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jif{ $, c+s &, k'; $ ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& :yflkt u/] s f] 5 . !*!* k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 Tof] b]z / pGglt / cGo ljZjljBfnonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} ljleGg k/Dk/fut
k|ltlglw÷ko{jI] fsn] cfkm\gf ljleGg hgtfsf nflu cToGt} v';Lsf] s'/f ;/sf/L agfO{ :t/ sfod /fVg] ;d]t ljBfyL{ ;+u7g;+u ;+oQ ' m df]rf{ /
;DkfbsLo dtx? aGb ;qsf qmddf /fv]sf 5g\ . xf] . /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf nflu cfkm" lg0f{o lnPsf] 5 . z}lIfs dflkmofx?sf] sfo{ut Pstf ub}{ ;+oQ ' m ljBfyL{
gLlt, sfo{qmd / g]tT[ jsf ;jfndf xf]ldg] / hgtfnfO{ o;sf nflu ;r]t rnv]nsf] hfnf]nfO{ Wj:t kfb}{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . ;+oQ' m
;sf/fTds km};nf cfkm\gf wf/0ffx? :ki6 ?kdf Jojl:yt
9+ u n] /fv] s f lyP . k| l tlglw,
x'bF } of] dxfcleofgdf nfda4 x'g h'g
lsl;dn] cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 , To;n]
ltlgx?nfO{ vf] h L vf] h L 7] u fg
nufpg]5 . lqlj / ;/sf/L lzIf0f
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf km'6 k}bf ug]{
k|of;df k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx? s]Gb|Lt
Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df kGw| k6s dtbfg x'bF f;d]t ko{jI] fsx? ;Dd]ngdf h'g pT;fxsf xfd|f] ;+u7g /fi6«sf] Ps ;Rrf / ;+:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ / uf}/j a9fpg] ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] ;+oQ ' m ljBfyL{
;fy cfPsf lyP ToxL pT;fxsf ;fy akmfbf/ ;+u7g xf] eGg] ;fljt u/]sf] sfddf nfUg] 5 . gLlh lzIffnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf d'2fx? lgSof]n { u/L cem
k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt ug{ g;sL d'ns ' clg0f{osf] ;xL gLlt / g]tT[ j rog ub}{ kmls{Psf 5 . hgtfsf] hglhljsfsf ;jfndf lg?T;flxt ug{ lgoGq0f / lgodg ug]{ ;zQm ?kdf To;nfO{ p7fO{ pknAwL
aGbL eO/x]sf] ;dodf ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf 5g\ / :ki6 sfo{qmlds vfsfsf] klg ljleGg lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . xfn} 5 . pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb, k|fKt ug'k{ g]{ 5 . o; /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn]]
:jfutof]Uo / P]ltxfl;s 5 . nf]stGqsf] k"0f{ pkof]u k|ltIffdf 5g\ . tL k|ltlglw÷ko{jI] fs cfon lgudn] ;j{;fw/0f hgtfsf] ;L=6L=O=eL=6L=, k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno, hgjfbsf] cEof;sf ljifodf klg
;fyLx?n] @)! hgfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ 9f8 ;]Sg] u/L ul/Psf] k]6«f]lnod kf]v/f ljZjljBfno nufot ;Dk"0f{;u+ ;a}nfO{ pbfx/0fLo x'g] s'/f k|:t't
ug]{ ynf] ;+;b\nfO{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfˆgf] ;ldltnfO{ casf] cfGbf]ng cufl8 kbfy{df d"Noj[l4 t'?Gt lkmtf{ ug{ dfu ePsf ;a} ;xdltx? sfo{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . ;a} Ifdtf, lj1tf / bIftf
:jfy{cg'¿k pkof]u ug{ vf]Hbf b]z g} w/fzoL x'g] a9fpgsf nflu g]tT[ j ug]{ /fli6«o ub{5f}+ . cfon lgudleq /x]sf u/fpgsf nflu kxn ul/g]5 . ePsf dWo]af6 klg o; cfGbf]ngnfO{
:jfwLgtf / hglzIff k| f lKtsf] gsf/fTds kf6fx?nfO{ slxNo} 7Ls xfdLn] ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv g] t [ T j ug{ s f nflu ;xL g] t [ T j
cj:yfdf k'lu/fv]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b]z / cfGbf]ngsf nflu sfo{qmlds vfsfsf] gug]{ clg af/Daf/ ljleGg axfgfdf p7fpFb} cfPsf] hgjfbL lzIffsf af/]df ;j{;Ddt ?kdf r'Gg'n] a'hj{ ' fx?n] xfd|f
hgtf ;Dd'v /x]sf] ;+s6 lgjf/0f ub}{ zflGt / dfu u/]sf 5g\ . casf] s]Gb|Lo k]6f« l] nod kbfy{sf] d"Noj[l4 ul/g] ul/Psf] ToxfF pkl:yt k|ltlglw÷ko{jI] fsnfO{ lj?4 lk6\g] xf}jfnfO{ unt ;fljt
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fnfO{ ult lbg of] km};nf kSs} klg sfo{;ldltn] To; lbzftkm{ cToGt} 5 . cfon lgudleqsf] e|i6frf/ / k|i6 kfg]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . hgjfbL ul/lbPsf] 5 . g] t [ T j rogsf]
uxg 9+un] sfo{qmd to ug{ h?/L clgoldttf /f]Sg pRr:t/sf] zlQmzfnL lzIffsf af/]df k|i6 kfb}{ of] /fhgLlts k|lqmofdf hgjfbsf] pRrtd ?k
kmnbfoL ;fljt x'g5 ] . b]z / hgtfsf] pGglt / 5 . k|ltlglw÷ko{j]Ifs ;fyLx?n] 5fglag ;ldlt agfOg'k5{ . olb oL qmflGtsf] Ps c+zsf ?kdf ePsf] k|i6 eg]sf] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;j{;DdtLdf rog
k|ultsf] nflu 5nkmn / ax; x'gk' g]{ dof{lbt ;+:yf gLltut ?kdf casf] xfd|f] lbzfsf clgoldttf / e|i6frf/ /f]Sg] s'g} sbd kfl/Psf] 5 . hgjfbL lzIff k|fKtLsf] x'g' g} xf] . o; ;Dd]ngn] ;j{;Ddt
af/]df k|i6 kfb}{ l56f]eGbf l56f] grfNg] t/ af/Daf/ hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem 3gLe"t 9+un] ?kdf ;dfj]zL g]tT[ j rog u/L casf]
;+;b\df cfˆgf] JolQmut / kf6L{ut :jfy{cg'¿k sfo{qmd to ug]{ lhDdf nufPsf 5g\ . hLjgofkgdf k|ToIf c;/ ug]{ u/L cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ cfjZostf a9]/ cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg] lglZrt u/]sf]
dtbfg gu/L t6:y a:g] Pdfn]n] klg o; km};nfaf6 g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf ;8s d"Noa[l4 ug]{ xf] eg] xfdL;+u cfGbf]ng uPsf] 5 . To; lbzfdf ;xL ;f]r / 5 . g]tT[ j rogdf ePsf] ;j{;xdlt
cfˆgf] e'n :jLsf/L cufl8 a9\gk' b{5 . b]zsf] jt{dfg af3sf] 5lj sfod /fVb} cfPsf] xfd|f] afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . olb xfd|f] ;xL sbdsf ;fy cufl8 al9g] 5 . ca c? a'hj{' f ;+u7gx?sf nflu
;+u7gn] g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?n] u/]sf] cfu|xnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fGg] xf] eg] xfdLn] hgjfbL lzIffsf d"n p2]Zox? tTsfn lzIffsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . c? a'hj{' f
;/sf/ u7gsf] ;+s6sf] sf/s eg]sf] g]skf Pdfn] ljZjf;nfO{ ;xL 9+un] sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;zQm cfGbf]ng dfkm{t\ pQm d"Noj[l4 sfof{Gjog u/fpg bafa lbg] / ;+u7gdf hgjfbsf] gfddf nfvf}+ k};fsf]
g} xf] . Pdfn]s} sf/0f b]zn] nueu cfwf jif{;Dd k'/f ug'k{ g]{ 5 . casf] xfd|f] lbzf lkmtf{ u/fpg kxn ug]5 { f}+ . /fhgLlts qmflGtsf] k"0f{tf;+u} hgjfbL vf]nf] aufpg], Ps cfk;df s'6fs'6 ug]{
stf eGg] lbzflgb]{z :ki6 9+un] xfd|f] o; ;Dd]ng Pstfsf] /fli6«o lzIffnfO{ klg k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog / hfnem]n u/L g]tT[ j xTofpg] rng
sfdrnfp ;/sf/sf] ef/ ef]Ug'k¥of], h'g nf]stGqs} eO;s]kl5 o;nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] ;Dd]ng klg xf] . !& cf}+ /fli6«o ul/g] 5 . g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngaf6 /xL cfPsf] 5 . ltgLx?nfO{ qmflGtsf/Ln]
pkxf; xf] . Pdfn]s} t6:ytfsf sf/0f bl/nf] kf6f]df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'kb{5 . ;Dd]ngkl5 ljleGg ;+u7g, ;d"x / k|fKt ePsf ;Dk"0f{ pknAwLx?sf] /Iff cfkm\gf] 5lj sfod /fVb} u/]sf] o;
;/sf/sf] cefjsf sf/0f htftt} clgoldttf, o;nfO{ ;xL 9+un] a'em\g' / sfof{Gjogdf JolQmx?aLr PsLs/0f eO{ w'j| Ls/0fsf] ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf nflu ;w} nl8/xg] ;j{;Ddt g]tT[ j rogn] bl/nf] emfk8
hfg' g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . ofqfnfO{ 7f]; ?kdf p7fOPsf] lyof] . k|lta4tf b[9tfsf ;fy k|:t't ul/Psf] lbPsf] 5 . xfdLn] pgLx?nfO{ ;xL af6f]
e|i6frf/, lx+;f / xTofsf] 36gf al9/x]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] em08} /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf Pstfsf] ;Gb]zsf 5 . ljBfno lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns, / ;xL lbzf ckgfpg Pp6f c;nL
p;n] ;QflnK;fsf sf/0f b]z / hgtfsf] eljio 5 bzs nfdf] z}lIfs ;+3if{ / clvn nflu ljleGg lsl;dn] e"ldsf k|:t't ljZjljBfno lzIff hgtfsf] kx'r F df, pbfx/0f k]z u/]sf 5f}+ .
:yfkgf kl5sf] hgjfbL lzIff k|flKtsf] ul/Psf] lyof] . of] ;Dd]ngn] ;Dk"0f{ lzIffdf ;fdGtjfbsf] cGTo, lzIffdf xfd|f] Pstfsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn]
;f]Rg ;s]g . g]kfnL sfFu; ]| nufot dw];jfbL bnx¿ xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ s;/L cufl8 k"j{ ;+u7g jf ;d"xsf] /]vf cGTo ub}{ gLlhs/0f / Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] cGTo, h'g d"n gf/f lbPsf] lyof] …hgtfsf]
Pdfn]sf] nxnx}df /dfO/x]sf 5g\ . jt{dfgsf] o; a9fpg] eGg] k|Zg xfd|f cufl8 v8f ca s'g} c? k"j{ ;d"x jf k"j{ ;+u7g j}1flgs, Jojxfl/s / /f]huf/d"ns u0ftGq, /fli6« o :jfwLgtf /
;+s6sf] lgsf;sf] nflu :jod\ /fhgLlts bnx¿ g} ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts pknAwL lagf xf]Og, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] d"nwf/ lzIff nufotsf xfd|f Ph]08fnfO{ :ki6 hglzIffsf nflu Pstfsf] !* cf}+
z}lIfs pknAwL xfl;n x'g g;Sg] xf] eGg] ls6fg u/]sf] 5 . xfdLn] cem} ?kdf lqmofGjogdf hfg'kg]{ 5 . ca /fli6«o ;Dd]ngÚ, To;nfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{sf
hfUg'kg]{ a]nfdf ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] t6:y a:g gkfpg] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ g]kfnsf] ljleGg ;+u7gdf /x]sf / ljleGg :ki6 z}lIfs vfsfsf] lgdf{0f u/L nflu h:tf];s ' } alnbfg ug{ tof/ /xg]
eg]/ h'g km};nf u¥of], Tof] g]kfnsf nf]stGq kIfw/ /fhgLlts cfGbf] n g / z} l Ifs ;d"xdf 5l/P/ /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ jfdkGyL, sfof{Gjog ug]{ DofG8]6 k|bfg u/]sf] lg0f{o lnPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf]
cfGbf]ng b'jn } fO{ cufl8 a9fpg' xfd|f] k|ultlzn / hgtflGqs ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 5 . g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Qf d'lQmsf nflu s'g} klg xfntdf cfkm\gf]
xf] egL s'ng{ ;+;b\jfbL bn?sf] gLlt nHhfhgs lhDd]jf/L ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] PsLs[t / w'j| Ls[t ug'k{ g]{ h?/L 5 . kIfLo agfpg], o;nfO{ qmdzM e'Q] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ 5fl8g]
ljifo xf] . of] km};nfn] pgLx¿ nf]stGqsf gfddf ub}{ cfPsf] cyfx cfzf / ljZjf;nfO{ o; ;Dd]ngn] ljleGg ;d"xdf 5l/P/ agfpFb} n}hfg] / lj:tf/} e|li6s/0fsf] 5}g / To;nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofP/ dfq
sfod /fVb} /fhgLlts qmflGtnfO{ /x]sf jfdkGyL ljBfyL{x?nfO{ Pstfsf kydf n} h fg] h' g ;kgf lj>fd lnOg] 5 . xfdLn] casf] ljBfyL{
5ntGq u/L b]z / hgtfdfly n'6 dRrfO/x]sf] k"0f{tfdf k'¥ofpg xfdLn] v]Ng] e"ldsf nflu cfx\jfg ug]{ ;d]t lg0f{o lnPsf] k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] b]vs ] f 5g\ To;nfO{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem ;zQm ?kdf
kbf{kmf; ul/lbPsf] 5 . t;y{, ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] g} d'Vo /xg] b]lvG5 . xfdLn] xfd|f 5 . o;n] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_nfO{ rsgfr'/ kfb}{ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ p7fpgsf nflu of]Uotf, Ifdtf /
o; km};nfkl5 Pdfn]nufot ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ljleGg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ plrt 9+un] d"nwf/ agfpg cem} a9L ;xof]u ug]{ ;w} hgtf;+u hf]8\g] / hgtfsf] bIftf xfl;n u/]sf] g]tT[ jsf] 6Ldsf]
a'em\g] / sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;jfndf 5 . !* cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] ljleGg cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 n}hfg] k|lta4tf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . To; 6Ldsf] csf]{
;+;b\nfO{ aGws gagfO{ lgsf;sf] :yfg dfg]/ x/]s Psdt ePgf}+ eg] xfd|f] cfGbf]ng w]/} z}lIfs d'2fx?nfO{ hf]8bf/ 9+un] JoQm u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ljBfyL{ lhDd]jf/L eg]sf] b]z / hgtfsf kIfdf
ljifo :ki6 wf/0ff lbP/ cl3 a9\bf b]zn] gofF ;/sf/, k5fl8 ws]lng] plQs} ;Defjgf /x]sf] p7fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . gLlh lzIff cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem ;zQm / wfl/nf] lg/Gt/ nfUb}, ljBfyL{ clwsf/sf nflu
5 . o; !* cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] / lzIffsf] Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] d'2fnfO{ ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;w} lqmofzLn /xFb} g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts
zflGt / ;+ljwfg kfpg] lglZrt 5 . t;y{, ;jf]R{ r /fli6«otfsf nflu cfjZos k/] Ps lg0ff{os d'2fsf ?kdf p7fpg] 5 . k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . qmflGt k"/f ub}{ hgjfbL lzIffsf]
cbfntsf] km};nfsf] lz/f]k/ ub}{ cl3 a9f}F of] g} b]z, xftdf snd / csf]{ xftdf aGb's gofF aGg] ;+ljwfgdf gLlh lzIffno g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ lj:tf/} cfGbf]ngnfO{ k"0f{tfdf k'¥ofpg' g} xf] .
hgtf / ;du| /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] lxtdf x'g5 ] . af]s/] ljb|fx] sf] dxfcleofgdf nfda4
x'g] h'g lg0f{o u/]sf] 5, To;n] xfd|f]
btf{ /f]Sg] sbd rfNg] 5 . ljBfno e|li6s/0f ub}{ n}hfg] k|of; lg/Gt/ -n]vs clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o x'gx' G' 5 _
txsf] lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns hf/L /x]sf] 5, To;sf lj?4 xfd|f]
;Qf?9 bnn] ljz]if clwj]zg c;kmn agfpg]
sf7df8f} . ;Qf ;fem]bf/ ljleGg
bnsf] z'qmaf/ a;]sf] a}7sn] Pg]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ ;lxtsf] ;dfj]bgsf
lbg'eof] . pxfFn] cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L
lkmtf{sf nflu Pdfn]n] u/]sf] cfu|xdf
eg] sfFu|];n] xfn;Dd s'g} lg0f{o
kf/;–?j]n / lah'nLkfgLsf] s/fdt
cd[ t f nD;fn t/ ljr/fx¿nfO{{ s] yfxf Pp6f 7"nf] lbP5 yfxf g} kfpg ;lsPg . clg b/;Gtfgsf P]/–] u}/x] ¿sf] klg wDsL
cfwf/df oxL k'; $ ut]sf nflu gu/]sf] / cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L sfod} ut s]xL lbg g]kfndf h'Fufsf] d';f]n] b'nf]leq a;]/ x's
F f/ ug{ vf]Hg] rfs8L ahfP/ cGtjf{ t f{ lng ;'Gg kg]{ eof] jf Û clg cem To:tf
cfx\jfg ul/Psf] Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . Pdfn]n] kf}8n ] nfO{ n8fOF rlng} /Xof]Ù p;sf] zlStn] csf]{ d';f]nfO{{ cfˆgf] zlSt b]vfpg hfg]x¿n] klg To:tf] /fhg}lts pQ/ s'/fx¿nfO{{ k|>o lbFb} cvaf/sf kGgf
ljz] i f clwj] z gdf k| : t' t x' g ] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lng cfu|x ub}{ lkmtf{ lhTg] ls, p;sf] kx'r F n] t;f{pg] eGg] dfq vf]h]sf] xf] eg]/ . / x'g klg cfPkl5 k|ltk|Zg ug{ lsg grfx]sf] klg el/g] eP .
