COMPARISON BETWEEN

JINNAH AND GANDHI

Group Members:

• Muhammad Adnan 08-EE-27

• Junaid U Din 08-EE-99

• Anas Razzaq 08-EE-114

• Khubaib Bashir 08-EE-126

• Naqash Haider 08-EE-132

Contents:
• Introduction
• Mr. Jinnah
• Mr. Gandhi
• Non-Cooperative Movement
• Civil Disobedience
• Round Table Conferences
• Lahore Resolution
• Jinnah-Gandhi Dialogue
Introduction:
• Jinah & Gandhi are considered as two of the great leaders of 20th
century.
• one is a great hero for Pakistanis and known as Quaid –E-Azam
(great leader) & other is great hero for India known as Mahatma
(great soul).
• As far as our topic is concern we have to analyze the personality
of Mr. Jinnah & Mr. Gandhi
• We will try to find out their
Struggle
Impact on people
Acceptance in society
Respect in society
Their Overall Achievements

Mr. Jinnah:
• Mr. Jinnah was born in Karachi on 25thDec 1876.
• He was educated at the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam and the
Christian Mission School
• Jinnah joined the Lincoln's Inn in 1893 to become the youngest
Indian to be called to the Bar
• Three years later, he became Bombay's most famous lawyer

Mr. Gandhi:
• M.K. Gandhi was born in 2nd Oct 1869 in Porbandar (now in
Gujarat state) was a princely state ruled by a clan of rajputs, and
Gandhi's father was one of his prime ministers.
• Gandhi also profited from the British, going to London, when he
was young to get a good education.
• After that, he became a lawyer in South Africa.
• It was in these two places (South Africa and London) that he saw
how much Indian people were discriminated against, and decided
to fight harder against the British.
• In south Africa, when he was not allowed to travel through first
class cabin because of being Indian he first time realized that
how much Indians are discriminated all over the world
• So he started his fight for the rights of Indians in South Africa
• In south Africa he apposed the marriage rule (that only Christian
marriage in legal)
• He went to jail many times in South Africa for non corporation &
not obeying the rules. Once he was beaten in the train for not
leaving the path for White People

Jinnah in politics:
• After coming back from London he practiced law in Mumbai
• Jinnah joined “Indian National Congress”(INC) in 1905 , from here
starts his political era
• Although the “All India Muslim League”(AIML) established in
1906 but it’s aim doesn’t appealed Mr. Jinnah , because its
objectives included the loyalty to British govt.
• This step shows that he was a great supporter of Hindu-Muslim
unity
• After the annulment of Bengal Partition, Muslims realized that
they should have an established political platform
• Some reforms were introduced in AIML constitution
• To stabilize AIML Jinnah came forward as a leading leader
• At the same time he was also amemeber of AICN & Home Rule
League

Gandhi Back to India:

• M .K.Gandhi returned sub continent in 1915,he visited different
areas of India to study the condition of Indians
• Joined “Home Rule League”
• “Home Rule League” was an anti British party
• From this step we can conclude that he detested the British rule ,
and wanted Indians to rule
• We can also say that he was a true nationalist

Khilafat Movement:
• The Khilafat Movement was launched in India by Ali brothers &
other Islamic scholars in 1919 to protect the Turkish Caliphate
from dismemberment by Britain & allies
• Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement by saying
“If I deem the Mahomedan to be my brother, it is my duty
to help him in his hour of peril to the best of my ability, if
his cause commends I tself to me as just.”
and became a member of the Central Khilafat Committee
• On the other hand Jinnah opposed it & said:
“I strongly oppose Indian Muslims engaging themselves
in extra territorial affairs relating to Muslims outside
India.”
• Here one finds Jinnah as a true patriot and not one guided by
religious sentiments
• One can also say that Gandhi also behaved as a non
sentimental leader by supporting the Khilafat Movement
• As things turned out, Gandhi did succeed in attracting Muslims
closer to the Congress by supporting the Khilafat Movement
• Chagla in his book, “Roses in December” has stated that he
felt that Gandhi was wrong in trying to bring about Hindu-
Muslim unity by supporting the cause of Khilafat. Such
unity, he felt, was based on ‘shifting sands.’
• Whatever people say about Gandhi’s role in Khilafat
movement ,we can’t say that Gandhi cheated Muslims

Non-Cooperation Movement (1922-24):

• Along with the Khilafat Movement ,Mr. Gandhi also launched Civil
Disobedience Movement
• Purpose of this movement was to
– boycott British Goods
– return the designations awarded by British
– leave the British offices
– boycott British Courts etc.
• Gandhi said it would be a non- violence movement
• Jinnah totally opposed the movement and left the INC
• Jinnah predicted that it would turn out to be a violating
movement
• Later on Jinnah's point of view was proved when Chora Chori
Incident happened
• Gandhi at last called of civil disobedience
• Afterwards Mr. Gandhi called it a “Himalayan Blunder”
• These circumstances prove the vision of Mr. Jinnah
• Gandhi once said he has not even studied the 1919 act
• Gandhi spun his own cloth for 2 hours a day that’s why the
spinning wheel is a symbol of Indian Resistance.

