the climate and environment, ranging from around 1 cm every 1,000 years in cold climates to 30 cm every 50 years in warmer, wetter regions with more biological activity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    116 views12 pages

    SOIL Formation

    Uploaded by

    Ika Bayu Kartikasari
    Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the process by which soil develops over time due to the interaction of various soil forming factors, including climate, organisms, parent material, topography, and time. These factors influence key soil processes like weathering, decomposition, erosion, and chemical reactions that transform the parent material and create distinct soil horizons. The rate of soil formation can vary significantly depending on the climate and environment, ranging from around 1 cm every 1,000 years in cold climates to 30 cm every 50 years in warmer, wetter regions with more biological activity.

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    Soil and Groundwater Pollution

    Soil Formation Factors and


    Processes

    Pedogenesis
    The process of soil formation as the result of

    the combination of soil forming factors


    leading to addition, loss, transformation
    and translocation of materials
    Slow--------------------------------------Fast
    ~ 1 cm/1000 yr
    ~ 30cm/50yr

    Soil Forming Factors


    Organisms

    Topography

    Time
    Climate

    Parent Material

    Climate

    Temperature
    Rates of bedrock weathering
    The activity of soil microorganisms
    The frequency and magnitude of soil

    chemical reactions
    The rate of plant growth

    Moisture
    Controlled by precipitation and

    evapotranspiration
    High moisture availability in a soil promotes
    the weathering, chemical reactions, and
    plant growth
    Also has an influence on soil pH and the
    decomposition of organic matter

    Living Organisms
    -type of vegetation influences soil type
    -sources of organic matter
    -nutrient recycling
    -vegetation prevents erosion

    Topography
    The land position and slope
    Important for rate of runoff, erosion,

    infiltration

    Parent
    Material

    Determines texture, types of weathering,


    mineral make-up

    Time

    How long soil has been exposed to


    weathering and soil forming processes
    influences soil properties

    Soil Processes
    Transformation
    Translocation
    Addition
    Loss

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