k|:tfjsf] ljkIfdf pleg] ;xdlt glnOP ax'dtaf6 kf}8n ] sf] pDd]bjf/L k|oTg hf/L g} /Xof] . clg ;fF9]sf] To:t} eof], 5f]6f] afSodf l;Wofpg' xf]nf . crDd nfu]/ cfkm}F;Fu dGyg cem 7"nf] d';f]n] x'Fsf/]5, æd]/f]
u/]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] s]Gb|Lo vf/]h ug]{ atfO;s]sf] 5 . a}7sdf h' w fO{ d f kIf / lakIfdf dt kbf{, æxfQL cfof], xfQL cfof] km';f{ .Æ dfq} ug{ vf]h]sf] . cem} csf]{ egfO{ xftdf aGb' s ePsf] eP d} n ]
sfof{no aNv'df a;]sf] a}7sdf ;xefuL Pdfn] k|rf/ ljefu k|d'v afF9\g]x¿sf] klg sdL ePg . x/]s b'nf] aflx/ c•f hdfP/ a;]sf] df]6f] t emg} ysf{pg vf]Hg] 5, cem} 7]6 l;WofOlbg] lyPF, lsgeg] d}n] tflnd
;xdltlagf g} ljz]if clwj]zg k|bLks'df/ 1jfnLn] ljz]if clwj]zg 306f h:tf]df h;sf] h:tf] dfWod d';f]n] cGtjf{tf{ lbP5, …tkfO{+n] g]kfnLdf eGg'kbf{, …WjfF;Ú lbg] vfnsf] klg u/]sf] lyPF . xltof/ lagf d}n]
8flsPsfn] To;sf] ljkIfdf 86]/ c;kmn agfpg] ljifodf ;Qf?9 bn 5, To;}dfkm{t\ ;dfrf/ ck8]6 eOg} ;a}nfO{{ ;fydf lnP/ lxF8g\ k' 5{ . tkfO{+ 5 . Tof] egfO{ xf],Æ d]/f] a'jf / dnfO{{ s]xL ug{ ;Sg] lyOg .Æ p;n] o;f]
nfUg] ;xdlt u/]sf] xf] . a}7sdf Ps ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] /Xof]Ù dfgf}F b]zdf eofjx 36gf 36\g ljleGg 7fpFdf k'lu/xg' ePsf] 5, aËnfb]zsf k|wfgdGqLb]lv k|d'v klg eg]5, æd}n] pxfFsf] aGb's vf];/]
Pdfn]n] laxLaf/ u/]sf] lg0f{osf kf}8n] sf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ ePkl5sf] uO/x] s f] 5 . sf] dfq} nfu] g , w]/}nfO{{ lrGg'x'G5, tL ;a}nfO{{ ;fy /fhgLlts g]tfn] lrG5g\ . t}klg d}n] ;'6 u/f}F eg] klg pxfFsf ;'/IffsdL{n]
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u/fOPsf] lyof] . a}7skl5 kqsf/;Fu klg :jLsf/ ug{;Sg] hgfpg'eof] . ;/sf/df cf;g hdfpg]x¿, ;]gf, cufl8;Dd /fhgLltaf/] 1fg gePsf] cGoyf pxfFnfO{{ n3'tfefif x'g] lyof] .Æ clNemPF .Æ Tolt dfq} xf]Og, p
s'/f ub}{ g]kfnL sfFu;
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g] t f /fdrGb| kf} 8 ] n n] ljz] i f kmf]/d -nf]stflGqs_, /fli6«o hgzlSt o:tf gf} 6 + s Lx¿;F u kl/lrt hgfpg x'Fsf/ eb}{ cfPsf] d';f]nfO{{ k}t[s xflnd'xfnLdf cfPsfx¿sf] t tYo klg cf]sn]5, æTo;kl5 cfÎgf
clwj]zgdf cfpg] k|:tfjsf] ljkIfdf kf6L{, blnt hghflt kf6L{nufotsf gePsfx¿n] k|Zg klg u/], æxf]Og glrg]sf] atfpFb} cfPsf] d';f]n] lagf rfs8L a'emfpg} kg{] l:yltsf] hu b'O{ xft Kofs]6sf] uf]hLdf /fv]/
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s/sf] thlahL clwsf/,
lglxt :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu
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/x] . gfd sdfpg of t /fd|f] sfd klg ;/sf/ tyf k|zf;g df}g a:of], tyf pRr cf]xf]bfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;'/IffsdL{ efu;lxt gfufh'{g b/af/, cufl8 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{;DaGwL k|:tfjnfO{{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ag]sf] ljw]ossf]
ug'{ k5{ of t g/fd|f] sfd ug'{k5{ . s]xL u/]g, sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ ;/sf/n] hfgsf/ 5g\, pgLx¿s} xjfnf lbb} k5fl8 nfUg] cf;]kf;];lxt ;'/Iffsf] bkmf !* df s/sf] b/ 36fpg, a9fpg jf 5'6 lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfg /flvPsf]
/fd|f] sfd u/]/ gfd sdfpg' t xf] eg], Tof] ;/sf/sf] 8f8'kGo' lnP/ ;~rf/ dfWodx¿df ;dfrf/ gfddf Pp6f kN6g g} 1fg]Gb|nfO{ 5 . o; bkmfcg';f/ k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s''/f n]lvPsf] eP klg
kf/;sf] nflu ca ;Dej 5}g To;}n] a;]sf] tyf s';L{df]xn] cGwf ePsf 5fO/x] s f 5g\ t/ oL ofjt\ a'emfpg] logLx¿ g} x'g\ . ;du|df g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZostfcg';f/ o; P]g / k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd
x'g ;S5 u'dgfd x'ge ' Gbf abgfd g} dfs'g]nfO{ sfFwdf af]s]/ lxF8]sf] ck/fwx¿sL gfOs] ;' h ftfnfO{ hgtf alg;s] s f k' j { / fhfsf nufOPsf b:t'/, z'Ns, dx;'n / s/sf] b/ 36fpg, a9fpg jf To:tf]
eP klg gfd rln/xf] ; \ eGg] sfFu; ]| sf ;efklt ;'zLnsf] kf/;nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] s'/f t 6f9fsf] eof] pgL kl/jf/nfO{ k' g M /fhf, dxf/fhf b:t'/, z'Ns, dx;'n / s/ cf+lzs jf k"0f{¿kdf 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 eGg] s'/f
dg;fosf ;fy kf/; cfˆgf ultljlw sf/jfxL ug'{ k¥of] eGg] /f]bg;lxtsf] cem} dfggLo dGqL g} 5g\ of]eGbf agfpg]x¿ log} x'g\ . b/af/ tyf
cufl8 a9fO/x] s f 5g\ , o;} s f] dfu a8f] ljlrqsf] ufO{hfqf aGof] . nHhfsf] ljifo s] x'G5< sfg'gtM Tof] kl/jf/sf ;Dk"0f{ cTofrf/x¿ pNn]v 5 . o; k|fjwfgn] ;/sf/nfO{{ s/sf] b/ h'g;'s} a]nf kl/jt{g ug{
kl5Nnf] z[+vnf 6fOu/ 6K; uf]nL ;f] e mf] cy{ d f ;/sf/ ;+ r fng ;'hftf ljb]zL gful/s x'g\ logL 9fs5f]k ug]x{ ¿ log} x'g\ eg] clxn] ;Sg] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] Joj:yf o;cl3 ;+;b\n] dfq ug{
sf08 aGgk'Uof] . 6fOu/ 6K;sf] 36\gf ul//x]sf] kf6L{n] s;}nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] g]kfnL xf]Ogg\, eg] logsf x/]s xs{t h;/L h'g k|lqmofaf6 logLx¿n] ;SYof] . o; Joj:yfaf6 lghL If]qdf ;/sf/sf] sbdk|lt qf; jf z+sf k}bf
cfkm}Fdf ;fdfGo xf] kf/;sf cGo dfu ug'{ ufO{hfqf g} eP klg xfd|f] tyf ultljlw ;Dk"0f{tfdf g]kfn kf/;nfO{ lu/Îtf/ u/] Tof] klg ePsf] 5 . s/ ;/sf/sf nflu /fh:jsf] Ps 7"nf] cfwf/ xf] . s/lagf
ck/fwx¿sf t'ngfdf t/ of]eGbf b]zsf] xsdf ;/sf/ ;~rfng u/]/ lj/f]wL 5g\ . logsf ljb]zL kltaf6 36gfsf] tLg–rf/ lbg k5fl8 / /fHo ;~rfng x'g ;Sb}g . of] w|j' ;To xf] / o;nfO{{ ;a}n] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf
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;dfrf/ ag]gg\, jf:tjdf lu/Îtf/ ;fdfGo xf] lsgls of] ;/sf/ lgldQ eg] ltg} ljb]zLn] csf{ ljb]zL cyjf ;fj{hlgs ck/fwsf] d'2f bfo/ u/]/ o;sf] clwsf/ lglxt /fVg x'G5 jf x'Fb}g eGg];Fu 5 . o:tf] clwsf/n]
ug'k{ g]{ tyf s8f sf/jfxL ug'k{ g]{ xf], sfo{sf/L cs}{ 5g\ . of] ;/sf/ aËfnLnfO{ ljjfx u/]/ g]kfnd} NofP/ kf/;nfO{ k'gM pGd'lQm lbg] sfd u/] Psftk{m ;/sf/ / To;dfly klg cy{dGqLnfO{{ alnof] agfPsf] 5 eg]
bh{gf}F d'2fx¿df kf/;sf] wf]OkvfnLdf ¿k dfq xf], rnfpg] cs}{5g\ . To; ck/fw /fHo lgdf{0fdf nfluk/]sf o;af6 ljutsf] b/af/sf] :yfg csf]t{ k{m ToxL xltof/ b]vfP/ lghL If]qnfO{{ t;f{pg] axfgf klg ePsf] 5 .
nfUg] g]kfnsf] ;~rf/ If]q tyf sf/0f ljleGg gf} 6 + s L /Rb} 5g\ . b]zsf] of] cj:yfsf] sf/s lbNnLn] lnPsf] tyf cfÎgf] x}l;ot lghL If]q eg]sf cfly{s ljsf;sf vDaf x'g\ . cfhsf] kl/jlt{t ljZjdf
clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] g]tT[ j ;n{Ss} lsg dflnsx¿sf] cfzLjf{bdf of]hgf sfF u | ] ; xf] / x/] s sfF u | ] ; L oL b]vfPsf] eGg] s'/f ca lbgsf] 3fdem}F lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / ljZjf;lagf ;/sf/ cl3 a9\g ;Sb}g / a9\g
kf/;dfly vlgof] < of] dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg agfP/ sDtLdf klg /fi6«jfbLx¿nfO{ ck/fwx¿sf dltof/ x'g\ . olb 5n{Ë 5 . dfwj g]kfn, s]kL jnL,
xf] . h'g 36gf ljb]zsf] gful/s tyf t;f{pg] p2]Zon] 36gfsf] tLg lbgkl5 xf]Ogg\ eg] ;'hftf, logsf ;Gtfg ljBf e08f/L xf];\ jf ;'zLn, ;'hftf vf]h]df Tof] cjZo klg ;kmn x'Fb}g . To;sf/0f thlahL clwsf/ k|of]u
g]kfnsL dGqL ;'hftfsf HjfOF cyjf kf/;nfO{ kqmfp ul/of] / cfÎgf] tyf ltgsf kl/jf/ ;a}nfO{ gofF tyf /fdrGb| logLx¿ sf]xL klg ug{eGbf cufl8 ;/sf/n] w]/k} N6 ;f]Rg'k5{ . thlahL clwsf/ s]sf nflu <
csf{ ljb]zLdfly eof], ToxL 36gf x}l;ot b]vfPkl5 of]hgfcg';f/ g} kf/; /fHo lgdf{0f ug{ lbg] xf]Og ls g]kfnL xf]Ogg\ eGg ca slQ ufx|f] olb thlahL clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;/sf/nfO{{ afWo 5 eg] o; clwsf/sf]
Pp6f ;fdfGo g]kfnL gful/s;Fu 5f]l8of] . cGoyf kf/; sDtLdf ;ft b]z lgsfnf ug'{k5{ . 5}g . b]z tyf hgtfk|lt u2f/L ug],{ b'¿kof]u lglxt :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f ;/sf/n] lghL If]qnfO{{
ePsf] eP, o:t} x'GYof] jf x'bF g} Yof] < jif{bl] v a9Ldf ;f]x| jif{;Dd h]n a:g] b]z l;Wofpg hgtfsf] gfddf g] k fn tyf g] k fnL hgtfk| l t lbg' cfjZos 5 . s/sf] b/ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg a9fpg kfpg' kSs} klg
clxn];Dd ePsf] 5}g eg] ca klg cj:yfdf lyP t/ s'g} d'2f gnufO{ /fhgLlt ug]{x¿ ceLzKt 5g\ . pbf;Lg, sf]xL klg g]kfnL x'g ;Sb}g . k|hftflGqs rl/q xf]Og . s/sf] b/ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg a9fpFbf o;sf]
kSs} x'Fb}gYof] . g]kfnL cfdfafa'sf] pgnfO{ t;f{pg] / dflnssf] kfj/ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf dfq Ps ;o c;kmn g] k fnnfO{ abNg] tyf k|ToIf c;/ lghL If]q dfq geO{ ;Dk"0f{ cfdhg;d'bfodf k5{ eGg] s'/f
¿kdf Pp6f /fhgLlts kl/jf/df b]vfOlbg] of]hgfcg';f/ g} ;fdfGo krf;eGbf w]/} ;Ldf:tDex¿ x/fPsf cf}klgj]lzs g]kfnnfO{ d'Qm ub}{ la;{g x'bF g} . s/sf] b/ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg a9fpg kfpg] Joj:yfn] lghL
hGd]/ ljb]zL;Fu ljjfx aGwgdf ;fj{hlgs ck/fwsf] d'2f nufOPsf] 5g\, xhf/f}F la3f g]kfnL hldgdf :jtGq tyf ;fj{ef}d /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] If]qsf] dgf]an lglZrt ¿kdf 36fpF5 / pgLx¿sf] nufgL ug{ OR5f
afFlwP/ sfg'gtM g]kfnsf] gful/stf xf] eGg]df ca z+sf 5}g . ef/tLo x:tIf] k sf/Lx¿ 3' ; ] / klxnf] sfo{ eg]sf] of] u2f/ hdftsf] zlStdf t'iff/fkft x'g k'U5 . s/sf] b/ a9fpbf jf 36fpFbf o;n] cy{tGqdf
Tofu u/]/ ljb]zLsf] cËfnf]df nk]l6Fb} g]kfnaf6 ljb]zLx¿sf] bf;tf v]tLkftL ;'? u/]sf 5g\, bzuhf ljsNk vf]Hg' xf] . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿ kfg{ ;Sg] gs/fTds tyf ;s/fTds kIfx¿sf] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'k5{ . s/sf]
ljb] z L gful/s ag] / ljb] z L tyf xflnd'xfnL x6fpg ;a}eGbf If]qleq tLg ;oeGbf a9L 3/, :k:6 x'gk} 5{ of] ;/sf/ cyjf of]
>Ldfg\;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf afnaRrf klxnf cg'xf/ g]kfnL ePsf ljb]zLnfO{ 6x/fx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnleq slyt nf]stGqjfbL gfd lbOPsf] b/ a9\bf o;n] dfgl;s bafa dfq lbg] geO{ pBf]uL–Joj;foLsf] nufgL
hGdfpg], x'sf{pg] a9fpg] ub}{ k"0f{ tx nufpg h?/L 5 . dgdf k;] / hyefjL ug] { tyf a]Odfgx¿sf] e'm08n] /fHosf] bf]xg ug{ OR5f, cfsf+Iffdf lu/fj6 Nofpg] lglZrt 5 . To;sf/0f ;/sf/sf]
¿kdf ljb]zL alg;s]sL ;'hftf clnslt dfq klg /fli6«otf ePsf] g]kfnLx¿dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ ef/tLo ul//xFbf;Dd g]kfn :jtGq aGg ;Sg] p2]Zo h:tf];'s} /fd|f] eP tfklg o;sf] b'¿kof]u x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{{
kLtfk'vf{sf] nfugLsf] Aofh vfFb} JolQm sfFu; ]| x'g ;Sb}g . olb x'GYof] hNnfbx¿sf] lj/f]w u/]sf sf/0f 5}g, hlxn];Dd g]kfn k"0f{ :jtGq gsfg{ ;lsFb}g . ;/sf/n] o;df k'glj{rf/ / kl/dfh{g ug{ clt cfjZos
sf]O/fnf k|fln cyjf sfFu; ]| sf] g]tT[ j eg] ;'hftfx¿nfO{ g]tf tyf dGqL ;LdfIf] q sf hgtfnfO{ ef/tLo tyf ;fj{ef}d aGg ;Sb}g tlxn];DDf 5 . 8/ / qf;df nufgL lj:tf/ x'g'sf] ;§f nufgL ;+s'rg x'g ;Sg]
aGg', tyf ToxL sfFu; ]| sf] l;kmfl/;df dfGg] lyPgg\ . sfFu|]; hfohGd b'i6x¿n] lu/ˆtf/ ub}{ oftgf lbg] juL{o, lnËLo hftLo tyf If]qLo vt/ftkm{ klg Wofg hfg h?/L 5 . s] …lgx'F kfpmF slgsf rkfpFÚ eGg]
b]zsf] pkk|wfg tyf k//fi6« dGqL ef/tk/:t xf], To;}sf/0f Oltxf;df qmd a9\bf] 5, ef/tLo hNnfbx¿sf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg x'g] 5}gg\ . pvfg rl/tfy{ ug{ ut cfly{s jif{ ;'gsf] eG;f/ b/ rfx]/ klg a9fpg
aGg' g} b]zsf] b'ef{Uo tyf of] 36gfsf] slxNo} o:tf] ;do 5}g hlxn] sfFu; ]| n] ck/fwx¿ g;xg] tyf tL hgclwsf/, b]zsf] ;jf{ªu\ L0f ljsf; g;s]sf] / o;}sf sf/0f zf]wgfGt/ 3f6f a9]sf] pbfx/0f lbOPsf] 5 . of]
;d]t /fhgLlts/0f xf] . csf]{ cy{df /fli6«otfsf] nflu cfjfh p7fPsf] cTofrf/x¿sf] lj/f]w ug]{ :jfledfgL tyf ;dfgtfsf] cj/f]w ljb]zL ts{ cfkm}Fdf xf:of:kb 5, lsgls zf]wgfGt/ 3f6f a9\g'df cGo y'k|} sf/0f
b;sf}To:F;Dd hgtfn] u/]sf ;+3if{ xf];\, ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w u/]sf] g] k fnLx¿nfO{ ef/tdf ;fdfg x:tIf]k g} xf] / x:tIf]ksf/Lx¿ /fs]z 5g\, t/ w]/} sf/0f xF'bfx'Fb} oxL Pp6f sf/0f g} thlahL clwsf/sf] cfwf/
tyf alnbfgLsf] ckdfg xf], kl/jt{g xf];\ . sfnfkfgL, 6gsk'/ tyf nfp8f lsGg;d]t k|ltaGw nufPsf 5g\ . ;'b, ?j]n rf}w/L tyf ;'hftfx¿sf] agfpg' lgtfGt ¿kdf unt x'G5 . thlahL clwsf/n] ;/sf/sf]
vf]qmf gf/fdf ;Lldt /flvPsf] k|df0f vfg]x¿sf] sf]vaf6 hGd]sLn] b]znfO{ of] k|lqmof d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd ¿kdf oqtq 5l/P/ a;]sf 5g\ .
