Piano Improvisation Technique
Piano Improvisation Technique
Piano Improvisation Technique
www.musilosophy.com
(Piano) Improvisation
Technique
by Musilosophy
www.musilosophy.com
SUMMARY
1. Keys
Key awareness
Major
Minor
Scale harmonization
2.Chords
Major 7th
Minor 7th
Dominant 7th
Half diminished 7th
Diminished 7th
Inversions
Chord degrees
3.Other scales
Blues
Whole tone
Diminished
Diminished/whole tone
Pentatonic
4.Melody
Melody building
Chordal notes
Turning note
Passing note
Leaning note
Delaying note
Anticipated note
Chromatic note
Double leaning note
Mixed note
“Wrong” notes
5.Phrasing
Beginning of phrase
Ending of phrase
Imitation
6.Rhythm
Emphasizing offbeats and upbeats
Syncopation
Swing
Polyrhythmics
Intervals
Analysis of solos
Improvisation tips
Inside, outside
“Free” improvisation
Improvisation goals
COMPOSING
EAR TRAINING
ARRANGING
ANALYSIS
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traditions.
history, religion.
first you have to know all major and minor scales and relative
keys and all chords in every keys. Then you must play all chord
You have to practice so much so you can play right melodic lines
You must learn to begin and finish melodic phrases from every
point of measure.
These techniques can give you the skill for express the music you
have inside.
perfect.
Key awareness
Major
Minor
Scale harmonization
2. Chord charts
Major 7th
Minor 7th
Dominant 7th
Diminished 7th
Inversions
Chord degrees
Blues
Whole tone
Diminished
Diminished/whole tone
Pentatonic
Melody building
Chordal notes
Turning note
Passing note
Leaning note
Delaying note
Anticipated note
Chromatic note
Mixed note
Wrong notes
^ TOP
5. Musical phrase
Beginning of phrase
Ending of phrase
Imitation
Syncopation
Swing
Polyrhythmic
General practice
Progressive drills
Fundamental drills
^ TOP
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KEY AWARENESS
The main scales of western music are major and minor scales.
Every scale determines a key, that is a harmonic combination of tones based on that scale.
So, F Major key uses the tones of F Major scale. E minor key uses the tones of E minor
scales.
I consider the Blues like a key: for example Bb Blues or Bb minor Blues are like a Major
You always have to know in which key you are playing in each moment.
They are build on each degree of the scale with harmonization by thirds.
Practice the analysis and recognition of chords, modulations and keys in classic music,
Recognize the chords and then the key they belong to.
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Remember:
This concept is important but I have realized that not many musicians have understood its
importance.
For example, they play the D Dorian scale also on a Dmin7 that belongs to Bb key!
In this way they do two terrible mistakes: E instead of Eb and B instead of Bb!
When you improvise on this song you have to use basically the C minor scale (when you
This is the key concept. But a melody and so an improvisation base above all on chord
besides on key.
^ TOP
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Chord families
Melody generally uses the notes of a chord or notes that return to it.
You need to know and play every chord very well to improvise.
The fundamental drill is playing every chord and every inversion of each chord.
2. Dominant 7
3. Minor seventh
4. Half-diminished
5. Diminished 7
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chords
For example:
^ TOP
^ TOP
Play every inversion and improvise on a chord using just the chordal notes.
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These scales do not determine a key! Just the blues scale could be a basis for a
You ca use them above all on dominant seventh chords to enrich or vary the colors of
improvisation.
Be careful and always control by ear when you use diminished or whole tone scales
^ TOP
Whole tone scale - It contains only whole tones. I suggest to use it just on the
dominant 7th chord. Whole tone scale is used above all in Jazz music. Debussy and
We can simplify and summarize all 12 whole tone scales to just 2 scale types : "A";
· The other 10 whole tone scales have the same notes of these, but of course, they
For example, D whole tone scale begins from D and has the same notes of the "A";
whole tone scale, while F whole tone scale begins from F and has the same notes of
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Diminished scales
- It is made only by a sequence of half step (semitone) and whole step (tone). I
suggest to use it just on the dominant 7th and diminished 7th chord in a jazz context.
Also, we can simplify and summarize all 12 diminished scales to just 3 scale types :
"A"; diminished scale, "B"; diminished scale and "C"; diminished scale
The other 21 diminished scales have the same notes of these, but of course, they
^ TOP
Diminished-whole tone scale ( also called super locrian or altered scale). I suggest to
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Pentatonic scales
Pentatonic scale has just five tones. It is like the major scale but without fourth and
seventh degrees.
^ TOP
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This is the most important chapter! In this page I explain how you can build a
melody : these "rules" are not only for improvisation but for composing songs and
I suggest you to learn every item to build melodic lines; they base on classic and jazz
harmony and you can improvise or compose easily and correctly by knowing them. I
want to specify that knowing and mastering harmonic techniques are not enough to
create high artistic value music. Musician has to express emotions, ideas and
messages to himself and to the public, besides playing in a right harmonic way.
