Milestones of Fetal Growth and Development Power Point

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

Banga, Aklan
MILESTONES OF FETAL
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
By: Cymil Paul O. Montoya

BSN IV-3
OBJECTIVES
General Objective:
After 30 minutes of clear and

comprehensive discussion, about 80% of
the students would be able to develop
skills, knowledge and proper attitude in
preparing them to apply the nursing
process in actual situations in relation to
fetal growth and development.
Specific Objectives:
After 30 minutes of clear and comprehensive

discussion, about 80% of the students would be
able to:
Skills:
Apply learned concepts to future actual situation.
Knowledge:
Identify the different fetal characteristics in different

gestational week.
Anticipate in actual situations the different developmental

status and image of the growing fetus in different
gestational week.
Visualize and compare the different size and appearance of

human fetuses at different stages.
Attitude:
Develop a sense to confidence in dealing with pregnant
patients and in imparting teachings to patients and
significant others.
The following discussion of fetal development
milestones is based on gestational weeks.
*END OF 4th GESTATIONAL WEEK
Is a rapidly growing formation of

cells but does not yet resemble a
human being.
Length: 0.75 – 1 cm
Weight: 400 mg
The spinal cord is formed
Head folds forward and
becomes prominent
The back is bent so that the
head almost touches the tail.
The heart appears as a
prominent bulge on the anterior
surface.
Arms and legs are budlike
structures.
Rudimentary eyes, ears, and
nose are discernable.
*END OF 8th GESTATIONAL
WEEK
Length: 2.5 cm (1in)

Weight: 20 g
Organogenesis is complete.
The heart with septum and
valves is beating rhythmically.
Facial features are definitely
discernible.
Arms and legs have developed.
External genitalia are present,
but sex is not yet distinguishable
by simple observation.
The primitive tail is regressing.
Abdomen appears large
because the fetal intestine is
growing rapidly.
Sonogram shows a
gestational sac, diagnosing of
pregnancy.
8 week
old fetus
:-D
Eow
Pow!
Can you see my gestational

sac? It can be detected
through a sonogram by now
to diagnose my mother’s
pregnancy.
Gestational sac
as seen on a
sonogram
WEEK (FIRST TRIMESTER)

Length: 7 – 8 cm
Weight: 45 kg
Nail beds are forming fingers and
toes.
Spontaneous movements are
possible, although they are usually
too faint to be felt by the mother.
Bone ossification centers are
forming.
Tooth buds are present.
Sex is distinguishable by outward
appearance.
Kidney secretion has begun,
although urine may not yet be
evident in amniotic fluid.
Heartbeat is audible through
Doppler technology