xf] . lxhf] /fhkl/jf/ ;Qf tyf l;lSsdLs/0f ug]{ Pdcf/kL sf08 oqtq 5 . lbgbfxf8} xhf/f}F g]kfnL sfFu|];, Pdfn] cyjf gfdsf] cufl8 :j]R5frfl/tfnfO{{ klg an k'U5 eGg g;lsg] cfwf/x¿ ;/sf/n] lbg
zlQmdf 5Fbf h]–h:tf] sfo{ ug]{ ub{Yof] lsg dRrfOg\, Tof] k|lqmof c;kmn r] n Lx¿ ef/tLo ahf/df v' n f nf] s tGqjfbL yKg ?rfpg] x ¿ ;Sg'k5{ . s/sf] b/ a9fpg jf 36fpg dfq geO{ To:tf] b:t'/, z'Ns,
7Ls ToxL sfo{ clxn] ;'hftfx¿n] ePkl5 b]z tyf hgtfsf] lz/ vl/b–laqmL eO/x]sf 5g\, Tof] gf/sLo logLx¿sf dltof/ x'g\ dfq dltof/ . dx;'n / s/ cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ¿kdf 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v x'g'n]
ub}5{ g\ cyjf of] ;Qf ;~rfnsx¿n] lgx'l/g] u/L lsg ljif adg ul/g\ hLjgaf6 efu] / tyf afr] / zflGtk|lqmof tyf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f oxfF k|z:t} z+sf hGdfPsf] 5 . Psn JolStnfO{{ thlahL clwsf/ lbFbf
ub}5 { g\ . ljutdf /fhtGqn] hgtfdf eGg] s'/f hfGg tyf clxn] cfP/ cfpg]x¿;d]t ljleGg k|f0f3fts lj:tf/jfbL rfxgf tyf rf;f]eGbf cGo kIfn] To;sf] kmfObf gp7fpnf eGg ;lsGg . Psftkm{ eG;f/ dx;'n
cTofrf/ u/]sf] klg zlQmsf] cf8df ljb]zL >Ldfg\af6 hGd]sL, ljb]zL /f]ux¿af6 u|:t 5g\ . hn;|f]tsf] aflx/sf] s' / f ePsf] sf/0f oL 36fpg] k|lta4tf hgfpg] clg csf{tk{m a9fpg ;Sg] k|fjwfg /fVbf å}w
xf] eg], /fhtGq ;dfKt ePsf] klg 5f]/L tyf csf]{ ljb]zL HjfOFsf] /Iffdf wgL /fHo g]kfndf pHofnf]eGbf u2f/x¿ Ef/ts} tfndf e'St} 5g\ . rl/qsf] kbf{kmf; xFb' g} / < s/sf] b/eGbf s/sf] bfo/f a9fpgtk{m ;/sf/
zlQmsf] b'¿kof]un] g} xf] oxL lgolt logn] s;/L ltnsf] kxf8 agfOg\ < cFWof/f]sf] ;do a9\b} 5, hnljB't cGoyf zflGt;Demf}tf tyf cGtl/d nfUg'k5{ . s/sf] bfo/f a9fpbf g} Gofo;Ët / a9L j}1flgs 7x5{ . olb
cfh ;' h ftf tyf sfF u | ] ; x¿n] eGg] s'/f ;Fu} hf]l8Psf] 5 . d]/f] lgsfNg] cg' d lt cyjf ;+ljwfgsf] ;d]t lj?4df uP/ ;]gf a9fpg}kg]{ eP slt k|ltzt;Dd eGg] s'/f lglZrt ug{ ;lsGYof] .
bf]xf]¥ofpFb} 5g\ . lgod tyf sfg'gsf] dfGotf kf/; ;xL x'g\ eGg] sbflk nfO;]G;x¿;d]t g]kfnLdfly /fh ug]{ ;dfof]hg ljz]if ;ldltsf ;b:o cfjZostfcg';f/ egf{n] slt k|ltztnfO{{ hgfpF5 < o;sf] olsg x'g'
wHhL p8fpg] tyf cfÎgf] b'gf] xf]Og a? ltgnfO{ ug'{kg]{ hlt g]kfnL g]tf 6f]klnPsf ;'hftfx¿ 6f]klnPsfx¿ Hfgd'lQm ;]gf lj36g h?/L 5 . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfaLr u'lh|/x]sf] lghL If]q nufgL jftfj/0fsf]
;f]‰ofpg] cyjf cfk"mnfO{ sfg'geGbf sf/jfxL ul/Pg o;df d]/f] tLj| cyjf sfFu; ]| x¿, s]kL tyf ljBfx¿ ug' { k 5{ eGb} lxF 8 \ g ] lyPgg\ .
dfly ;Demg] kl/kf6L sfod /xg'n] c;Gt'l:6 5 t/ ljb]zL ck/fwLnfO{ cyjf Pdfn] x ¿n] ;n{ S s hgd'lQm;]gf lj36g ug]{ clwsf/ cefjdf knfog x'g k'ud ] f o;sf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/ x'g] ls gx'g] < s] o:tf]
hgtfnfO{ km]l/ Psrf]6L s'/Ls'/L n'sfpg], cfˆg} 3/leq cj}wflgs ef/tLox¿sf emf]nLdf xflnlbPsf logLx¿nfO{ 5 eg] logLx¿nfO{ cj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] /fh:j j[l4 ug{ nIo k"/f xf]nf t < k|Zg uDeL/ /
elg/x]sf] 5, luHofO/x]sf] 5 . wGbf rnfpg] cg'dlt lbg] tyf 5g\ / emf]nLjfnfx¿ To;}df /fhgLlt lj36g ug]{ clwsf/ hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ljrf/0fLo 5 . cfh;Dd cfjZostf dx;'; gul/Psf] thlahL clwsf/
olb 36gf /fhgLlts/0f x'bF g} Yof] sf/jfxL ug{ vf]Hg] k|zf;gnfO{ ;d]t tyf a8La8fpdf nLnfd–laqmL 5 ls 5}g < logLx¿n] csf{sf] Nofpg] rfxgf ;/sf/nfO{{ s;/L k|fKt eof] < z+sfsf b[li6n] x]g}{kg{ x'G5 .
eg] kf/;nfO{ tTsfn 36gf 36]s} bafa lbg] ;'hftfnfO{ sf/jfxL x'gk' 5{ ub}{5g\ . ha s;}n] o:tf /fi6«3ftL cl:tTj gfd]6 kfg'k{ 5{ eG5g\ eg] o:tf] clwsf/n] st} t:s/L, u}/sfg'gL sfo{nfO{ t a9fjf lbFb}g < v'nf
lbg lsg lu/ˆtf/ ul/Pg < lsg ls kb}{g < zflGt;]gfdf sfo{/t s'sfo{x¿sf] lj/f]w u5{, ha oL logLx¿sf] cl:tTj /lx/xg h?/L cy{tGqdf ljZjf; /fVg] xfdL / xfd|f] cy{tGqn] Psn JolStnfO{{ thlahL
tLg–rf/ lbg nufOof] < ljb]zL k|x/Lsf xltof/ vl/b k|s/0fdf ;Dk"0f{ cg'dltkq /2 ub}{ k|lt:kwf{sf] 5 / < hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] eljiosf] clwsf/ lbFbf lg/ª\s'z ePgf}F / < cfh;Dd ah]6sf] cf]e/¥oflkªsf] s'g}
gful/s ;'hftfsf ljb]zL HjfOF ?a]nn] s/f]8f}F 3f]6fnf u/]sf ?j]n rf}w/LnfO{ cfwf/df sfd ug{ ;Sg] tyf sfd lg0f{ o ug] { clwsf/ oL u2f/ s'/f gcfpg] t/ ha thlahL clwsf/ lbg] s'/f cfof], To;sf] arfj6sf
kf/;n] cfk"mnfO{ dfg{ vf]hs ] f], b'Oj{ 6f ;'hftfsf] HjfOF ePs} sf/0f sf/jfxL u/]/ b]vfpg]nfO{ lbg'k5{ eG5g\ oL lj:tf/jfbL et'jfx¿nfO{ s;n] nflu g]kfn / ef/taLr ah]6 cf]e/¥oflkª 5 eGg' sxfF;Dd Gofof]lrt
aGb's tfs]sf] cGTodf xjfO kmfP/ ePg . ;/sf/n] 5fglag ug]{ of]hgf u2f/ tyf ef/tLo snf] vfP/ lbof] < olb hgd'lQm ;]gf lj36g 5 < olb cf]e/¥oflkª g} ePsf] eP klg To;sf] pkrf/sf ljlw c? g} klg
u/]sf] nufotsf s'/f lrRofO–lrRofO agfpFbf;d]t ;'hftfsf] bafasf afFr]sf u2f/x¿ ef/teGbf klxnf u/]/ cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ of]hgf oL t x'g ;S5g\, xf]Og / < cy{zf:qsf] ;fdfGo l;4fGtleq klg gkg{ cfhsf]
kqsf/x¿sf cufl8 elg/x]sf 5g\, sf/0f sfFu; ]| sf] j}zfvL 6]s/] plePsf] b]zeQm tyf /fli6«otfn] cf]tk|f]t x/fdLx¿n] agfpF5g\ eg] logLx¿sf]
kf/; cfkm}Fn] jQmJo g} lgsfn]/ xf] ;/sf/ kl5 x6\of] . OG6/g]6sf] g]kfnLx¿sf] lj?4 vlgG5g\ / eG5g\ cl:tTj lsg /xg lbg] < of] ljifodf pbf/ cy{tGqdf thlahL clwsf/ lbg sbflk Gofo;Ët x'g ;Sb}g .
d}n] xjfO kmfo/ u/]s} xf] eGb}5g\ Jofks b'¿kof]u ub}{ sn xfOHofs ljsf; lj/f]wLx¿, zflGt tyf k|ult hgd'lQm ;]gf;d]t uDeL/ aGg'kg]{ To;sf/0f o:tf] clwsf/nfO{{ ;/sf/n] t'/Gt} vf/]h ug{k5{ . cWof{bz ] dfk{mt\
t/ k|zf;g lsg df}g a:of] < bh{gf}F ub}{ g]kfn b"/;+rf/ ;+:yfgnfO{ 6f6 lj/f]wLx¿, of]eGbf u2f/L c? s] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . b]z tyf hgtfsf] cy{ ljw]ossf ¿kdf cfPsf] ah]6df o:tf] clwsf/ lbg' g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
dflg;x¿sf cufl8 ePsf] 36gfsf kN6fpg] lu/f]xsf] gfOs];d]t ?j]n x'G5 < g]kfn / g]kfnLk|lt hjfkmb]xL s'enf] rfxg], zflGt, ;+ljwfg tyf ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f *( sf] pkwf/f ! sf] ;d]t k|lts"n b]lvG5 .
sf/0f k|ToIfbzL{x¿ bh{gf}F 5g\, rf}w/L ePsf] k|:6 5 t/ klg ;'hftf tyf pQ/bfoL :jfledfgx¿ log} :yfloTjsf] lj?4df nfu]sf] of] slyt lsgeg] o; pkwf/fdf sfg'gadf]lhdafx]s s'g} s/ nufOg] / p7fOg]5}g
k|zf;gn] tTsfn lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ p;nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ lbGgg\ a? p;sf] b'i6x¿nfO{ b]z cyjf cfÎgf] eljio nf]stGqjfbLx¿sf] e'm08nfO{ l;Wofpg eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . To;afx]s ha;Dd ljw]os wf/f *% adf]lhd
sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg ;SYof] . arfpsf] nflu ;/sf/nfO{ bafa ;' l DkP/ a:g afWo 5g\ . cfh ca ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿ lsg gnfUg] < ;+;b\sf] ;fdfGo ax'dtaf6 kfl/t xF'b}g / wf/f *& adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f
Hofg dfg]{ dg;fon] 3/L dWo/ftdf lblG5g\ . s]xL dlxgf cufl8 s/f]8f}s F f g]kfndf h] eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] ;a} logn] s;}nfO{ dfg{ jf l;Wofpg xF'b}g ta;Dd o;n] P]gsf] ¿k lng ;Sb}g . o;/L ;+ljwfgn] glbPsf] s'/f
h+un hfp eGg], guP t]/f] cGo sn 6«fG;km/ d]l;g;lxt ;dfltPsf] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] of]hgf tyf vf]H5g\ eg] cfÎgf] k|tL/Iff ug'{ thlahLsf ¿kdf cfpg' v]bhgs 5 . thlahLsf] clwsf/af6 s/ a9fpFbf
ljsNk 5}g eGg], ca tF dl/;, d tLg–rf/hgf /x]sf] aËfnLx¿sf] u|k' n] lgb]{zgdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ef/tLo x/]ssf] clwsf/ xf], Tof] clwsf/ o;n] cGttf]uTjf d"Noj[l4nfO{{ g} 6]jf lbg] x'Fbf of] lghL If]q dfq geO{
tFnfO{ dfb}{5' eGg], aGb's 6fpsf]df ;d]t xfdL ?j]n rf}w/Lsf dflg; xf}F lj:tf/jfb g] k fnsf] rf} t kmL{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] klg ca k|of]u cfdhgtfsf] enfO{lj?4 klg 5 . o;} t lgof{t a9\g g;sL zf]wgfGt/sf]
t];f{pg] p;nfO{ cGo JolQmx¿n] eg]/ aofg lbFbf k'ln; k|zf;gn] Tof] cfqmd0fdf tlNng 5, g]kfnnfO{ ug'{k5{ . clwsf/ rfxg], ;dfgtf
eufP/ n'sfPkl5 l/;n] xjfO kmfo/ s'/f aofgdf n]Vg];d]t cfF6 u/]g . c;kmn kfg{ x/bd k|oTg/t 5, of] rfxg] :jtGq tyf ;fj{ef}d g]kfn cj:yf 3f6fdf /x]sf] a]nfdf To;dfly s/sf] ef/ yf]kbf{ cem To;n]
ug]{ cflb sf/0f kf/;nfO{ Hofg d'2f o;}af6 yfxf x'G5 ;'hftfsf] kfj/ sfo{nfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg] sfl/Gbf rfxg] ;Dk"0f{ :jfledfgL g]kfnLx¿ lgof{tnfO{{ xtf]T;fxL agfpg] s'/f lglZrt 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)^%÷^^ df
nufpg ;lsGYof] t/ Tof] ePg . tyf lgot . dl08vf6f/l:yt dfq g]kfnsf slyt nf]stGqjfbLx¿ of] k|lqmofdf ;fdGt, bnfn, k'hF LktL, /fh:j kl/rfng ##=# k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] tof{s + 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] o;}
Pp6f gful/ssf] ;fydf b'O{ yfg ;'hftfs} 3/leqaf6 ;d]t sn x'g\, logLx¿ vfnL dltof/ x'g\ . oL lj:tf/jfbL tyf ;fd| f HojfbL cjlwdf o:tf] j[l4 @@=& lyof] . /fj:jsf] j[l4n] ubf{ rfn" jif{df s'n
cj} w xltof/ e] l 6of] , h;df 6« f G;km/ ug] { u} / sfg' g L wGbf dltof/x¿sf] cGTo gx' F b f;Dd lts8dx¿sf lj?4 ;8sdf cpg ufx{Yo pTkfbgsf] t'ngfdf /fh:j kl/rfng !%=! k|ltzt k'Ug] cg'dfg
xftxltof/ tyf v/vhfgf d'2f rln/x] s f] va/af6 k' l n; g]kfndf o:tf uDeL/ ;d:of slxNo} slt l9Lnf ug'{ x'Fb}g . g]kfn tyf 5 . o:tf] cg'kft cfly{s jif{ @)^%÷^^ df !$=% k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
nfU5, Tof] klg ePg . /fli6« o k|zf;g;d]t cglj1 5}g t/ sf/jfxL ;dfwfg x'g] 5}gg\ . g]kfnLx¿sf b'Zdgx¿ ;fdGt, bnfn s/sf] bfo/f ga9fO{ s]an b/ a9fP/ o:tf] nIo xfl;n x'g ;Snf < s/
lgs'Ghsf glhssf ls;fgx¿ h;n] x'Fb}g lsg < lsgls ;'hftf sfFu|]; lxhf];Dd 1fg]Gb|sf] kfpdf bfd k'h
F LktL tyf ljb]zL zlQmx¿ Jofks r'xfj6sf ;DefJo If]qx¿ klxrfg u/L ;f]sf] lgoGq0fdf Wofg hfg' h?/L
nufPsf] afnL;d]t klxnf hËnsf xf], sfFu;]| b]z3ftL tyf bnfnx¿sf] r9fP/ 9f] U g] x ¿ log} x' g \ , tof/Lsf ;fy df]rf{aGbL ub}{ g]kfn 5 . o:tf ljleGg If]q ;dod} klxrfg u/L /fh:j j[l4 ug{df g} ;/sf/sf]
hgfj/nfO{ gVjfO cfk"mn] vfg hTyf xf] h'g ljb]zL cf8, e/f];f hgcfGbf] n g r/d pTsif{ d f tyf :jfledfgL g] k fnLx¿lj?4 a'l4dttfk"0f{ sfo{xg' 5
] , g ls thlahL clwsf/df . To;}n] ;/sf/n] cfk"mdfly
kfpFbg} g\, ToxL hËnsf sf/0f kLl8t tyf cfzLjf{bdf rN5, To;}df ljZjf; k'lu;Sbf;d]t ;]/d ] f]lgon lsª tyf cfOnfUb} 5g\, logLx¿sf] k|ltsf/ /fv]sf] thlahL clwsf/ z+sfsf] 3]/fdf /x]sf] x'Fbf o;sf] vf/]hL g} z+sf
hgtfx¿;d] t hËn hfg tyf u5{ . aËfnLx¿nfO{ g]kfnL kf;kf]6{ a]aL lsªsf] /6gf nufpg] logLx¿ gug'{ eg]sf] cfkm}F cfTdxTof ug'{ xf]
;fdfGo 3f;, bfp/f tyf sfpnf] agfOlbg] dfq xf]Og ;f;' ;'hftfs} x'g\, hgcfGbf]ng ;kmn ePkl5 ;a}nfO{ r]tgf eof ==== . x6fpg] pQd ljsNk xf] .