Jinnah in 1920’s:
• In September 1923, Jinnah was elected as Muslim member for
Bombay in the new Central Legislative Assembly. He showed
great gifts as a parliamentarian, organized many Indian
members to work with the Swaraj Party, and continued to press
demands for full responsible government. He was so active on a
wide range of subjects that in 1925 he was offered a knighthood
by Lord Reading when he retired as Viceroy and Governor
General. Jinnah replied: "I prefer to be plain Mr. Jinnah"
• In 1927, Jinnah entered negotiations with Muslim and Hindu
leaders on the issue of a future constitution, during the struggle
against the all-British Simon Commission. The League wanted
separate electorates while the Nehru Report favoured joint
electorates. Jinnah personally opposed separate electorates, but
then drafted compromises and put forth demands that he
thought would satisfy both. These became known as the 14
points of Mr. Jinnah. However, they were rejected by the
Congress and other political parties.
• Jinnah's personal life and especially his marriage suffered during
this period due to his political work. Although they worked to
save their marriage by travelling together to Europe when he
was appointed to the Sandhurst committee, the couple
separated in 1927. Jinnah was deeply saddened when Rattanbai
died in 1929, after a serious illness.
• Mr. Jinnah, wrote his “Famous Fourteen Points”.
Fourteen Points:
• Jinnah gave the constitutional solution for the subcontinent in
reply of Nehru report
• In which he demanded the rights for the Muslims & other
minorities
• Both Hindus and Muslims rejected each others constitutional
proposals
The fourteen Points depict the soul of ideal constitution for the
minorities
Civil disobedience movement
• Gandhi launched the civil disobedience movement
• Purpose of the movement was to not obey the British rule
• He refused to pay tax and launched The Famous Salt March

Salt march:
• In 1930 Gandhi organized a unique march to freed Indians from
British Taxes
• Act of protest against the British salt tax
• Gandhi and followers walked from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi,
Gujarat
• The march was 200 miles long March lasted about a month

Reasons:
• British government was putting a tax on salt
• No Indian could sell salt in their own country
• Only British were allowed
• Indians were discriminated
Result:
• Gandhi made salt illegally by boiling a lump of mud and salt in
seawater
• From then on, salt was made illegally by almost everyone
• Gandhi showed the world a new way to protest known as
Satyagraha – there was no violence involved
• As a result Gandhi and 50,000 followers were arrested

From his Salt March we can visualize Mr. Gandhi as very

Responsible and caring Leader.

Round Table Conferences (1930-1934):

• Round Table Conferences were held in London
• Objective of the conference was to frame the future constitution
for India
• Both Gandhi and Mr. Jinnah attended the round table conference
• But these efforts went in vein
• After the failure of the Round Table Conferences, Jinnah returned
to London for a few years

Return of Jinnah:
• Prominent Muslim leaders like the The Aga Khan, Choudhary
Rahmat Ali and Sir Muhammad Iqbal made efforts to convince
Jinnah to return from London (Where he had moved to in 1931
and planned on permanently relocating in order to practice in the
Privy Council Bar to India and take charge of a now-reunited
Muslim League.

• In 1934 Jinnah returned and began to re-organise the party,

being closely assisted by Liaquat Ali Khan, who would act as his
 right-hand man. In the 1937 elections to the Central Legislative
Assembly, the League emerged as a competent party, capturing
a significant number of seats under the Muslim electorate, but
lost in the Muslim-majority Punjab, Sindh and the North-West
Frontier Province.

• Jinnah offered an alliance with the Congress - both bodies would

face the British together, but the Congress had to share power,
accept separate electorates and the League as the
representative of India's Muslims. The latter two terms were
unacceptable to the Congress, which had its own national Muslim
leaders and membership and adhered to secularism. Even as
Jinnah held talks with Congress president Rajendra Prasad

• Congress leaders suspected that Jinnah would use his position as

a lever for exaggerated demands and obstruct government, and
demanded that the League merge with the Congress. The talks
failed, and while Jinnah declared the resignation of all
Congressmen from provincial and central offices in 1938 as a
 "Day of Deliverance" from Hindu domination ,some historians
assert that he remained hopeful for an agreement.