;-)
12 week old fetus on
ultrasound
WEEK
Weight: 55 – 120 g
Fetal heart sounds are audible
with an ordinary stethoscope.
Lanugo (the fine, downy hair on
the back and arms of newborns,
which apparently serves as a
source of insulation for body heat)
is well formed.
Liver and pancreas are
functioning.
Fetus actively swallows
amniotic fluid. Demonstrating an
intact but uncoordinated
swallowing reflex; urine is present
in the amniotic fluid.
Sex can be determined by
ultrasonography
*END OF 20th GESTATIONAL WEEK
Length: 25 cm
Weight: 223 g
Spontaneous fetal movements
can be sensed by the mother.
Antibody production is possible.
Hair forms, extending to include
eyebrows and hair on the head.
Meconium is present in the upper
intestine.
Brown fat, a special fat that will
aid in temperature regulation at
birth, begins to be formed behind
the kidneys, sternum, and posterior
neck.
Vernix caseosa, which serves as a
protective skin covering during
intrauterine life, begins to form.
Definite sleeping and activity
patterns are distinguishable (the fetus
has developed biorhythms that will
guide sleep/wake patterns throughout
life).
*END OF 24th GESTATIONAL WEEK (SECOND
TRIMESTER)
Weight: 550 g
Passive antibody transfer from mother to fetus
probably begins as early as the 20th week of
gestation, certainly by the 24th week.
Meconium is present as far as the rectum.
Active production of lung surfactant begins.
Eyebrows and eyelashes are well defined. Vernix Casseosa
Eyelids, previously fused since the
12th week, are now open.
Pupils are capable of reacting to
light.
When fetuses reach 24 weeks or
601 g, they have achieved a practical
low-end age of viability if they are
cared for after birth in a modern
intensive care facility. Sino mas
Hearing can be demonstrated by cute?
response to sudden sound. Ako o
imaw?
WEEK
Weight: 1200 g
Lung alveoli begin to mature,
and surfactant can be
demonstrated in amniotic fluid.
Testes begin to descend into
the scrotal sac from the lower
abdominal cavity.
The blood vessels of the
retina are thin and extremely
susceptible to damage from
high oxygen concentrations (an
important consideration when
caring for preterm infants who
need oxygen)
*END OF 32nd GESTATIONAL
WEEK
Weight: 1600 g
Subcutaneous fat begins to
be deposited (the former stringy
appearance “little old man”
appearance is lost).
 Fetus responds by movement
to sounds outside the mother’s
body.
Active Moro Reflex is present.
Birth position (vertex or
breech) may be assumed.
Iron stores, which provide iron
for the time during which the
neonate ingests only milk after
birth, are beginning to be
developed.
Fingernails grow to reach the
end of fingertips.
WEEK
Weight: 1800 – 2700 g
Body stores of glycogen,
iron and carbohydrate and
calcium are deposited.
Additional amounts of
subcutaneous fats are
deposited.
Sole of the foot has only
one or two crisscross
creases, compared with the
full crisscross pattern that
will be evident at term.
Amount of lanugo begins
to diminish.
Most babies turn into a
vertex or head down
presentation during this
month.
*END OF 40th
GESTATIONAL WEEK
Weight: 3000 g
Fetus kicks actively,
hard enough to cause
the mother considerable
discomfort.
Fetal hemoglobin
begins its conversion to
adult hemoglobin. The
conversion is so rapid
that, at birth about 20%
of hemoglobin is adult in
character.
Fingernails extend over
the fingertips.
Creases on the soles
of the feet cover at least
two thirds of surface.
In primiparas, the fetus
often sinks into the birth
canal during the last two
weeks, giving the
mother a feeling that the
load she is carrying is
less. This event, termed
lightening, is a fetal
announcement that the
third trimester of
pregnancy has ended
and birth is at hand.
Thank you for your
cooperation!!
SOURCE: 5th Edition

Maternal and Child Health
Nursing: Care of the
Childbearing and
Childrearing Family by
Adele Pillitteri. Volume 1.
Quiz:
1. Organogenesis can be expected to be complete at the end of

what gestational week?
a. 4th gestational week b. 12th gestational week
c. 8th gestational week d. 40th gestational week
2. The substance that increases pulmonary compliance and prevents alveolar

collapse is?
3. “________” is the collapse of the alveoli.
4. What is the cheese like substance that serves as a protective skin during
intrauterine life?
4. What do you call the fine, downy hair on the back and arms of newborns,
which apparently serves as a source of insulation for body heat?
5. At the end of what week can the fetal heart sound be heard using a
doppler?
6. The only available intrauterine structure used to diagnose pregnancy until
the embryo is identified and can be detected using a sonogram at the end of
8th gestational week. _________________
7. _________ is the earliest stools of an infant.
8. _________ is the increase in size or the quantitative changes over time.
9. Also called maturation or the qualitative changes that occur over time.
10. At the end of what gestational week does active surfactant production
begins?
a. End of 24th gestational week c. End of 8th gestational week
b. End of 30th gestational week d. End of 4th gestational week
SAEAMAT
KINYO TANAN!

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What are some of the major fetal developmental milestones discussed?

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

By: Cymil Paul O. Montoya

After 30 minutes of clear and

After 30 minutes of clear and comprehensive

Identify the different fetal characteristics in different

Anticipate in actual situations the different developmental

Visualize and compare the different size and appearance of

Is a rapidly growing formation of

Length: 2.5 cm (1in)

Can you see my gestational

SOURCE: 5th Edition

1. Organogenesis can be expected to be complete at the end of

2. The substance that increases pulmonary compliance and prevents alveolar

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