ˆ4 @)^& ;fn k'; $ ut] cfOtaf/

clg v'a vfp“nf / dHhfn] /dfp“nf

k~rfotsfnsf] s' / f xf] . vfg]kfgL / ljB't k|flws/0fdfkm{t\
ljlrq ;+;f/
ljlslnS;h:t} cf]klgnS; ;'?
gu]Gb|k; | fb l/hfn k|wfgdGqL lyP . PgkL kf}8]n a}7s:yn;Ddsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df nG8g . ljlslnS;sf ;+:yfks h'lnog c;fGhn] ;+u7gnfO{{ sdhf]/
To;a]nf pgn] s'g} k~r sfo{stf{nfO{{ af" s L /fv] g . ltgLx¿ klg dGyg / b'Zdgsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf] lgod /fHosf] s/f]8f}+ /sd :jfxf ul/of], agfPsf] ts{ ub}{ r'xfj6 x'g] uf]Ko ;"rgfsf nflu ;f]daf/ To:t} k|s[ltsf]
sfd ljz]ifn] g]kfnu~h k7fpFg' dfcf]jfbL;"u u'xf/ dfUg uP . clg hfGb}g, a'emb}g . sfFu; ]| , Pdfn], /fk|kf, lj:tfl/t a}7skl5 hUuf ljjfb j]a;fO6sf] rnfpg] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . cf]klgnS; 86sf ;+:yfksx¿n]
k/]5 . k7fpFg] Tof] sfo{stf{sf nflu /fHoaf6 ;tfOPsfx¿ ;a} Psh'6 / ;DefjgfnfO{{ x]g{ ] gh/n] PsLs[t rls{of], l;cfO{P ;dly{t l/dsf pgLx¿ ljlslnS;sf k"j{;+:yfks h'lnog c;fGhsf] dftxtdf c;Gt':6
cft]hft] xjfOhxfhsf] l6s6, /fd|f] eP, ldn]/ hgcfGbf]ng u/] . hgtfsf g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ klg x]{ . To:t} x'g] k|ltlglw ls/0f, ef/tsf bnfn ePsf] eGb} 5'§} ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . …c;fGhn]
xf] 6 ndf vfg] – lkpg] Joj:yf cufl8 s;sf] s]] nfUYof] /, cGttf]ujf{ c8sn sf65 clg dgu9Gt] / afa'/fd / rLgsf bnfn k|r08sf ;+u7gnfO{{ sdhf]/ agfP,Ú cf]klgnS;sf ;+:yfksdWo]sf 8flgon 8f]D;lr6
ldnfO{;s]kl5 e|d0feQf / ks]6 Tof] afx'jnLo k|hftGq / zfxL sfNklgs ;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f, k|sfzg / aLrdf cfGtl/s / c:yfoL o'4lj/fd ju{n] :jLl8; 6]lnlehg g]6js{ P;eL6L;Fu eg] . pgn] ljlslnS; Ps}
vr{sf] hf]xf] klg ul/lbP5g\ . Toqf] zf;g;"u} ;lbof}b+ l] vsf] /fhtGq klg k|;f/0f u5{ . cGTodf uP/ km]n vfG5 . eof], ls/0fsf] b:tfj]h afa'/fdsf] JolStdf a9L s]lGb|t ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ Ps JolSt Ps ;+u7geGbf ;w}F
;'ljwf ldnfO{lbFbf klg pgn] k7fpFg 9Nof] . g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm}n + ] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] glthfsf ljrf/ / k|r08sf] g]tT[ jdf ;xdlt sdhf]/ x'g] l6Kk0fL u/] . ;LPgPg 8f]D;lr6 ju{nfO{ ul/Psf] Ps Od]ndf
vf]h]sf] sfo{stf{ hfg dfg]g5, /f]Hg], cfˆgf] efUo n]Vg] ;+ljwfg a]nfdf ToxL ePsf] lyof], ;f/fsf ;f/f eof], k|r08 ljrf/ljgfsf g]tf /x]5g\, of] ;d"xn] ;f]daf/b]lv ;fO6 ;~rfngdf Nofpg] ck]Iff u/]sf pNn]v
cfgfsfgL u/]5 . To;kl5 k|wfgdGqL agfpg] af6f] /f]h] . g]kfnL hgtfn] cg'dfgn] xfjf vfPsf lyP . clxn] ls/0f cJojxfl/s / afa'/fdrflx" ul/Psf] 5 . cf]klgnS;n] klg ljlslnS;n] h:t} uf]Ko ;"rgfx¿ v'nf;fsf
l/hfnnfO{{ l/; p7]5 / xsf{pb" } eg]5g\– ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu cfgf{ k|ltlglw kfn'ª6f/df klg ToxL s'/f bf]xf]l/of] . Jojxfl/s clg k|r08rflx" af]nLsf] nflu ;xof]u ug{5 ] . o;sf] p2]Zo eg]sf] kl/ro glbO{sg} ;dfrf/ / cGo
sfFu;]| sf sfo{stf{x¿ ef/tn] k7fPsf] klg r'g/] k7fP . hgtfn] r'gs ] f ltg} dflnsx¿sf] ldl8of To;/L kmf]xf]l/of] . 7]ufg gePsf g]tf /x]5g\, ef/tnfO{{ ;+u7gsf nflu ;fdu|Lsf] cfk"lt{ ug{ dflg;x¿nfO{{ ;3fpg' /x]sf] 5 .
s'lxPsf] rfdn vfP/ k|To]s lhNnf k|ltlglwn] ;+ljwfg agfpg] a]nf xf] g]kfn ga'em]sf], Jofks ufp"sf k|wfg zq' dfGg] k|r08 sf7df8f+} :jLl8; b}lgs 8fh]G; lgx6/n] cf]klgnS;sf] cfGtl/s b:tfj]hnfO{{ p4[t
;b/d' s fddf vl6Psf 5g\ , of] . o;} df}sfdf clxn] km]l/ lsrnf] hgtfsf aLrdf guPsf], zxl/of cfPkl5 af]nL km]/,] k|es ' f kfpdf ub}{ gofF ;fO{6n] Ph]G6sf ¿kdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] nIo lnPsf] hgfPsf]
sDo'lgi6sf sfo{stf{x¿ ef]s} / Kof;} x"b' 5
} . sfFu;
]| / Pdfn]n] lxhf] cfkm}n + ] ukmf8Lsf] cv8f ePsf], ;+sL{0f / nDk;f/ k/] cflb o:t} slt xf] slt 5 . o;n] /fhgLlts Ph]08f / ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{{ ;"rgfsf] k|jfx ug{a] fx]s
ufp"–ufp"df uP/ ;+u7g u/]sf 5g\, rnfpg g;s] / /fhfsf xftdf lgb]l{ zt ;f]rfO af]ss ] f] x'08L krfpg ;dfrf/ k|sflzt / k|;fl/t ul/Psf u}/gfkmfd'vL ;+u7g, Jofkf/ / o'lgogx¿ tyf / cGo ;xefuLd"ns ;d"xnfO{{
ul/ax¿nfO{{ k~rfotL Joj:yflj?4 a'emfPsf] ToxL ax'bnLo cyf{t\ dflns v'zL kfg{ cg'dfg ug{, ;dfhdf 5g\ . kfn' ª 6f/af6 s' g } klg ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . 8f]D;lr6 ju{n] ljlslnS;n] pRr
;+3if{ ug{ tof/ kfb}5 { g\ . ltdLnfO{{ afx'jnLo k|hftGq vf]hs ] f 5g\, To;}sf b'e{ fjgf km}nfpg] 7"nf nufgLsf g]kfnL ;sf/fTds lzIff lng g;s]sfx¿n] dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf ;a} nfvf}F cd]l/sL uf]Ko b:tfj]hx¿ kfFr dlxgfsf]
olt w]/} ;'ljwf lbFbf klg k'Ub}g eg] nflu dl/xQ] u/]sf 5g\ . PsLs[t ldl8ofn] ;f]rs ] f] h:tf] ePsf] x'GYof] To;/L e| d 5l//x] s f 5g\ . cjlwdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . …dnfO{{ nfU5, oL ;a} sfd k6s–
of] k~rfotnfO{{ eljiodf eujfg\n] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] eg] Tof] eGbf cem eg] kfn'ª6f/af6 kmls{bf PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLx¿sf cfk|mgf kfv'/fn] k6s u/L lj:tf/} ;fj{hlgs ul/g' a'l4dflgk"0f{ sfd xf], o;n] g} cfof]hgfnfO{{
klg arfpg ;Sg] 5}gg\ . clg v'a gof", hgd'vL / slxNo} s;}n] hgtfsf] dfcf]jfbL ;Unf] / ;Unf] /xg] lyPg . uf] / vfsf] cgsG6f/ / pk] l Ift dfly n}hfG5, t/ To;f] ePg,Ú pgn] eg]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL b:tfj]hx¿nfO{{
vfpFnf / dHhfn] /dfpnf gu]Gb|k; | fb clwsf/ vf]:g g;Sg] clg s;}n] PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kfn'ª6f/df kfn'ª6f/ l;"uf/] . cfk"mx¿ a:g :ofpn] ut h'nfO{{df v08–v08 u/L klxnf] k6s ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5 ljlslnS; /
l/hfnn] To;f] eg] eg]gg\, Tof] s'/f s;}nfO{{ a'emfpg klg gldNg] Joj:yf 6'lqmPg . Toxf" ePsf] lj:tfl/t a}7sn] 5fk|f agfP, kfgL vfg] kf]v/L vgfP, c;fGh ljZjJofkL rf;f]sf] s]Gb| ag]sf x'g\ . gf]e]Da/df @ nfv %) xhf/
slt ;f"rf] xf] pg}n] hfg"g\ . t/ rflxG5 eg]sf] 5 . clxn] To;}sf nflu g]kfnL /fhgLltnfO{{ gof" ult / lbzf sfo{qmd ug{ ;efsIf agfP, lah'nL cd]l/sL s"6gLlts s]a'n ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;'? u/]b]lv of] ;fO6 ;]jfIf]qsf]
plNnlvt egfO k~rfotsfnsf] åGå cyf{t\ /fhgLlts zLto'4 ldl8of lbg ;kmn eof] . ;lbof}b+ l] vsf zf]lift afn], df]6/ u'8fP . PsxKtf;Dd ToxL+ cfqmd0faf6 prfOdf k'Uof] . cd]l/sf / ToxfFsf ljQLo If]qdf ;"rgf r'xfj6
pQ/f4{lt/ g]kfnL ;dfhdf v'a jf/sf ¿kdf hf/L 5 . ;a} kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfsf cu'jf g]tfsf a;] . 5nkmn u/] . Tof] x]g{ ] dfG5] bË u/]nuQ} o;n] 7"nf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t u'dfPsf] 5 . c;fGhnfO{{ :jL8]gdf
k|rlnt lyof] . @)$^ ;fndf sfFu; ]| k|ltlqmofjfbL zlSt ldn]/ cu|udglj?4 lbn / lbdfudf gof" pmhf{ eg{ ;kmn k/] . u/] s] x'b" g} / -b'lgofn] eg] . u/]sf] of}g ck/fwsf] d'2fdf d+unaf/b]lv a]nfotsf] sf/fuf/ /flvPsf]
/ sDo'lgi6 ldn]/ u/]sf] cfGbf]ngn] nfu]sfn] ;Qf / eQfdf pgs} /hfO" eof] . cf–cfk|mgf If]qdf uP/ gof" dfcf]jfbLx¿;"u >d / ;Lk 5 . 5 . c;fGhn] eg] cfkm"n] s'g} klg unt sfd u/]sf] c:jLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf
k~rfotL Joj:yf klg uof] . ax'bnLo 5 . oxL åGå Pj+ k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] /hfO" ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu bafad"ns dgf]jn 5 . hf]z / hf"u/ 5 . gofF" 5g\ . pgsf ;dy{sx¿n] pgL / pgsf] ;+u7gdfly cfqmd0f ug{ cf/f]k
cyf{t\ afx'bnLo k|hftGqrflx" cfof] . rln/x]sf a]nfdf sfFu; ]| n] dxflwj]zg sfo{qmd ug{, Toltn] gk'u] ljb/f]xsf] sfd ug{ / b]vfpg] pT;fx 5 . nufOPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . t/ 8f]D;lr6 ju{n] eg], …olb tkfO{+ s;}sf]
To;n] klg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{{ vf;} u¥of] . gof" g]tT[ j klg r'Gof] . af"sL cfwf/ tof/ kfg{ lgb{z ] g lbg ;kmn pgLx¿ csf{sf] e/ kb}g{ g . cfkm} kf/blz{tfsf af/]df cfjfh p7fpg'xG' 5 eg] tkfO{+ :jo+df kf/bzL{ x'gk' 5{ .Ú
clwsf/;DkGg u/fpg ;s]g / b]zsf] /x]sf 7fpFd" f kbk"l\{ t ug{ ;efkltåf/f eof] . /fli6«o Pstf sfod /fVg, u5{g\ . kl;gf aufp"5g\, cl;gf …tkfO{+n] c?af6 h'g Jojxf/sf] cfzf ug{x'G5, cfk"mn] klg ;f]xL lsl;dsf]
d'xf/ km]{ klg ;s]g . k~rsf 7fpFd" f k|:tfljt Pj+ dgf]gLt gfd cg'df]bg k/flwgtfsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{ of]hgf k5f{p5 " g\, g]kfnL df6f] / af6f]df bl/nf Jojxf/ ug{'k5{Ú pgn] P;eL6LnfO{{ eg] . csf{ ljlslnS;sf k"j{sd{rf/Ln]
sfFu; ]| / Pdfn] cfP . ltgn] kfn}kfnf] u/fpg p;sf] s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] a}7s agfpg, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ljrf/, l;4fGt kfv'/f ahf5{g\ . b'ZdgnfO{{ nnsf5{g\ klg c;fGh;Fu c;Gt'i6 ePsf] atfP klg ljlslnS;sf ;+:yfksn] pSt
b]znfO{{ n'6] . clwsf/ dfUg] hgtfnfO{{ a;]sf] 5 . Tof] a}7sdf ljrf/sf] ax; / cfr/0fsf] /Iff ug{dfq} x}g, ;Dk"0\{ f / n3f5{g\ . k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] hlt u'gf;f] ;'Gg grfx]sf] v'nf;f u/] . …oBlk h'lnog;Fu ul/g] s'g} klg ts{
uf]nLn] e'6] . /fhfn] lbPsf] Tof] 5}g . s';L{sf] n'5' fr'8" L 5 . cfk;df b]zLljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] d'6d' f 7of+u+ f| ] g} e|d 5/] klg s]xL nfUb}g . kfn'ª6f/n] pgsf] clwgfosjfbL Jojxf/df uP/ 6'lËG5 . pgL;Fu s'g} ;d:of ePsf]
afx'jnLo Joj:yf klg g]kfnL hgtfsf df/fdf/ 5 . Pdfn]n] klg utjif{ 7f]Sg klg ;kmn eof] . Tof] a}7saf6 l;sfPsf] kf7 / b]vfPsf] kf6f] xf] u'gf;f] u/]df ceb| ufnL u/]/ kmsf{pg] uy]{,Ú xa{n :gf]/];gn] eg] . t/
aLrdf abgfd eof] . To;sf lj?4 dxflwj]zg u/]/ gof" g]tT[ j r'gs ] f] lyof] . PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{gLlt of] . of] kf6f] b]vk] l5 sfFu;
]| , Pdfn] / ljlslnS;sf k|jStf lqml:rg /fkm;gn] c;fGh / ;+u7gsf cGo ;b:ox¿aLr
pTkLl8t / pk]lIftn] xltof/ p7fP . Toxf" klg ljrf/sf] ax; lyPg, s';L 6'qmfdf ljeflht xf]nf, cfk;d} nSnf pgsf lk5nUu'x¿sf] ;ftf] uPsf] 5 . s'g} klg c;xdlt gePsf] atfPsf 5g\, t/ gofF k|ltåGåL ;d"xsf] :yfkgfsf]
clg /fhfsf xftaf6 kfPsf] afx'jnLo n'5fr'8" L lyof] . o:tf] n'5fr'8" L x]g{ / n'6sf] ;{ju{kmsf{pn " f eg]/ ¥ofn clg cfk|mgf ;'ljwfef]uL, :jfyL{ / of]hgfsf] ljifo /fd|f] ePsf] pgsf] egfO 5 . Ph]G;L
Joj:yf sfFu; ]| / Pdfn]n] rnfpg
g;s]/ /fhfs} xftdf kmsf{OlbP .
