Creating Objects

Objectives
In this session, you will learn to:
Identify variables and data types
Write and execute a C++ program
Use arrays

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Creating Objects
Variables
Are Named locations in memory that contain specific
values
Rules for naming variables in C++:
Should not have any embedded spaces or symbols
Should be unique
Can have any number of characters
Must begin with a letter or an underscore, which
may be followed by a sequence of letters, digits, or
underscores
Keywords cannot be used as variable names
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Creating Objects
Data Types
Define the type of data that can be stored in a variable
Built-in data types are:
char - For characters and strings
int - For integers
float - For numbers with decimals

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Programming Using C++/Session 2/Slide 3 of 20

Creating Objects
Data Types (Contd.)

Data Type

Number of
Bytes on a
32-bit
Computer

Minimum
Value

Maximum
Value

char

-128

127

int

-2^31

(2^31)-1

float

-10^39

10^39

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Programming Using C++/Session 2/Slide 4 of 20

Creating Objects
Member Variables
Are used to implement attributes in C++
Are declared inside the class body
Example:
class Car
{
float price;
};

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Creating Objects
Accepting and Storing Values in Member Variables
The cin object is used to accept input from the user
Example:
class Car
{
float price;
public:
void acceptprice()
{
cout << Enter Price :;cin >> price;
}
};

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Creating Objects
Writing and Executing a C++ Program
The iostream header file
Is called a pre-processor directive
The main() function
Is mandatory in C++ programming for program
execution
Creating objects
Is required for reserving memory at the time of
declaration

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Creating Objects
Compiling, Linking, and Executing a Program
Is done by following the listed steps:
1. The C++ program should contain the #include
statement, the class declaration and member
function definition, and the main() function.
2. Save the file with a .cc extension.
3. Compile the file using the gpp <file name>
command from the command prompt.
4. Execute the file using the a.out command from
the command prompt.

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Creating Objects
Executing C++ Programs
a.out executes the initial
startup code
The startup code executes
the main() function

When the main() function

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Creating Objects
Array
Is a collection of elements of a single data type stored
in adjacent memory locations
Syntax:
<data_type> <variable_name>[<dimension_size>];
Example:
int arr[5];

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Creating Objects
Declaring and Initializing an Array
Example:
arr[0]
arr[1]
arr[2]
arr[3]
arr[2]

=
=
=
=
=

14;
15;
17;
45;
81;

Example:
int arr[5] = {14, 15, 17, 45, 81};
Example:
int arr[] = {14, 15, 17, 45, 81};
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Creating Objects
Declaring and Initializing an Array (Contd.)
Size of an array should be specified at the time of its
declaration
Example:
char err[]; //ERROR!! will not compile
An array cannot be initialized with another array
Example:
xyz = abc;

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Creating Objects
String Constant
Is an array of characters terminated by a
NULL(\0)
Example:
char str[] = "SANDY";
Can be schematically represented as:

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Programming Using C++/Session 2/Slide 13 of 20

Creating Objects
Problem Statement 2.D.1
As a member of a team that is developing the billing
system software for Diaz Telecommunications Inc., you
have been assigned the task of creating a software module
that accepts the following customer details and displays it.
1. Mobile number, containing a maximum of 12
characters
2. Name, containing a maximum of 25 characters
3. Date of birth, containing a maximum of 10 characters
4. Billing address, containing a maximum of 50
characters

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Creating Objects
Problem Statement 2.D.1 (Contd.)
5. City, containing a maximum of 25 characters
6. Residence phone number, containing a maximum of
13 characters.
7. Amount outstanding, containing decimal values

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Programming Using C++/Session 2/Slide 15 of 20

Creating Objects
Problem Statement 2.P.1
As a part of the team that is developing the billing system
software for Diaz Telecommunications Inc., you have
been assigned the task of writing a program that accepts
dealer details. The details to be captured are given
below:
First Name
Last Name
City
Phone number

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Creating Objects
Problem Statement 2.P.1 (Contd.)
Write a C++ program to accept and display the dealer
details.
The dealer details should be displayed in the following
format:
First name:

Last name:

City:

Phone number:

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Programming Using C++/Session 2/Slide 17 of 20

Creating Objects
Summary
In this lesson, you learned that:
A variable is a named location in memory that contains a
specific value
A data type defines the type of data that can be stored in
a variable
Member variables are declared inside the class body
The cin object is used to accept input from the
keyboard
The contents of header files are inserted into a program
with the #include directive
The C++ program execution starts from the first
statement of the main()function
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Creating Objects
Summary (Contd.)
Comment entries are notes that a programmer writes
anywhere in the code so that any programmer reading
the code will understand it better
An object is an instance of a class
The compiler is a software that translates a program
written in a language like C++ into machine language
and the file containing the translated program is called
the object code of your program
Linking combines your object code with the object code
of the functions you use and adds some standard
startup code to produce a run-time version of your
program
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Creating Objects
Summary (Contd.)
The Dos-based DJGPP compiler for C++ generates
the executable code and stores it in a file named
a.exe
An array is a collection of elements of a single data
type stored in adjacent memory locations
The array can be initialized when it is defined or later
An array must be given a constant dimension size,
which should be at least 1
Each element of an array can be accessed by its
subscript number

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