Breast Cancer Epidemiology
Breast Cancer Epidemiology
Breast Cancer Epidemiology
cancer
By: Brittany Tokurah
Makoulako Fofana
& Tyson Jones
What is breast
cancer?
As defined by the National
Cancer Institute, breast cancer
is the cancer that forms in the
tissues of the breast, usually
the ducts (Tubes that carry
milk to the nipple) and lobules
(glands that create milk).
Breast
Anatomy
1. Chest Wall
2. Pectoralis
Muscle
3. Lobules
4. Nipple
5. Areola
6. Lactiferous
ducts
7. Fatty Tissue
8. Skin
The malignant
tumor can invade
into the surrounding
tissues and lymph
nodes to spread
(metastasize) to
distant areas in the
body.
History
Leading cause of death of women between ages
40 and 55.
It is the second most common cancer among
women, with about 235,000 new cases each
year.
Breast cancer is known as a womans disease,
but men also develop breast cancer.
Survival rates today are higher ever due to
advances in diagnosis and treatment.
230,480 (Female)
39,520(Female)
2,140 (Male)
450 (Male)
Definition
Stage 0
Stage I
Stage
Definition
Stage IIIA
Stage IIIB
The tumor is any size and has spread to the chest wall and /or skin
of breast
AND
may have spread to axillary lymph nodes that are clumped
together or sticking to other structures or cancer is found in lymph
nodes near breastbone
Stage
Definition
Stage
IIIC
Stage IV
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 4
Stage 3
Risk Factors
Age
The risk of cancer development increases as you age.
Only 1 of 8 invasive breast cancers are found in women
younger than 45, while almost 2 of 3 invasive breast
cancers are found in women age 55 or older. Half of all
women diagnosed are age 65.
Family history
Having a first-degree relative such as mother, sister, or
daughter doubles a womans risk of breast cancer. While
having 2 first-degree relatives triple the risk of breast
cancer. This is a significant factor, BUT 85% of women
who get breast cancer do not have a family history of
this disease.
Reproductive history
Having your first child at an age past 30 or not having
given birth slightly increases the risk, as pregnancy
reduces a womans total number of menstrual cycles.
Taking birth control pills also increases the risk.
Prevention
Avoiding risk factor and increasing
protective factors may prevent
breast cancer.
Changing lifestyle or eating habits.
Avoiding things known to cause
cancer.
Taking medicines to treat a
precancerous condition or to keep
cancer from starting.
What is a Mammogram?
A mammogram is the current gold
standard non-invasive technique for
reliable early detection of breast cancer.
Types of Mammograms
Screening Mammograms
Are used to check for
breast cancer in women
who do not have signs or
symptoms of breast
cancer.
These x-ray images make
it possible to detect
tumors and micro
calcifications.
Helps with early detection
and treatment.
Diagnostic Mammograms
Are used to check for
breast cancer after a
lump or other signs and
symptoms of the disease
have been found.
These x-rays take much
longer and also are used
in certain circumstances
like breast implants.
How is a
Mammogram
done?
You will stand in front of a
special X-ray machine.
A technologist will place your
breast on a clear plastic plate.
Another plate will firmly press
your breast from above.
The plates will flatten the
breast, holding it still while the Xray is being taken. You will feel
some pressure.
The other breast will be X-rayed
in the same way.
The steps are then repeated to
make a side view of each breast.
Wait for you results.
Abnormal
**An abnormal mammogram does not always mean that there is cancer. But you will
need to have additional mammograms, tests, or exams before the doctor can tell for
sure.
Treatments
Screening for early detection
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy
Treatment methods are classified as local or systemic.
Local treatments (such as surgery and radiation therapy)
remove, destroy or control cancer cells in a specific area.
Systemic treatments, such as chemotherapy and hormonal
therapy, destroy or control cancer cells throughout the body.
Depending on your condition, you may receive a single
treatment or a combination of therapies given at the same
time or in succession.
Breast cancer
awareness
Discussions
References
American Cancer Society
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-ca
ncer-what-is-breast-cancer
Breast Cancer organization
http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.j
sp
National Breast Cancer Foundation
http://
www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspx
National Cancer institute
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast
University of California San Francisco Medical center
http://www.Ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/