g]kfnL ;dfh cEo:t eO;s]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL ldl8of klg ltg}sf] /f]6L vfP/
sf9]/ a;]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL zlSt
cflQPsf] 5 . ToxL s'/f dflnssf
nDk6 sfo{stf{nfO{{ ;Demfpg yfn]sf
5g\– dfcf]jfbLx¿n] kxf8;"u kf}7+ h ] f]/L w]/} g'g vfg' 3fts
To;kl5 zfxL zf;g cfof] . tL b'as } f] uf]6L alg;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ljrf/ x]bg{ } . ldl8ofdfkm{t\ kf]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] v]n/] ef}lts / /fhgLlts ljsf; vfgf;Fu} g'gsf] cfjZostf /x] klg w]/} g'g vfg' :jf:Yosf nflu 3fts
k|lt/f]w ug{bzjif{ hgo'4 rNof] . zfxL ;fdflhs, ;f":s[lts, eflifs, ef}uf]lns, kfn'ª6f/n] s]x] L lbPg, k'/fg} cj:yf u5{g,\ gof" g]kfnsf nflu j}rfl/s /x]sf] Ps cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . Åbof3ft, dl:tis3ft / d[uf{nf;DaGwL
zf;gsf] cof{ r f/n] afx' j nLo n}Ëls, juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo ljljwtfdf sfod /Xof], xfQL cfof] xfQL cfof] dGyg u/] / lgsf; lgsfN5g\ . hl6n /f]usf] k|d'v sf/0f pRr /Strfkaf6 hf]lug g'g yf]/} vfg' kg]{
sxlnPsf sfFu; ]| / Pdfn]nfO{{ klg ;f+u7lgs Pstf, cfGtl/s j}rfl/s km':;f eof], vf]bf kxf8 lgsnf r'xf ltdLx¿nfO{{ /fHosf] ;'ljwf h'¥of klg, atfOPsf] 5 . cTolws g'g vfgfn] pRr /Strfk a9fpg] / o;n] dflg;nfO{{
eof], dfcf]jfbLleqsf] cGt/lj{/f]w emg /sdsf] y'kf| d] f k'¥of klg s]xL ub}g{ f} d'6' /f]u nfUg] ePsfn] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] g} sd g'g vfg ;a}nfO{{
kf/;–;'hftfsf] uf]/vwGbf rls{of], lj:tfl/t a}7sn] lg0f{o
ug{g;s]/ km]l/ s]lGb|o ;ldltnfO{{ g}
eg] ca xfd|f] of] n'6sf] ;{ju{nfO{
eujfgn] klg arfpg ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . cTolws g'g vfg' eg]sf] d'6' tyf d[uf}nf;DaGwL /f]usf]
k|d'v sf/0f ePsf] eGg] k|ltj]bg htftt}af6 cfpg yfn]kl5 ;+u7gn]
/fds' d f/ Png lg0f{o ug]{ lhDdf lbof], ;8s ljefu, clg v'a vfpnf / dHhfn] /dfpnf . ljZjel/ g} w]/} dfqfdf g'gsf] k|of]u gug{ cfu|x u/]sf] xf] . ljZjel/ g}
Psflaxfg} k"j/{ fhfsf 5f]/f kf/;sf xf:of:kb k|;] lj1lKtx¿n] Go"h kf]6x{ ¿df pRr /Strfksf sf/0f Åbo/f]uLsf] ;+Vof a9\b} 5 . g'gsf] cTolws k|of]un]
pRr:yfg kfP . pgn] s]xL ef/tLo / aËnfb]zL gful/sx¿n] lrtjgsf]
6fOu/ 6K;df pgL / pgsf kl/jf/ tyf pgsf egfOdf g]kfnk|lt ljt[i0ff ;fOa/ o'4sf] ;'?jft pRr /Strfk a9\g] s'/f clwsf+z dflg;nfO{{ hfgsf/L gePsfn] /Strfksf]
;d:of hl6n aGb} uO/x]sf] ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;+u7gsf cg';f/
km}nfpg] sfd u/]sf] atfP . of] cfj]u y]Ug g;s]/ pgn] xf]6nsf] aflx/ uO{
cfj]udf Ps /fpG8 xjfO kmfo/ u/]sf] :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . cl:t dfq cWofudg uf]kgKo ;"rgfx¿ lns u/]/ sDkgL df:6/ sf8{sf] sfdsfhdf klg g]kfnnufot ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsf dflg;n] cfjZoseGbf a9L g'g vfg]
ljefun] g]kfndf clxn] b}lgs ! xhf/ # ;o ko{6g g]kfn lelq/x]sf] atfPsf] h'lnog c;fGhn] ;f/f ;+;f/df vnanL cj/f]w l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . aLaL;L;Fu u/]sf 5g\ . h;sf/0f tL b]zdf /Strfksf /f]uL lbgfg'lbg al9/x]sf
lyof] . ko{6g jif{ @)!! sf] ;+3f/df lrtjgsf] ko{6sLo If]q ;f}/fxfdf Go" Oo/ dRrfOlbPsf 5g\ . n08gdf pgsf] s'/f ub}{ Xofs/x¿sf c1ft k|jStfn] 5g\ . ;+u7gsf cg';f/ ljZjdf Ps ca{ %) s/f]8 JolSt pRr /Strfkaf6
dgfpg cfpg] ko{6sx¿nfO{{ ;fob kf/;sf] l6Kk0fLn] ca lgs} xtf]T;fxL lu/ˆtf/Lkl5 klg of] qmd hf/L 5 . sDKo'6/ 8f6fsf] of] o'4df xhf/f}F dflg; kLl8t 5g\ . pRr /Strfkaf6 pTkGg x'g] dl:tis3ft Åbo/f]u /
kfg]5{ . vf;df lxhf] /flt ;'Q] t/v/df /x]sf g]kfnL gful/sx¿nfO{{ kf/;n] pgsf] j]e;fO6 ljlslnS;nfO{{ sof}F ;xefuL ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . /]l8of] d[uf}nf;DaGwL /f]uaf6 ljZjdf ;aeGbf a9L dflg;sf] Wofg hfg] u/]sf]
Pp6f dL7f] pkxf/ lbPsf lyP . g]kfnL pvfg 5 uwfnfO{{ g'xfP/ ufO{ x'bF g} . k6s Xoflsªsf] lgzfgf agfOPsf] 5, cGtjf{tf{df XoflS6le:6sf] hjfkmL 5 . pRr /Strfk 36fpg] e/ kb{5 pkfo ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{{ g'g vfg sd
cGttM kf/;n] ToxL u/] hf] g]kfnL gful/sdf pgsf] 5lj 5 . Psfw dlGb/df / Ps k6s t s]xL ;do j]e;fO6 sf/afxLsf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf pgn] eg]– u/fpg' ePsf] ljZj :jf{:Yo ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 . ljZjdf !) dWo]
hfFbd} f s]xL gkfnL 6]lnlehgdf 9fsf6f]kLdf ;lhP/ cGtjf{tf{ lbFbd} f pgsf] aGb;d]t ePsf] lyof] . . kl5 ;fO6 OG6/g]6sf] cy{g} ;a}sf nflu k"0f{ tLghgfnfO{{ vfg]s'/fdf a9L g'gsf] pkef]u ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . b}lgs
tLg bzs nfdf] rl/qdf sfofkn6 eof] eGg' e|d g} lyof] . ldl8ofx¿n] pgL ;'rf? ePsf] lyof] . t/ ca hjfkmL :jtGqtf xf] t/ ;/sf/x¿ / s]xL pkef]u ug{ g'gsf] dfqf cfwf dfq 36fpg ;s] pRr /Strfksf] ;d:of
;'lw|bF } uPsf] atfP klg pgL cfkm}n F ] ;f}/fxfdf To;sf] vG8g u/] / cfh laxfg cfqmd0f klg ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . s]xL sDkgL ljlslnS;dfly cfqmd0f u/]/ sd x'g]5 .
t :jLsf/ klg . p;f] t kf/;s} rl/qdf b]lvg rfxg] ;'hftf sf]O/fnfn] g]kfn
k|x/LnfO{{ kf/;nfO{{ lgoGq0fdf lng u'xf/ ul/5g\ . kf/;n] eg]sf ef/tLo /
aËnfb]zLx¿ ;'hftfsf 5f]/LHjfOFx¿ k/]5g\ . ef/tn] g]kfndf ul//x]sf] 7f8f]
JolStx¿n] c;fGhsf] tkm{af6 abnf
lng ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] o:tf
j]e;fO6nfO{{ lgzfgf agfO/x]sf 5g\
:jtGqtf vf]:g] sf]l;; ul//x]sf 5g\
h;sf] hf]8bf/ k|ltsf/ hjfkmL
XoflsËsf] dfWodaf6 ul/Fb5} . OG6/g]6
k|d] sf nflu /f]rs 7fFpx¿
x:tIf]kdf r'OSF s gaf]Ng] k//fi6« dGqL sf]O/fnfsf] of] rl/q klg sd zfxL k|d] sf nflu g t ;do g} rflxG5 g t 7fpF . of] s'g} klg a]nf sxLF klg
3/fgfsf] b]lvPg . gful/s cWofodf k/]sf] ef/tdf g]kfnL r]nLx¿ lhpFb} h;nfO{{ ljlslnS;sf] lj/f]wL dflgFb} ;]So'l/6L;Fu ;DalGwt Ps ljz]if1sf x'g ;S5 . o:t} k|d] sf nflu dflg;x¿n] k|of]u ug]{ s]xL /f]rs 7fFpx¿–
hnfO{Psf] sfnf kxf8sf sfnf va/ cfpFbf gaf]Ng] ;'hftfnfO{{ cfˆgf] 5f]/LHjfOFsf] cfPsf] 5 cyf{t ljlslnS;sf sf/0f cg';f/ le;fsf] j]e;fO6df cfqmd0f l;g]df xn M k|]dsf nflu l;g]df xn lgs} pko'St 7fpF xf] . t/ o;sf
oqf] dfof /x]5 t lsg pgn] kf/; a;]sf] 7fpFdf uP/ lrRofpg nfu] ;'hftfsf ;fOa/ o'4 ;'? ePsf] 5 . s'g} ug{ d' l :sn 5, hfgsf/x¿sf nflu xnsf] PsfGt 7fpF a9L pkof]uL x'G5 . cem ;aeGbf k5fl8sf]
5f]/LHjfOFn] ubf{ ko{6g jif{df g]kfndf cfpg] aËnfb]z / ef/tsf ko{6sx¿ j]e;fO6df l5/]/ To;sf] x'lnof laufg{, cg'dfgcg';f/ le;fsf] j]e;fO6df l;6df o;sf] cnUu} cfgGb cfpF5 . lsgeg] tkfO{sf] k5fl8af6
ca ;f}/fxf cfpFbf kf/;sf] Wjf+; b]v/] Ps k6s ;f]Rg afWo x'g5 ] g\ clg To;nfO{{ aGb x'g afWo kfg{ jf To;sf] cfqmd0f sDtLdf b'O{ xhf/ XoflS6le:6 s;}n] tkfO{nfO{ b]Vb}g . cem k|]d syfdf cfwfl/t rnlrqdf s'/f
kf/;n] u/]sf] ckdfgsf] zAbn] klg pgLx¿nfO{{ g]kfnk|lt cfj]u cfpg] g} 5 . ;fdu|Lx¿ d]6fOlbg]x¿nfO{{ Xofs/ eGg] ldn]/ u/]sf] x'g ;S5 . of] To:t} xf] ls ;f6f;f6 ug{ cnUu} dHhf cfpg]5 .
To;dfly ef/tLo / aËnfb]zL gful/ssf gfddf ;'hftfsf cfkmGtx¿n] of] ul/G5 . t/ o; k6s cnu ¿kdf s'g} 7"nf] / ;'/lIft ejgdf b'O{ xhf/
d'ns' sf] ko{6g Joj;fodf cfFr cfpg] sfd ug'{ dWo/flt xf]6ndf hfF8sf] lnk\m6 M k|]dsf nflu csf]{ pko'St tyf ;'/lIft :yfg lnˆ6 xf] . t/
ljifo cl3 a9]sf] 5 . o;nfO{{ Pp6f dflg;n] crfgs cfqmd0f u/] . dflg;x¿n] o;sf] k|of]u eL8 sd x'g] a]nfdf dfq ug]{ ub{5g\ .
gzfdf xf]6ndf a:g cfPsf c?nfO{{ pQ]lht agfpg' s] plrt xf] kf/; hlt /fhgLlts cleofgsf] ¿kdf x]l/Psf] ;+;f/sf b'O{ 7"nf qm]l86 sf8{ sDkgL,
gful/ssf gh/df pb08 b]lvPsf 5g\ ;'hftf HjfOF s'g dfdnfdf rf]vf b]lvP cem cfk"m a;]sf] 3/sf] lnˆ6 t emg} ;'/lIft x'g] ub{5 .
5 . To;}n] PlS6le:6 / Xofs/nfO{{ le;f / df:6/ sf8{sf] dfWodaf6 x/]s kfls{ª M kfls{ª klg k|d] sf nflu k|of]u ul/g] /f]rs 7fpF xf] . cem uf8Ldf
/ ;'hftf cfÎgf 5f]/L–HjfOFsf] cfª 9fSg k|x/LnfO{{ pbL{ lbP . ldnfP/ To;sf nflu Pp6f zAb lbg s/f]8f}F 8n/sf] n]gb]g x'g] ub{5 .
nf]stGqsf] lvNnL c? s;}n] geP/ log} ;'hftf sf]O/fnfh:tf u0ftGqsf] sfnf] l;;f 5 eg], kfls{ªkl5 l;;f nufP/ k|d] ubf{ dflg;x¿n]
s'/f ug]{ kfv08L zfxL 3/fgfsf] hLjg latfpg]x¿n] p8fO/x]sf 5g\ . lognfO{{ agfOPsf] 5–XoflS6le:6 . Psfw oL Xofs/x¿n] ljlslnS;lj?4 d'2fdf gf}nf] cg'ej ub{5 . t/ uf8Lsf] ;fFrf] eg] /fd|/L /fVg] ug{xf]nf .
u0ftGq eg]sf] klg kfl/jfl/s /demd / df]hd:tL xf] eGg] e|d 5 h'g e|dsf] XoflsËsf 36gf t ;w}F eOg} /xG5 ;/sf/L jlsnsf] j]e;fO6 klg Xofs
t/ o; k|sf/sf] n8fOF sd} b]lvPsf] u/]sf 5g\ . XoflS6le:6x¿sf cg';f/
k'R5/ ;dft]/ gful/snfO{{ cGofo ubf{ cfh kf/;x¿ dWo/flt aflx/ cfP/
xjfO{ kmfol/ª ub}{ cfj]unfO{{ zfGt kfl//x]sf 5g\ . oxfF kf/sf] bf]if hlt 5 Tolt
g} u0ftGqsf lxdfotL dflgg] ;'hftf kl/jf/sf] klg bf]if 5 . /fgLlts /ª 3f]n/]
lyof] . qm]l86 sf8{ sDkgL le;fn]
ljlslnS;nfO{{ k|fKt x'g] rGbf k|f;
] ;
]
pgLx¿ ;+;f/sf 7"nf sDkgLx¿nfO{{
gi6 ug{ rfxFbg} g\ t/ pgLx¿nfO{{
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf
s;}nfO{{ sfnf] agfpg' k"jg{ } p sfnf] rl/qsf] lyof] eg] sfnf] 3f]Ng]sf] rl/q klg
sfnf] g} x'G5 . kf/; / ;'hftfsf] bf]xf]/L / uf]/vwGbfdf xfdL lsg cndn
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/ c+uh ]| sf] bf;tfn] lklN;bf ToxfFsf lgx"F kfpbf ;fy pu|¿k lngyfN5 . u/]/ Ps jf csf]{ dfly k|xf/ u/fP/ !!= ;dfg sfg'g ;dfg Jojxf/ . ylkPsf] ;doleq klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofn] ult gkfpg', dxFuL /
lxGb'n,] cfˆgf] ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt, wd{ / slxn]sfFxL 5'l§g] l:ylt klg k}bf x'g;S5 . ;Qf l6sfO{ /xg], zf]if0f–bdg / pTkL8g !@= k|fs[lts >f]tdfly ;dfg clwsf/ e|i6frf/n] b]z lbgfg'lbg vf]qmf] x'bF } hfg' hf/L zflGtk|lqmofdf ;+s6
;+:sf/ arfpg blIf0faf6 pQ/lt/ nfUg] sfdgf u/f}F To:tf] l:ylt gcfcf];,\ sfod /fVg] /fhgLlts oyfl:yltjfbsf] / kxFr' .
of]hgf ;kmn kfg{ klg ljleGg ;dodf
b]vfkg',{ b]zsf bIf hgzlQm ljb]zL e"lddf >d ug{ hfg] qmd a9\b}
qmddf of] If]qsf] cfjfbL a9]sf] xf] . O{i6 zf;ssf] a'l4 knfcf];\ . ;'uf}nL ;GwLsf] !#= ul/aL lgjf/0f / /f]huf/L .