So an improviser needs:
● Learned mind
● Open hearth
When these three faculties are synchronized and in harmony, your improvisations,
compositions and your music become magic and have a great emotional power.
Melody is the most powerful and beautiful item of music. It has symmetric, geometric
Pay Attention: I mean 1th , 3th, 5th and seventh ( of a chord ) by "CHORDAL NOTE";
When you improvise or compose, you can use to build a melody these notes:
generally they are chordal notes or notes that return on them. So the fundamental
MELODY is based on the CHORD and on the KEY in which it is. Here are the most
● Chordal notes
● Turning note
● Passing
● Leaning
● Delaying
● Anticipated
● Chromatic
● Mixed
Test every item with your ears! Let me know what you think about!
( = chordal note)
2. Turning note : does not belong to chord but comes from a note of the chord and
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notes
After a leaning note you have to play the chordal note close to it
After a delaying note you have to play the straight away below chordal note
The difference between leaning and delaying note is: the first one can go up or down
to a chordal note while the second must go down to the straight away below chordal
note!
^ TOP
For example:
· And so on......
^ TOP
Melodic concepts
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Practise to end the phrase on the different tones of a chord and to make the action I
propose.
The fundamental element to build a good phrasing is that every phrase must be
Practise to begin and to end the phrase in every point of the measure
B = Beginning tone
E = Ending tone
^ TOP
Ending of a phrase
^ TOP
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Practise to end the phrase on the different tones of a chord and to make the action I
propose.
Na = no particular action
T = Tension
Ba = Begin again
S = Solving tone
Another example containing a wrong ending tone ( Tension is not solved or begun
again).
^ TOP
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When you improvise, you have to emphasize off beats (or upbeats).
3) Eighth note triplets = emphasize above all the last note of every triplet
4) So on....
This is one of the most important concept in improvisation and music in general:
^ TOP
Exercises:
3. eighth notes
5. sixteen notes
7. .....
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Often, when you improvise on an eighth note basis, because of the time speed,
1. Emphasize the fourth eighth-note continuously every 2 quarters ( 4th and 8th
3. When the time speed is very fast, emphasize continuously just the last tone of
every measure
The goal of these drills is to acquire the habit to emphasize the weakest point of the
measure.
^ TOP
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General practice
First play the scales for an octave just with the right hand, then
with both hands; play for 2 and 4 octaves with both hands
Play the chords of every key with right hand then with both hand
note......).
Arpeggiate all 7th chords with right hand (but not only) in their
four inversions.
Improvise only on a chord and using just the four chordal notes
notes, moving the melody up and down the whole keyboard and
playing the chord with the left hand. (You have to play this chord
around C4 and moving the notes less possible when you change
the chord )
but it is amusing and you can feel what creating music means.
your mistakes.
harmonic "errors";.
^ TOP
Ear training
Transcription - Powerful!
LEARN IMPROVISATION
Transposing
Singing
Search
www.musilosophy.
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Listening
Piano improvisors
Bill Evans
Keith Jarrett
Herbie Hanckock
Chick Corea
Ahmad Jamal
Oscar Peterson
Bud Powell
McCoy Tyner
Many others...
Improvisors
Other instruments:
^ TOP
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Art.
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them.
language of music.
you can note. If you have a bit of time you can also correct what I
techniques and music harmony and I want to give all I know for
free.
donation, but I desire above all you can learn the magic art of
improvisation.
improvisation. (www.aboutmusictheory.com)
MIOP ^ TOP
Piano jazz music improvisation, rhythm and blues and pop albums
every song clip for free. Three songs of the album has a
If you like the album you can buy it on Itunes, Msn, Yahoo,
jazz dance"
meditation"
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Videos by Musilosophy
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soul album "Inside". "The colour of your eyes" is a funk pop song
we live in western world and how many people live in the poorest
world! Inside is a pop dance song: here I express the joy and
beauty of life.
^ TOP
usually makes the other member try hard to heal him or to feed
him. Why then do we, inhabitants of the rich world, not really help
World)
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jazz dance"
and blues ideas. I have played electric and acoustic piano too.
meditation"
I love the style of Keith Jarrett and Bill Evans. For me they
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In this section I will publish jazz and blues piano live videos with
scatting.
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Inside is a collection of pop songs with rhythm and blues, soul and jazz
contaminations.
Piano dance rhythm and blues album " Modern jazz dance"
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instrument..."
Piano is like an orchestra you can play with your fingers. The left hand plays
accompaniments and gives a rhythmic base to the other hand. You can play
melodies, chords or both and you can improvise with the right hand . Sometimes I
use to improvise with both hands to create different melodic lines. Mozart and
compositions. For these reasons and for many others I think piano is the greatest
music instrument.
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Music stores
You can buy the mp3s of my music albums at Itunes and other online
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(mp3).
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them.
of music.
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jazz dance"
meditation"
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News
June 2006 : 2th, 3th and 4th position with three songs in Rhythm
and mix
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jazz dance"
meditation"
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Musilosophy's links
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