Gandhi’s Resignation:
• He was arrested when he returned India
• 1934 Gandhi resigns from the Indian National Congress because
he didn’t feel they were sincere about non-violence
• Replaced as leader by Jawaharlal Nehru
• 1936 he established himself in the remote village of Segaon
(Sevagram) in the middle of India – called an “Ashram”/
hermitage

Absence of Gandhi:
• Due to absence of Gandhi, the extremist Hindus dominated the
Congress
• In 1937, Hindu extremist won general election
• Muslims were tortured and their rights were stabbed by Hindus

Gandhi back in politics:

• In 1939, Gandhi again returned to active political life because of
the pending federation of Indian principalities with the rest of
India.

Lahore Resolution:
• In his presentational speech Jinnah demanded a separate state
on the basis two nation theory
• On 23rd March a resolution was unanimous passed known as
Lahore Resolution
• Lahore resolution was first step towards the achievement of
Pakistan

Civil Disobedience II:

• Second era of Civil Disobedience was started in1941 by congress
• Congress thought that it is good time to pressurize British to
leave India as they were losing the WW-II
• Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement

Quit India Movement:

• The Congress passed the Quit India Movement in 1942.
• During the Quit India movement, Gandhi declared
“I want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if it
can be had….”
• Gandhi, Nehru and thousands of supporters were imprisoned,
and the Indian National Congress was outlawed.
Jinnah-Gandhi Dialogue:
• The Gandhi-Jinnah Talks have eminent significance with regard
to the political problems of India and the Pakistan Movement.
The talks between the two great leaders of the Sub-continent
began in response to the general public's desire for a settlement
of Hindu-Muslim differences.

• On July 17, 1944, Gandhi wrote a letter to Quaid-i-Azam in which

he expressed his desire to meet him. Quaid-i-Azam asked the
Muslim League for permission for this meeting. The League
readily acquiesced.

• The Gandhi-Jinnah talks began in Bombay on September 19,

1944, and lasted till the 24th of the month. The talks were held
directly and via correspondence. Gandhi told Quaid-i-Azam that
he had come in his personal capacity and was representing
neither the Hindus nor the Congress.
• Gandhi's real purpose behind these talks was to extract from
Jinnah an admission that the whole proposition of Pakistan was
absurd. Quaid-i-Azam painstakingly explained the basis of the
demand of Pakistan

• "We maintain", Jinnah wrote to Gandhi, "that Muslims and Hindus

are two major nations by any definition or test of a nation. We
are a nation of a 100 million. We have our distinctive outlook on
life and of life. By all the cannons of international law, we are a
nation". He added that he was "convinced that the true welfare
not only of the Muslims but of the rest of India lies in the division
of India as proposed in the Lahore Resolution".

• Gandhi on the other hand maintained that India was one nation
and saw in the Pakistan Resolution "Nothing but ruin for the
whole of India". "If, however, Pakistan had to be conceded, the
areas in which the Muslims are in an absolute majority should be
demarcated by a commission approved by both the Congress
and the Muslim League. The wishes of the people of these areas
will be obtained through referendum.

• This meant, in effect, that power over the whole of India should
first be transferred to Congress, which thereafter would allow
Muslim majority areas that voted for separation to be
constituted, not as independent sovereign state but as part of an
Indian federation.

• Gandhi contended that his offer gave the substance of the

Lahore Resolution. Quaid-i-Azam did not agree to the proposal
and the talks ended.

General Election 1946:

• Jinnah always claimed that Muslim league is the only party that
represent Muslims
• His claim was proved in 1946 general election as AIM won 100%
seats in CLA and majority in PA

General Elections:
• Jinnah always claimed that Muslim league is the only party that
represent Muslims ,atlast on his
• His claim was proved in 1946 general election as AIM won 100%
seats in CLA and majority in PA

Partition of Subcontinent:
• On August,14th 1947 the subcontinent was divided into two
independent sovereign states
• Pakistan and
• India
• At last Jinnah succeed in his aim

Death of the Leaders:

• Sadly Mr. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu extremist on
January 30th 1948
• Mr. Jinnah died of Tuber clauses on September,11th 1948
• A writer said, "Gandhi died by the hands of an assassin; Jinnah
died by his devotion to Pakistan".
References:
• “Myth and Reality”
By Prof. Waheed-uz-zaman
• “Jinnah India-Independence-
Pakistan”
By Jaswant Singh
• “Recollections and Reflections”
By Chimanlal Setalved
• “Quaid–i-Azam as seen by his
Contemporaries”
By Jamil-ud-din Ahmed
• “The Khilafat Movement In India”
By M. Naeem Qureshi
• Encarta Encyclopedia