O{lG8of sDklg;Fu ;g\ !*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] l;dfgf lgwf{/0f u/]kl5 kxf8L / dw]zLsf lardf åGå rsf{Og' . !$= hgpQ/bfoL / kf/bzL{ tyf lagf hfg'n] d'ns ' ljZj;fd' c;kmn /fi6« x'g] ;Defjgf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . d'ns '
;GwLkl5 jt{dfg g]kfnsf] l;dfgf lgwf{/0f s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdf hlxn] klg kxf8L d"nsf ;Qfn] cfˆgf] c;kmntf 9fSg / /fli6«o lx+;f klg hgtfsf] s'/f ;'Gg] clxn]s} cj:yfdf l6ls/xg] ;Defjgf IfL0f aGb} uPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts¿kdf
ePsf] xf] . of] If]q cfˆg} ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt g]kfnL s} afx'Notf /Xof] . To;sf] la¿4df ;d:ofaf6 hgtfsf] Wofg cGt} df]8g\ ;/sf/ . klg d'ns ' b]z, sfn, kl/l:yltcg';f/ ¿kfGtl/t x'gk} 5{ . o;sf] dtna
/ cfˆg} klxrfgn] kl/:s[t P+j kl/k"0f{ slxn] t/fO{ sfFu;] | , slxn] ;b\efjgf cflb klg ;'lgof]lht ¿kdf kxf8L / dw]zLsf !%= t/fO{÷dw]zdf /x]sf] cNkdt d'ns ' sf] cu|udgtk{msf] dfu{nfO{ s;}n] cj/f]w ug{ ;Sb}g .
ePklg g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo ;Qfsf] cfGtl/s kf6L{n] cfGbf]ng u/] . tL cfGbf]ng ;Qf aLrdf åGå rsf{pg ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] kIfsf] klg plrt ;Ddfg . of] b]zsf d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr olta]nf ljZjf;sf] b"/L
pklgj]z h:t} /Xof] . /f0ff /fhf / 7"nf k|flKtsf v]n afx]s c¿ x'g ;s]gg\ . Vofn gug'{ . t/fO{÷dw]zsf] sdhf]/ !^= kxf8L / dw]zLsf aLrdf a}aflxs emg} a9]/ uPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ d'ns ' sf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ zflGt /
bnsf g]tfsf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{ hg, wg, To;n] t/fO{ ÷ dw] z sf hgtfsf] w/ftnnfO{{ k|of]u u/]/ /fli6«o / / kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw uf:g] ;+ljwfg yk w/fkdf k/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] d'Vo /fhgLlts zlQm
ag, ;fwg / vfBfGg rflxbf cfˆg} b]z hLjg:t/df vf;]} ;'wf/ Nofpg ;s]g . cGt/fli6«o zlQms]Gb|n] g]kfnsf] ;Qf;Fu k/Dk/fsf] yfngL . Pdfcf]jfbL b; jif]{ ;zQm ;+3if{sf] zflGtk"0f{ cjt/0f;Fu} o; ofqfdf
dfGg],c¿a]nf pklga]z 7fGg] sf7df8f}s + f] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs jfu]l{ gª ug{, cfˆgf] s'lT;t of]hgfsf] s'g} klg dfG5] d kmnfgf] hft, ;f]r dUg cj:yfaf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] aLraf6 k|fKt
;f]rnfO{{ kl/jt{g ug]{ gfpdf of] If]q :t/df t/fO{ ÷ dw] z sf hgtfsf] k/LIf0f ug{ klg kxf8L / dw]zLsf ;d'bfo, wd{, If]q / j0f{df hlGdg s]xL pknlAwx¿nfO{ /Iff ub}{ hgtfsf] ;Qf k|flKtsf] dxf;+uf| ddf
ljleGg ;dodf cfGtl/s ¿kdf hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ gcfpg' klg kxf8L lardf åGå rsf{pg ;S5 eGg] s'/flt/ kfpF eg]/ lgj]bg xfn]/ hGd]sf] x'bg} . dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ cfˆgf] /0fgLlts of]hgf;lxt cufl8 a9\b5 } d'ns '
cfGbf]lnt 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] g]tT[ jn] lj/f]wL / dw]zLsf larsf] åGå rls{gs ' f] k|dv' Wofg glbg' . Joj:yf / ;Qfsf] k|fs[lts lgod cg';f/ hGdG5 / ;+qmd0fsfnleq b]zLo k|ltlqmofjfbL / ljb]zL lj:tf/jfbsf] k~hfaf6
kIf / ldq zlQmsf] klxrfg ug{ g;Sbf sf/0f /Xof] . t/fO{÷dw]z ef/tLo ;+qmd0fsfn / sdhf]/ ;fdflhs ;DaGw, k|fs[lts lgod cg';f/ g} afFr/] dg{ :jtGq x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] cfGtl/s dfdnfdf lj:tf/jfbL
kxf8L / dw]zLsf aLrdf åGå rls{bf] l;dfgf;Fu hf]l8Psfn] oxfFsf hgtfsf] sdhf]/ ;/sf/L ;+oGq / b08xLgtf, kfpg'k5{ , of] p;sf] k|fs[lts clwsf/ x:tIf]k kl5Nnf] ;dodf gfËf] ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . d'ns ' nfO{ j}bl] zs
5 . kmntM ;Qf;Fusf] ;+3if{ uf}0f / cfˆg} k|ToIf ;DaGw ef/tLo ahf/ / ef/tLo gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ul/Psf] l9nfO{,{ xf] . t/ ;dfh ljsf;sf] qmd;Fu} x:tIf]kd'Qm agfpg clGtd k6s /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] n8fOF gn8L
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aGg k'usf] 5 . To;}n] ;of} ufp–3/ b]zdf hUuf–hldg x'g,] efiffut / lk5l8Psf] If]qnfO{{ pk]Iff ul/g] k/Dk/f . l/ltl/jfh / ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fn] 5 . xfdLnfO{ :jfwLg /fi6« rflxPsf] 5 . ;a hgtfsf]
hNbf / dfG5]sf] Hofg 9Nbf klg ;f+:s[lts ;fldKotf Pj+ kfl/jfl/s kxf8L / dw]zLsf aLrdf cfTdLo ;DaGw dfG5]nfO{{ h]Nb} / 7]Nb} nu]/ Pp6f dgf]lj1fgcg';f/sf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo Joj:yf rflxPsf]
cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] dfu ˆ:k"/f x'g ;s]sf] ;DaGw klg hf]l8gfn] g]kfnL zf;ssf aGg g;Sg' ,unt kIfsf] pS;fx6af/] ;d'xdf afFW5 . ToxL afFWg] qmddf sf]xL 5 . x'bF f vfg] / x'gv ] fg]aLrsf] juL{o vf8n k'g{ ;Sg] ;Ifd /fHok|0ffnL
5}g . ufp3/sf] cfGtl/s åGån] s]Gb|Lo b[li6df oxfFsf hgtf ;w}+ z+sfsf] 3]/fdf ;r]t x'g g;Sg' / z+sfn] nÍf hN5 s'g 7fpFsf], sf]xL s'g hftsf], sf]xL g]kfnL hgtf dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . qmflGtsf/L dfS;{jfbsf] j}1flgs
;QfnfO{{ unfpg klg ;s]sf] 5}g . d"n k/] . To;n] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] eGg] ga'em\g' cflb ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /x]sf s'g wd{sf] aGg k'U5 . t/ s'g} klg ljrf/ af]s/] dfq cfhsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofsf] ;xL ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
wldlnP kl5 vf]nf] ;ª\nf] x'bg} . /fhgLlt ;d:of hGdfof] . ;'ne tl/sfn] 5g\ . oL ;d:ofx¿af6 d'lQm kfpg lgDg hft, wd{ kl/jf/ csf]{ kl/jf/sf] zq' k'/fgf, yf]qf ljrf/ / k|0ffnLsf] dfu{df cufl8 a9\g vf]Hbf xfd|fh ] :tf]
lau|k] l5 b]z / ;dfhdf c/fhstf / t/fO{÷dw]z d"nsf lzlIft g]kfnL ;d'bfo pkfox¿ cjnDag ug'{ jfG5gLo x'g] xf]Og . unt /fhgLltn] dfG5]–dfG5]df d'ns ' emg} ul/a /fi6«sf] k+lQmdf bx|f] u/]/ kIfdf cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo
c;Gtf]if a9\5 . ;fdflhs ;b\efj ;/sf/L ;]jfdf sd} k|jz ] kfpg' . t/fO{ b]lvG5 . lje]b u/]/ cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ af6f] Joj:yfn] cfh xfd|f] d'ns ' of] cj:yfdf cfOk'us ] f] hf]s;}nfO{ cjut
vNalnG5 . hflto, lnËLo, If]qLo / ÷dw]zsf k|fs[lts >f]t hn, hËn, / != ;Qfn] t/fO{÷dw]znfO{{ x]g]{ agfpFbf cfk;df le8Gt u/fpg],
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g} 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cg'ofoLx¿ g} olta]nf w/fkdf k/]sf] of]
aLrdf klg åGå x'G5 . To;}n] clxn] ;Qfdf kxf8L ;d'bfosf] kx'rx'g' @= /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs, Goflos / x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;f] ubf{ hlxn] klg Joj:yfnfO{ s;/L arfpg] eGg]tkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ . Joj:yf g} c;kmn
g]kfndf klg ljleGg vfn] åGå rln/x]sf] t/fO{÷dw]zdf /x]sf ul/a / dWod auL{o ;'/Iffdf ;dfg ;'ljwf / ;xeflutf sdhf]/ w/ftndf cl8Psf] ;dfh, eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf km]l/ oxL c;kmn Joj:yfnfO{ of] d'ns ' df k'gM
5 . rn]sf cg]sf}+ åGå dWo]sf] Pp6f kxf8L ;d'bfosf] sf/0f xf]Og{ , a¿ pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . l5§} cfqmd0f / k|Tofqmd0f u/fpg nfu" ug{ vf]Hg] k'/fgf ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿sf] ;f]rdf ckl/kSjtf 5 .
åGå k"jL{ / dWo t/fO{÷dw]zdf kxf8L / kxf8df zf]lift eP/ t/fO{÷dw]zdf cfP/ #= clxn]sf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] lbg ;lsg] If]qnfO{{ k|of]u ul/G5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} Joj:yf ;kmnu:–c;kmneGbf klg d'ns ' s'g
dw]zLsf aLrdf k}mnfO{P{ sf] 5 . b'js } f hLjg lgaf{x ug],{ t/fO{÷\ dw]zsf] ljsf;df eg]sf] pwf/f] ;+3Lo /fHonfO{{ clxn] zf;sn] pk]Iff u/]sf], eflifs Joj:yfdf ;kmn x'G5 eGg] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfpF5 . o; lbzftkm{
ufpF hnfO{Psf 5g, b'jn} fO{{ 9nfO{P{ sf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] kxf8L ;d'bfo xfd|} g]kfnL Jojxf/df kl/0ft ug{ ;a} kf6L{n] ¿kdf ljeflht t/fO{÷dw]znfO{{ k|of]u ;Dk"0f{ zlQm nfUg' g} d'ns ' sf] nflu lxt x'g] b]lvG5 .
5, 3fO{t] / lj:yflkt u/fO{Psf] 5 . bfh'efO{ x'g\ eGg] s'/f a'em\g g;Sg' / Pp6} lsl;dsf] /fhgLlts lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . of] k|of]unfO{{ ;dod} ;fDo [email protected]
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a9fP¿ /fhgLlt ul/b}5 . b+zg{ ljrf/, :yfgLo hgtfnfO{{ xf]Rofpg], ckdfg &= of] b]z d]/f] xf] eGg] kfg{ ;Sg'k5{ . g]tf / ;/sf/sf] c;kmntfn] s'g} klg dfcf]jfbLsf] e|ft[ ;+u7g clvn g]kfn blIf0f Pl;of OGrfh{;d]t x'g'x'G5 .
cfbz{ P+j g}lts d"No / l;4fGtaf6 ug]{ ug'{ . ul/a, a]/f]huf/L / k5f}6k] g . *= kxf8Lx¿ zf;s / dw]zLx¿ kxf8L / dw]zLn] b'Mv gkfpg\ . ls;fg ;+3df k|j]z ug{'ePsf] 5 . pxf;Fu} ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf
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ubf{ o:tf] åGå k}bf x'G5 . 3/d"nLn] cfˆgf kxndf ePsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdnfO{{ 5f]8s
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u/]/ /fVg g;Sbf 3/ emu8f a9\b} aflx/L l;k / >daf6 jl~rt x'g' .

International Money Express (IME) Pvt. Ltd.

Corporate Office : Panipokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal,
Tel : 00977-1-4430600, Fax : 00977-1-4425800
Main Branch Office : Kantipath, Kathmandu, Nepal,
Corporate Office (Home TV) :
Tel : 00977-1-4230074
P. O. Box : 19797 Toll-free No. 16600-151515,
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E-mail : [email protected], [email protected],
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Toll Free No. 16600110101
ahf/df cfOk'Uof], k9\g g5'6fpg'xf]nf E-mail : [email protected], Web : www.imeremit.com
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pb\3f6g lyof] . kfn'ª6f/df dfcf]jfbLsf] /+uLg km"nx¿ /fv]/ agfOPsf 5g\ . ;ldlt, kf]ln6Ao"/f] / :yfoL ;ldltsf bz{;DaGwL /fd|} bVvn /fVg] xfd|f s]6L– If]qLn] dfdfsf] eGg] g]jf/n] kfHo"sf] .
5}7f}+ lj:tfl/t a}7ssf] tof/L z'? ePb]lv ;8ssf] dflyaf6 ljleGg :jfut g]tfx¿sf nflu ;f]kfgqmdfg';f/ a:g] g] t fx¿n] g} jf:tljs hLjgdf 3/ stf xf] sxfF a:g'G5, gfd s] xf] bfHo"sf] ..
ldl8ofx¿sf] Wofg Totf s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] Jofg/x¿ 6fFluPsf 5g\ . tL ;a} Joj:yf ldnfO{Psf] lyof] . xn olt ;'Gb/ clwe"tjfbsf] cEof; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . s]6f– xfjfkfgL ;'Osf]6s } f] a:tL ?dfn ufa
lyof] . Joj:yfkg / tof/Lsf ;a} b[Zox¿ :jfutx¿nfO{{ :jLsf/ ub}{ xfdL sfo{qmd / lrQfsif{ lyof] ls ToxfFleq a:bf a]Ub} kf6L{ cfGbf]ngleq leGg dt cfpg]lalQs}
ldl8ofsf d'Vo ljifo aGb} lyP . rrf{ / :ynlt/ k|jz ] u¥of}+ . d"n u]6aflx/ d]nfsf] cfgGbfg'el" t x'GYof] . xn xFl;of xyf}8f To;dfly s'g} rng–rNtLsf] ljNnf le/fO{ 3/ 5}g, 3'd/] a:5' zf]lift d]/f] gfj ..
rf;f]sf] lzv/df k'us ] f] kfn'ª6f/ a}7sn] nflu 7fpF 5'§ofOPsf] /x]5 . dfG5]x¿sf] c+lst Wjhf ktfsfx¿n] /+luPsf] lyof] . lbg'kg]{ sDo'lgi6 sd{sf08sf] lgoltaf6 s]6L– ;Nofg}sf l;tnkf/L, ssf{ xfN5 ufOg .
/fli6«o¿kdf dfq xf]Og, cGt/f{li6«o¿kdf 7"n} eL8 lyof] . k':ts / kqklqsf, kmf]6f]df ;hfOPsf ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf xfdL cem} d'St x'g ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . g]kfnL
;d]t ;a}sf] Wofg cfs[i6 ub}{ lyof] . of] kmnkm"n, gf:tf k;nb]lv lnP/ ;a} dxfg u'?x¿ dfS;{, P+uN] ;, n]lgg, sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] 6'6–k"m6 / ljefhgsf] ;'sd ' af;L lhGbuL of], :s'n b]Vg kfOg ..
kIfn] klg xfdL ;xefuLx¿df Pp6f leGg} pkef]Uo j:t'x¿sf] Joj:yf lyof] . xfdL :tflng / dfcf]n] xfd|f] lj:tfl/t a}7snfO{{ h'g Iflt Joxf]b{} cfPsf] 5, o;sf] d"n s]6f– ;'g hf]Vg] t/fh'dfly, lkof hf]Sg kfOg .
k|sf/sf] /f]rstf, /f}gstf / ujf{ge' l" t d"n u]6g]/ k'Uof}+ . ToxfF tfdfª hfltsf] uDeL/ efjn] lgofln/x] em}+ nfUYof] . sf/0f oxL g} xf] . kfn'ª6f/ jx;sf] cEof;
eO/x]sf] lyof] . of] eGbf klg a9L xfdL e]ife"iffdf dlxnf–k'?ifx¿sf] 6f]nLn] dxfg ;lxbsf kmf]6f]x¿ xfFl;/x]em+} nfUYof] . oxL sDo'lgi6 sd{sf08sf lj?4sf] ;fx"sf] a'tg{ , b'MvL hLjg, n]Vg–k9\g kfOg ..
Oltxf;k|ltsf] uDeL/ lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf cfuGt'sx¿sf] :jfut ub}{ lyof] . u]6 sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] nflu of] ljb|fx] sf] z'?jft xf] . s]6L– ufpFhf hfF ahfpg] 7"nf], ahapGofsL hf]OgfO{ .
;fy ;xefuL ePsf lyof}+ . cg]sg kf/ ug{sf nflu xfdL nfO{g nfu]/ ;fFlRrs} dxf]T;j g} lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIf s= k|r08n] pkfWoIfåosf
k|Zgx¿ af]s/] uPsf lyof}+ dgleq . pleof}+ . u]6 kf/ ubf{ xfdL ;a}nfO{{ pb\3f6g cWoIf s= k|r08af6 eof] . b:tfj]hx¿nfO{{ ;dfj]z ug]{ k|oTg ub}{ hlGdFb} b'vfgL{ eP xfd|f] af]Ng] sf]Og{ fO{ ..
g]kfnL qmflGtsf] eljio;Fu hf]l8Psf tL ;Demgf:j¿k Ps–Psj6f /ftf] ?dfn pb\3f6g efif0fsf] qmddf s= cWoIfn] 5'§} b:tfj]h k]z ug{e ' of] . To;dfly s]6f– ufO{e; F} L ayfg} a:5g\ kl/sfF8f ddf{ .
k|Zgx¿nfO{{ a}7sn] s;/L pQl/t ug]5 { – pkfWoIfåon] l6Kk0fL ug'e { of] . cGTodf
b'MvLsf 3/df hGd], s:tf] / 5 sdf{ ..
dgleq k|Zgdfly k|Zgx¿ ylkb} lyP .
lrGtg ug{] 7fpFdf lrGtf xfjL x'g] xf] ls
eGg] csf]{ lrGtf klg ylkb} lyof] .
clttsf kfgfaf6 ;dL/a'9fdu/
/l~ht ofqL
cWoIf sd/]8n] ;du| ax;n] p7fg
u/]sf ljifox¿nfO{{ ;Daf]wg / ;+Zn]lift
ub}{ ;dfkg dGtJo /fVg'eof] . To;
s]6L– dfG5] sfnf] /ª 5fnfnn] /]n w'jf sfnf]n] .
sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] Joj:yf lbFb} eGb} x'gx' G' Yof]– æxfd|f] td'jfg /fHodf ca dxfljklQsf lbgx¿ cfpg] vt/flt/ cufl8 pkfWoIf gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7 b'vf/L sd{n] xf]Og, zf]if0ffsf] hfnf]n] ..
u/]cg'¿k xfdL cfˆgf] cfjf; If]qdf oxfFx¿sf] xfflb{s :jfut 5 .Æ xfdLn] ;+st] ub}{ sDo'lgi6x¿ Hjf/ef6fsf lj?4 …k|sfzÚåf/f k|:t't ;d;fdflos k|:tfj s]6f– jif{sf] Ps k6s nfU5 of] dflnsf k}g .
k'Uof}+ . b]zel/sf cnu–cnu /fHo klg hf]lznf] clejfbg ub}{ :jfut :jLsf/ =============hfg tof/ /xg'kg{] cfjZostfdf kfl/t eof] . a}7s eJo / zfgbf/¿kn] xnL a:5' v]t hf]Tb5', hUufhldg 5}g ..
;ldltx¿sf] lgldQ cnu–cnu cfjf; u¥of}+ . td' k/Dk/f cg';f/ ;]tf] 6Lsf / hf]8 lbg'eof] . pxfFn] kf6L{ljgsf] ;kmn eof] . of] ;kmntfn] xfdL ;a}df
If]qsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] /x]5 . b]zel/sf ;'Gtnfsf] ;Tsf/ u|x0f ub}{ leq l5¥of}+ . cGt/;+3i{ faf/] k|i6 kfb}{ eGg'eof] …sDo'lgi6 gofF pd+u el/lbof] . gofF /St;~rf/ s]6L– n6\of h]uL, ufFhf ef]uL, kIffif0f cf;g .
;xofqL sd/]8x¿;Fusf] hd36 x'g' vfg vfP/ cfjf;df k'uk] l5 d}n] kf6L{ljg]sf] hd]sf] kf]v/L xf]Og, u8u8fpFbf] ul/lbof] . gofF hf]z ylklbof] . gofF ul/a w]/,} zf]ifs yf]/,} zf]ifss} zf;g ..
cfkm+d} f ;'vb\ kIf xf] . lrg]sf glrg]sf, xtf/f]kj" s
{ uf]hLdf /fv]sf] ;Demgfsf] lrgf] gbL xf] .Æ ljZjf; hufOlbof] . of] a}7ssf] ;+sNkn]
gofF–k'/fgf ;a};uF enfs';f/L ug{] k|jn /ftf] ?dfn x]/+] . To;df n]lvPsf] /x]5 tLgj6} k|:tfjsf k|:tf]tfx¿n] cf– qmflGtsf] clGtd ljhosf] nflu km]l/ s]6f– af/Ldf 6Nsg] Sof xf] sf]bf/Lsf] gn .
OR5fn] s'Ts'TofPs} lyof] . ;fFemsf] vfgf æPsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] 5}7f}+ lj:tfl/t cfˆgf] k|:t'lt /fVg'eof] . z'?df s= afa'/fd Psrf]l6 alnbfg lbg tof/ /xg] ;fO{ b'vf/L, d b'vf/L, Pp6} u/f}F xn ..
vfg d];lt/ nfUof}+ . xfdL lx8b}5f},+ dg a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g' x'g] sd/]8x¿nfO{{ e§/fO{n,] To;kl5 s= ls/0fn] / cGTodf OR5fzlSt k}bf ul/lbof] . dfcf]jfbL
k"m?Ë eO/x]sf] 5 . dgsf] pd+u klg ;Demgf:j¿k=========== .Æ ef]lnkN6 laxfg} s= k|r08n] . tLg}hgfsf] k|:t'lt lgs} tLglr/f k/]sf] b]Vg cft'/ b]zL–ljb]zL s]6L– xfQLdfly dfxf]Tofo, dfx'Tofdf xf]Nbf .
ljlrqsf] x'bF f]/x]5, Tof] ;fFemsf] ;do d]; ePtkm{nfUof},+ gf:tf u¥of}+ . clg k]lrnf] lyof] . ts{k0" f{ lyof] . ax'cfoflds k| l tqmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] dg;' j fnfO{ { b'j} ldnL s;d vfFb,} agf}F d'lQm of]4f ..
klg e|ldt eO/x]sf] 5 . htf x]¥of] Tot} laxfgLsf] nflndf;Fu} sd/]8x¿;Fu lyof] . ;DejtM xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf of] rsgfr'/ kfl/lbof] . d'lStsfdL g]kfnL
pHofnf] r/fx¿n] v'zL dgfO/x]] h:tf] . e]63f6 / cGt/+u 5nkmn z'? u¥of}+ . of] ce"tk"j{ g} lyof]] . cf}krfl/stfsf ;a} hgtf / ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf] dxfg Wo]o s]6f– x/x/ v/a/, ebjO{sf e/ .
lnulnusf]6sf] P]ltxfl;s u9Laf6 axg] qmd sfo{qmdsf] cf}krfl/s z'?jft kvf{nx¿ eTsfP/ cGt/+usf ;fy ul/Psf] p2]Zok|lt lgi7fjfg x'bF } gofF prfOdf afpnL ;dfO{ g5'6d \ nf, e]6 eofsf] 5/ ..
lr;f] xfjfn] :jfut ul//x]h:tf] . gx'bF f;Dd rNof] . Tof] jx;n] kf6L{ cfGbf]ngleqsf gofF Pstf xfl;n u¥of] . pb\3f]if0fs}
kfn'ª6f/sf] df6f] xfFl;/x] h:tf] . ?v ;a}sf] cf–cfˆg} w'g lyof] . sf]xL ;d:ofx¿ phfu/ u¥of] . clg, kfnf] qmddf dxf;lrj s= afbnn] ;+Zn]lift s]6L– l;/zfO{n] u'NofgL xfGof], sfNRof e¥of] vf]nf .
lj?jfx¿ gflr/x] h:tf] . crDd} nfUg] Û ToxfFsf] /ftfDo b[ZonfO{{ Sofd/fdf s}b cfof] /fHo ;ldltx¿sf] . x/]s /fHo u/] h:t}M æPstfsf] ljsNk 5}g, hgjfb jfO{u¥of] stf, vf]Hg hfg' xf] ..
cflv/ xfd|f] lj:tfl/t a}7sb]lv of] k|sl[ t ug{Jo:t b]lvGy] . sf]xL e]63f6df Jo:t ;ldltx¿df tLgj6} b:tfj]hsf cf–cfˆg} ¿kfGt/0fsf] ljsNk 5}g, qmflGtsf]
olt v'zL lsg xf]nf– k|To]s 3/sf] w'/Ldf lyP . sf]xL cGt/+u 5nkmn ub}{ lyP . ljrf/ ;d"xx¿ lyP . To;sf cfwf/df ljsNk 5}g .Æ s]6f– ;Ldf hfF ahf/ /fd|f,] tfn ldNofsf] tf]nL .
xFl;of xyf}8f c+lst /ftf] em08f sf]xL cGt/;+3i{ fn] sf]/s ] f] ;Ldf/]vfaf6 cf–cfˆgf dtx¿ k|s6 eP . g]tT[ jnfO{{ P]ltxfl;s a}7ssf] P]ltxfl;s jx; zf]ifs kmfNg cfh} p7f}F g dgf}F x} ef]ln ..
kmx/fO/x]sf 5g\ . ?vx¿df kx/fO/x]5g\ . lrlGtt b]lvGy] t sf]xL ;Ldf/]vf sf]g}{ lbg'kg]{ v'/fs k"/} lyP . g]tf / sfo{stf{aLr / o;sf] lgisif{ k}bf u/]sf] på]ngsf s]6L– xn aNn ljt/f k¥of], ;fpGof v]t ;fpb} .
/ftfDd} b]lvG5 kfn'ª6f/ . /ftfDd] tNnLg lyP . hd]/} ax; eof] . ax; 3D;f3D;L eof] . ;fy xfdL kmls{of}+ . uf8Ln] kfn'ª6f/;Fu
jftfj/0fdf /dfpFb} d]; / sfo{qmd:yn ;a}nfO{{ xnleq k|jz ] ug{sf] nflu olt pRr:t/sf] ax; xfd| f ] ljbf ln+b} xfdLnfO{{ af]s/] klZrdlt/ ufpFn] hGtf p7fp ;f/f d'lQmsf] uLt ufpFb} ..
ePlt/ nfUof}+ . k"/} ufpF l5rf]Ng] u/L hfgsf/L lbOof], pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] cfGbf]ngdf slxNo} ePsf] lyPg . s'bof] . xfdLn] kfn'ª6f/sf] lrgf] /ftf]
6f]n–6f]n;Dd ;8s k'¥ofOPsf] /x]5 .
;8ssf] bfofF / afofF em08fx¿ nx/}
z'?jft x'bF } lyof] . xnleq ;a} /fHo
;ldltx¿sf] nflu cnu–cnu a:g] u/L
hgjfbsf] cEof; e/k"0f{¿kn] eof] .
cfˆgf] cfnf]rgf ;'Gg klg grfxg] /
?dfn af]ls/x]sf lyof}+ . uf8L cfˆg}
ultdf s'lb/Xof] . kfn'ª6f/n] xfdLnfO{{
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf xfd|f] ;'emfj
ufl8Psf 5g\ . To;/L g} ;8ssf] bfofF / 7fpF 5'§ofOPsf] /x]5 . xfdL cfˆgf] 7fpFdf c?nfO{{ v'ONofpg kfP cfglGbt x'g] x]l//x]sf] lyof] . /fh]Gb| >]i7 u/fO/x]sf] 5 . stf/ g]kfnL Pstf
stf/ g]kfnL Pstf ;dfh stf/df ;dfhsf] xfn @( j6f Pl/of ;ldltx¿

af“8\gnfO{{ y'k|} rflx“b}g

sfd ug{ k"jd{ r ] Lb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;of}+ OsfO{ ;ldltx¿
/ lxdfnb]lv t/fO{;Ddsf ;a} hfthflt, /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL
efiffefifL wd{aDjLx¿nfO{{ Pstfsf] ;"qdf Pstf ;dfhcGtu{t @$ j6f b]zdf
afFWg] ;femf rf}tf/Lsf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ;+u7g lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o
ef/tL uf}td 3G6L dfq ahfPsf] cy{ rGbf dfu]sf] ;Ldf/]vfx¿ lj:tf/} e"uf]ndf dfq} ;Lldt t s] x L gePsfn] lbg] ;a} e Gbf ePsf] ;+u7g xf] . g]kfnaf6 stf/df g]kfnL Pstf ;dfhsf] d'Vo sfo{no
s'/f] ofn; 6]S;;sf] xf] clg ;do eGg] cG;f/ sf6\g klg cs}{ efiff af]Ng eP clg afFr / afFRg b]p / j;'wj} cd" N o;d] t x' F b f] / x] 5 . ;Eotfsf] /f]huf/Lsf nflu cfPsf gf} hgf ;lqmo g]kfnsf] ;fgf]l7dL eStk'/df 5 . stf/
w]/} cufl8sf] .g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] w]/} ePsf] vf]hs ] f] h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . cfk"mn] b]vs] f] s'6D' asd\sf cy{x¿ lstfaaf6 dgleq cf/Deb]lv g} n]gb]gdf g} ;[li6sf] g]kfnLx¿sf] e]nfn] !* gf]eD] j/ !((( g]kfnL Pstf ;dfhn] j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf]
lyPg, lqm;d;n] cfk"m cfPsf] ;+st] dfUg' / of] dfUg'sf] km/srflxF cfkm"n] k:g yfn] . lbg'sf cy{x¿ ablng, 5n{Ë cl:tTj c8]sf] /x]5 . ;"on { ] tfk, xfjfn] ;fndf :yfkgf u/]sf] of] ;dfhn] cfˆgf] nflu g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿nfO{{ ljb]zdf
htftt} lbg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . Tof] b]vs ] f] dfUg'sf kfqn] cfˆgf nflu dfUg] lg / km/flsg klg yfn] . lbgsf nflu ;f;, kfgLn] k|f0f, k[YjLn] sfv / dfd,
lqm;d; cfk"mn] cd]l/sfdf dfq geP/ uy{] clg of] dfUg'n] c? s;}sf nflu s]xL x'g} k5{ eGg] ;DemfOsf] ;+zf]wgn] cfsfzn] cf]t u/L lbg] k|lqmof t :yfkgfsfnb]lv of] !! jif{ cjlwdf em08} k7fpg] sfd Dofgkfj/ Ph]G6x¿nfO{{
hLjgdf g} cg'ej u/]sf] klxnf] lqm;d; dfu]sf] /x]5 . of] klg d]/f nflu cs}{ lbgnfO{{ s]xL rflxFbg} df ;d]t abn]sf] xfd|fe] Gbf klxn]bl] v g} l;h{˜gf ePsf] !* xhf/ ;b:otf ljt/0f ul/;s]sf] lbOPsf]df nuftf/ lj/f]w ub}{ cfPsf]
lyof] . g]kfndf t Tof] ;dodf lqm;d; ljb]zL efiff l;Sg vf]hs ] f] h:tf] . d}n] h:tf] nfU5 . /x]5 . b]Vg ;Sg' / g;Sg' a'‰g ;Sg' / 5 . zf]lift kLl8t g]kfnLx¿sf] xslxt 5 . / lj/f]w hf/L /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
eg]sf] cfSsn–e'mSsn x]g] { df}sf kfOPsf To;a]nf;Dd hfg]cg';f/ ul/a d'ns ' n] cfkm"n] slNkg ;Sg] hlt ;a} k':tfnfO{{ g;Sg'rflxF clnskl5sf] s'/f] /x]5 . lbgsf / /Iffsf] nflu ;w}F cu| :yfgdf /x]/ 5 . of] ;dfhn] j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf] ;Dk"0f{
lxGbL l;g]dfsf s]xL b[Zox¿df dfq wgL d'ns ' ;Fu cg'bfg dfu]sf] afx]s dfUg] k'uk] l5 afFsL /x]sf] dfq lbg], cfkm"nfO{{ nflu cfkm";uF kmfNt' / pla|Psf] s]xL sfd ub}{ cfPsf] o; ;dfhn] sf]xL klg lhDdf ;/sf/n] lng'kg]{ / Dofgkfjf/
lyof] . lqm;d;;DaGwL ;a} kIfx¿ cfˆgf / lbg]sf] k|ToIf n]gb]g g} lyof] . csf]{ grflxg] dfq lbg], k};f, ;fdfg, v]taf/L e]6g\ ;Sg' / g;Sg'sf] dfq yfngL x'g g]kfnLx¿sf] b'Mv / cfkt–ljkt kbf{ sDkgLx¿ vf/]h ug{'kg]{ dfunfO{{
nflu t gofF lstfasf kfgfx¿h:t} lyP . hGd ;lk|G5 of oxL hGddf klg :ju{ 3/ uf8L, hldg, ;'grfFbL lx/fdf]tL ;do nfu]sf] /x]5 . vf]nf] tg{sf nflu cyf{t sfdbf/x¿sf] c;fdlos lgwg nfuftf/ p7fO/x]sf] 5 . / g]kfn
/ftf]df ;]tf] lsgf/f ePsf] 6'KkL lgl:sPsf] cfˆgf] :yfgsf] lglZrttf / ToxfF k'Ug] cfkmGtnfO{{ 5'6o\ fP/ pla|Pkl5 dfq lbg], Pp6f n¶L, tft] ug{sf nflu Pp6f
h:tf] 6f]kL clg ;]t} lsgf/f ePsf] /ftf] af6f] ;lhNofpg tf]nfbfg, uf}bfg, z}ofbfg ;Gtfg gx'gn ] ] xsjfnfnfO{{ lbg] h:tf cf}nf]bl] v lnP/ d'ns ' 5f]8/] cgGtdf x'bF f pxfFx¿sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] ;/sf/sf] k|wfgdGqL;DdnfO{{ 1fkgkq
sf]6 nufPsf st} dlxnf clg st} k'?ifn] ug{ clg ToxL ck]Iffdf s'g} lgx'F kf/]/ kl/kf6L el/Psf] hAa/ dgl:yltn] lbg' x/fPsf] cfkmGtsf nflu Pp6f ;]tf] vfd, aGbf]j:t ldnfpg] / s'g} klg ;dodf a'emfO;s]sf] 5 . t/ klg o; ljifodf
x/]s bf]sfgsf] cufl8 b'Oj{ 6f vDafsf] a|fDxd0f ef]hg u/fpg', dlGb/df 3G6L eg]sf] ef}lts x:tfGt/0f dfq 7fg]sf] z"Go 3/sf nflu cfx6sf] dw'/f] kbrfk, e}kl/ cfpg] x/ kl/l:yltdf g]kfnLx¿sf] ;'gj' fO{ ePsf] b]lvFbg} . bL3{sfnLg
aLrdf Pp6f ;–;fgf] afN6Lh:tf] efF8f] r9fpg' h:tf bfg rGbfsf w] / } /x]5 . s]xL ;do cufl8 ljZjsf ;a}eGbf cfkmGtsf] xfnva/ af/] cGof]ndf ;a} ;xof]usf nflu Pstfa4 eP/ sfd ¿kdf j}bl] zs /f]huf/LnfO{{ cGTo ug{]
/fv]/ dfG5] leq aflx/ u/] g} lkR5] xfdLn] cj;/x¿sf] k|ToIfbzL{ dfq geP/ s]xL– ;DkGg dflgPsf lan u]6 / kTgL /fd|f] 5 eGg] ;+bz ] sf] Ps 3G6L kmf]gb]lv ul//x]sf] 5 . stf/ g]kfnL Pstf xf] eg] ;/sf/åf/f g} k|jf;Lx¿sf]
dlGb/df cf/lt u/]h:t} 3G6L ahfPsf] s]xL cj;/df To;sf] lx:;f;d]t x'g d]ln08f u]6n] cfkm"x¿sf] k+lStdf c6fpg] kl/eflift x'g ;Sg] lbg' a]Unfa]Un} ;dfhn] ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx¿sf] 5l/P/ /x]sf] k};fnfO{{ Psd':6 agfpFb}
cy{ a'‰g lqm;d;sf] cfudgsf c? ;a} k'us ] f ;+:d/0fx¿sf] tF5f8d5f8 t ;DkGg JolStx¿nfO{{ cfˆgf] ;DklQsf] ;dodf a]Unfa]Un}sf] nflu a]Unfa]Un} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ 7"nf–7"nf snsf/vfgf, pBf]uwGbf /
;+st] eGbf ufx|f] ePsf] lyof] . aQLsf] 5Fbl} yof] t/ o;f] ;lDeFmbf o; k|sf/sf] cfwfeGbf a9L ljZj dfgj lxtsf nflu x'G5 . Pp6f d}gaQLn] xhf/f}F d}gjQL klg ;b}j ;r]t / ;hu u/fpFb} cfPsf] xfO8«f] kfjf/h:tf If]qdf nufgL u/]/
lemlnldlnn] ltxf/sf] ;Demgf lbnfpg], pbf/tfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' cfkm}F ePsf] x'bF f o:tf] rGbf lbgsf nflu ul/Psf] cfXjfgn] afNg ;lsG5, t/ hlt w]/} d}gaQL
nfn'kft] htftt}n] 3/ ufpF ;Demfpg], t cfkm}n F ] cfkmFn
} fO{{ rGbf lbP;/x dfq lbg'sf] Oltxf;sf] gofF ;+:s/0f ePsf] afn] klg Tof] d}gaQLsf] cfo' 36\bg} . t ;j{ljlbtt} 5 . k|jf;df lhGbuL :jb]zd} /f]huf/sf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug{k' g]{
bf]sfgdf lsga]rsf] 3'Or F f], 3/df ;a} lyof] . To:t} 3/df klg w'bF f–w'bF f Kjfn 5 . pgLx¿sf] pSt cfXjfgnfO{{ tLg csf{nfO{{ hlt afF8] klg v'zL slxNo} latfO/x]sf g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf s'/fdf klg of] ;dfhn] af/Daf/ cfÎgf
e]nf x'g] ,:s'n sn]h ,sfof{nox¿ aGb kg{f ufx|fn] lynlynf] ePsf n'uf sk8f bh{geGbf a9L c/a of v/akltx¿n] sd x'bF g} . -uf}td a'4 lbgsf nflu lbbLalxgLx¿nfO{{ klg ;r]t u/fpFb} ljrf/x¿ /fVb} cfPsf] 5 . olb xfdLn]
x'g] cflbn] bz}F ;Demfpg] eP klg Tof] lbgnfO{{ klg To;sf] abnf ls t Ps cg'z/0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ / of] ;+Vofdf cfkm";uF s]xL 5}g x}g, a? cfkm";uF cfkf;L Pstf, efOrf/f / ;b\efj sfod ;/sf/åf/f sfdbf/nfO{{ j}b]lzs
/ftf] ;'6df 9f]sfsf] ;+3f/df a;]/ 3G6L ef/L 3fF;, ls b'O{ lbg afv|f x]l/lbg], ls c? ylkg] ;Defjgf a9\b} /x]sf] 5 . 3/el/ ePsf] s]rflxF csf{nfO{{ lbg ;lsG5 eg]/ ub}{ cfd dhb'/ ju{ tyf Gofok|d] L /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] gLlt ckgfpg] xf]
ahfpg] a'‰g] s'g} klg k[i7e"ld cfkm";uF ;f]x| >f4el/ 3/ lnkkf]t ul/lbg] d"No 5f]/f5f]/L clg lIflthel/ pgLx¿sf] cfkm}nF fO{{ ;f]Wg] u¥of} eg] ;a}eGbf pko'St hgtfx¿nfO{{ gofF / cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] eg] tL ul/aL / a]/f]huf/Ldf k/]/
dlGb/sf] cf/ltafx]s c? lyPg . dlGb/sf yfKg] ul/GYof] . o;nfO{{ ;fdfGo cy{df eljio x'Fbfx'Fb} cfˆgf] ;DklQ ljZj pQ/ cfpg ;S5 . lbg' eg]sf] jf:tjdf nflu ljb]zdf /xFbf klg ;r]t, ;lqmo / ljb]zLsf] rfs8L ug{ hfg] a]nfdf nfvf}F
k'hf/Ln] h:t} t/ lbgel/el/ 3G6 ul/g] ;xof]uL cy{sf] …lbg'Ú eGbf ;:tf] dfgjsf] hLjg pTyfgsf nflu clk{Psf] afFl8g' /x]5 . ef}lts¿kn] afFl8g g;Sbf hfu?s u/fpg of] ;+u7g ;lqmo ¿kdf C0fsf] af]em gkg]{ Uof/]G6L 5 . lsgeg]
ahfpg'sf] cy{ s'g} ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf ljlgdo dfq x'GYof] . ljlgdoljgfsf] lbg' of] pbfx/0fn] cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf k':tf efjgfTds ¿kn] afF l 8g ;Sg]
nflu rGbf ;+sng u/]sf] eGg] a'‰gnfO{{ eg]sf] pla|g' xf] clg pla|g' eg]sf] k':tf;Ddsf] ;'/Iff, ;'v / ;d[l4df Ifdtfh:t} o;/L efjgfTds¿kn] nfluk/]sf] 5 . k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿nfO{{ olb ;/sf/åf/f of] sfd ug]{ xf] eg]
g;'gs ] f] zAb x]g{ l8S;g]/Lsf] ;xfotf w]/h} ;f]sf nflu lIfltheGbf klg kfl/sf] ;+sl' rt clwsf+z dfgj dlit:snfO{{ afFl8Og]x¿ klg slxNo} ;lsFbg} g\ . d'¶L g]kfnsf] lau|bF f] cfGtl/s /fhgLltk|lt le;fafktsf] k};f dhb'/x¿n] ltg{' kb}g{
lnPh:t} :yfgLo 6l/;fsf] ;xfotf lIflth xf] eGg] ljZjf; s'lF bPsf] lbdfusf km/flsg afWo agfPsf] 5 . lbg'sf] of] / d'6' hlt–hlt km/flsFb} hfG5, afFl8g] ;r]t u/fpFb} cfPsf] of] ;dfhn] . vfnL Kn]g l6stafkt / >dafkt
rflxPsf] lyof] . yfxf kfpg' klg s;/L nflu cfkm"n] glrg]sf, gb]vs ] f, kl5 klg k/fsfi6fn] lyof] / t lbP eGg] axfgfn] dfof / efjgf pko'St 7fpFdf laeflht g]kfnh:tf] ax'efifL, ax'hflt ax';:+ s[lt dfq vr{ nfUg] 5 . of] c/ah:tf
lg, kz'kltsf] dlGb/ aflx/ nfd nfu]/ b]Vg] / lrGg] df}sf gkfPsfx¿sf] nflu 6fl9g ;lhnf] eP klg cf–cfˆgf] dgleq x'bF } hfG5 clg /StaLhh:t} efjgf, / ax'wdf{aDjLx¿ ePsf] b]zdf b]zdf yf]/} tnadf sfd ug{ ul/a
a:g]x¿n] clg /Tgkfs{ / gofF ;8ssf] ;do, cy{ / efjgf vlr{g] k/Dk/f;Fu lgofn]/ x]g{ ;a}nfO{{ s/ nufPsf] 5 . ;dj]bgf / dfof cfkm"df ylkFb} ;d]t ;+3Lotfsf] gfdaf6 hftLo /fHo agfpg] ls;fgx¿sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{{ 7"nf] /fxt
lsgf/fdf sk8f lkmFhfP/ a:g]x¿n] cfˆgf cEo:t x' g klg afd] k l5 lxF 8 \ g ] olb ltdL ;ohgfnfO{{ v'jfpg ;St}gf}F hfG5 . s]xL 5}g eg] dfofsf] cfˆgf] / hftLo ljefhg u/fO{ cfk;df n8fO x'g5] . xfdLn] b]vs
] f (% k|ltzt ;d:of
xftx¿nfO{{ tlGsg ;Sg] hlQ tGsfP/ cEof;h:tf] ePsf] lyof] . ;do laTb} eg] PshgfnfO{{ dfq v'jfpm -db/ 6]/; ] f_ c+ufnf], d':sfgsf] pHofnf] cg'xf/,
clg uf]hLdf k};f gePsf] a]nf t o;f] uof], cd]l/sfsf ljleGg efux¿nfO{{ s]xL csf{nfO{{ lbP/ slxNo} sf]xL u/Lj ePsf] cfb/n] em'ss ] f] 6fpsf], s[t1tfn] cf]tk|ft] / sf6fdf/ u/fpg nfu]sf]df klg of] cfly{s;Fu hf]l8Psf] g} kfpg] u/]sf
a'emkrfP/ lxF8g\ klg cK7\of/f] x'g] u/L ;dosf nflu cfˆgf] 7fGg] cj;/x¿ 5}g cfgk|mfof+s lbgsf nflu / s;}sf] dgl:ylt dfq eP klg rGbf lbg] k|0f ;dfhn] va/bf/L ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fy} 5f} . oxfFsf] 7uL t 5Fb5 } . :jb]zaf6
sfgdf u'lGhg] cnfk–lanfk / cfu|xsf klg kfOP, ljB'tLo cflj:sf/n] hLjg hLjg kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu ljnu]6 / dfq klg lbg'sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kl/efiff o:tf] kl/l:ylt cfPdf o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] ljb]zsf] kfOnf /fVg] a]nfd} 7lug'nfO{{
emª\sf/sf] dfq afgL k/]sfdf o;/L r'krfk ;lhnf] eof], ;+;f/nfO{{ rf]O6\ofpg] jf/gakm]6 x'g' kb}g{ /x]5 . ;fFRr} eGbf dfGg ;lsG5 . nflu klg cfˆgf] sfo{stf{x¿nfO{{ k|lzlIft xfdLn] cToGt lgGbgLo 7fg]sf 5f} .
@)^& ;fn k'; $ ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ7
Pdfn]=== slt hfoh xf] < slt ts{;u+ t xf] <
of]eGbf a]OdfgL c? s]xL x'G5 < hgtf
rf]/]/ r9\\bf tyf t]n / dd{t
vr{;d]t k|flws/0faf6 c;'n ubf{
5f]lkg ;Sb}gg\ eGg] s'/fdf sDtLdf
klg s]kLx¿ :k:6 x'gk} 5{ .
tyf lzIfs bf]ifL e]l6P sf/afxL ug{ 7]ufg nufpg csf]{ …w'Gwsf/LÚ kfq
Ao'tF fPsf] eg] k'/f0fx¿df clxn];Dd
;dy{g kfpg, cToGt} qmflGtsf/L s'g} s;/ afFsL g/fVg] k|lta4tf
ca ;qf}F ztfAbLdf 5}gg\, sfnf] tyf sDo'lg:6 eOg] xf] < cyjf la/fdL lj:tf/jfbL tyf ;fd|fHojfbLsf] ;'Gg kfPsf] 5}g . t/, ut xKtf
gf/fx¿ nufpg], hgtfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;]tf] 5'6o\ fpg ;Sg] cj:yfdf g]kfnL ePsf] axfgfdf xKt}lkR5] lbNnL hfFb} u'nfdL tyf bnfnL ub}{, ltgsf] snf] cj:yLn] hgfP . ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L
ljBfnonfO{ k':ts pknAw gu/fO{ emG8}–emG8} ;dfrf/kqx¿n] g} k|>o
;d:ofx¿ xfdLafx]s c?n] ;dfwfg hgtf cfPsf 5g\ . sf] ;xL 5 tyf lbNnLsf] bnfnL tyf u'nfdL ub}{ vfFb} g]kfn tyf g]kfnL lj?4 s'g}
ug{ g;Sg] atfpFb} hgtfsf 3/– cleefjsn] vl/b u/] s f] lan lbP/ …w'Gw'sf/LÚ sf] klg …/fhfÚ g}
sf] unt 5 < s;n] ;xL sfd ub}{ b]zdf a|Dxn'6 ubf{ sDo'lg:6 eOg] xs{t ug]{ clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g . hGdfpg] k|oTg eO;s]sf] . wGg
b}nf]x¿df k'Ug], hgtfnfO{ hfu?s 5 tyf s;n] unt sfd ub}{5 < xf] < ;lGw;Demf}tf tf]8\b} ;]gfetL{ v's'/L tyf v'F8fsf] ;xof]udf lgo'Qm ljBfnodfkm{t ;+sng u/L Psd'i7
agfpg], tyf /fHosf] lj?4df xltof/ s;n] jf:tjdf b]z tyf hgtfsf] ub}{, ef/tdf hfFb} xltof/sf] eLv ul/Psf ef8fsf v] t fnfn] ?kdf gub e'StfgL lbg] Joj:yf g] k fnL hgtfn] csf] { …/fhg] t f
p7fpg] ; Ddsf sfdx¿ g] k fnL kIfdf cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ 5 . dfUb} u/]/ zflGtsfdL eOg] xf] < ck/fwLx¿sf] /Iff ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . u/]sf] 5 . To;}cg';f/ ljBfyL{sf w'Gw'sf/LÚ sf] zf;g ef]Ug' k/]g . cem}
sDo'lg:6x¿n] ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . of] s;n] lj:tf/jfbLsf] :jfy{sf] < km]l/ ;+ljwfg rfxg]n] o:t} xs{t u5{g\ < sfdcg';f/sf] kmn ;a}n] kfpF5g\, cleefjsn] gofF z}lIfs ;qdf cfÎgf of] k+lStsf/nfO{{ crDd nfu]sf] s'/f]
laGb'df cfO;s]kl5 g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 klg dfcf] j fbLnfO{ ufnL ub} { , slxn] b/af/df bfd r9fP/ 9f]Ub} Tof]eGbf w]/} cfz ug'{ c1fgtf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ gofF k':ts vl/b u/L t ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLn] b]zs} lxt
cfGbf] n gdf ljrng ;' ? ePsf] dfcf]jfbLsf] z/L/ sGofpFb} w"nf] s';L{sf] eLv dfUb}, slxn] lbNbL d"v{tf dfq xf] . sDo'lg:6sf] vf]n e'StfgLsf nflu lan ljBfnodf k]; lrtfpg s]xL eGof] jf n]Vof] eg]
kfOG5 . hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ngdf ptfg{ p8fP/ cfÎgf ck/fwx¿ 9fs5f]k b/af/df uP/ ?Fb}, s/fpFb} s';L{sf] cf]9/] , hgtfsf] gfddf s;–s;n] s]– t'?Gt} …ltdLx¿nfO{{ b]zsf] af/]df
;kmn eP klg clxn];Ddsf] lj/f;t ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ljb]zL bftfn]
ug]{ h'g sfo{df Pdfn]sf] Pp6f v]df eLv dfUb}, xltof/sf] eLv dfUg]x¿ s] u/] s f 5g\ , s;–s;n] slt pknAw u/fPsf] ;xof]u /sdaf6 af]Ng] clwsf/ 5}gÚ eg]/ cfˆgf] dt
eg]sf] tL cfGbf]ngn] k|fKt u/]sf nflu k/]sf] 5, o;n] of] jf Tof] ¿kdf zflGt tyf ;+ljwfgsf kIfw/ x'g\ < a|Dxn'6 u/]sf 5g\, b]z / hgtfsf hfx]/ ug{ tTk/ eOxfNg] hdft ;d]t
;Lldt pknlAw;d]t ;+:yfut ug{ dGqfnon] kf7\ o k' : ts lgMz' N s
;fdGtjfb, k'h F LktL tyf lj:tf/jfbs} Pdfn]eGbf aflx/sfn] t eGg] g} eP, lj?4df uP/ lj:tf/jfbL tyf gjw'Gw'sf/L aGg vf]h]sf] dfq} xf]Og
g;Sg' xf] . g] k fnL sDo' l g:6 ;]jf ul//x]sf] 5 . t/ Pdfn]leq}sfn] ;d]t eGb}5g\ log} ;d|fHojfbLx¿nfO{ v';L kfg{ s;–s;n] ljt/0f ug{ o;/L e'StfgL lbg] Joj:yf
ldnfPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} cj:yLn] ls Tof] klg ljb]zLs} /ut au]sf]
cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo ;d:of g]t[Tjsf] lxhf] ul/j, lgd' v f tyf s]kL tyf ljBfx¿sf sf/0f Pdfn] s]–s:tf s'sT[ ox¿ u/]sf 5g\, s'g
cb'/blz{tf, JolQmjfb, ;Qf tyf clgoldttf /f]Sg Joj;foL / ;~rf/ z/L/, dg / cfTdf af]s/] x's F fbf{;d]t
;j{xf/fsf] d'lQmsf] nflu eGb} ljb|fx] sf] ef/td'vL aGb} 5, lj:tf/jfbsf] xb;Ddsf] u2f/L u/]sf 5g\, ef]ln ;Dk"0f{ k|ToIf–k/f]If ¿kdf w]/h } ;f] p;s}
zlQmsf] r/d df]x cyjf a]OdfgL g} em08f p7fPsf] kf6L{ Pdfn] xf]eGbf bnfn ePsf] 5, qmflGt, tyf To;sf s'/fx¿ hgtfdf cfpFbf h'Qf;Dd kfOG5 dfWodsf] ;xof]u h?/L /x]sf] atfP .
xf] . cGoyf ;f7L ;fnsf] Oltxf; gofF k':tfn] kTofpb}gg\ . pgLx¿n] lglZrt pknlAw;d]t g:6 ub}{ ls ;'nL g} r9\gk' 5{ eGg] s'/f ;f]r/] …;/sf/L ljBfnosf k':ts 5kfO tyf kIfdf b]lvof]eGbf klg km/s kb}{g .
af]ss ] f] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng ;f7L 6'qmf pN6} k| Z g u5{ g \ d] r Lb] l v b]znfO{ eLif0f 7"nf] b'3{6gfdf kfb}{ af]Nbf ;a}sf] enf] xf]nf . ljt/0fdf PSnf}6L lhDd]jf/L kfPsf x'g t o;f] klg xf]nf, g]kfndf
…lah' n LkfgLÚ aRrfnfO{{ lkofpg
aGb} g Yof] . g] k fnL sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of
dxfsfnL;Ddsf Pdfn] g]tfx¿n] olt
l56} s;/L sf7df8f} F d f dxn
5 . lsg eGb}5g\ Pdfn]df hLGbuL
latfPsf lbUuhx¿n] o:tf] <
jfo';j] fsf]=== ;femf / hgs lzIffsf] ahf/Ls/0f
cTofjZos x'g] b"w;d]t gkfOg]
;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmnsf nflu k|lqmof kf/bzL{ gx'bF f kf7\ok':tssf]
eg]sf] Odfgbfl/tfsf] sdL xf] . qmflGt 78\ o fP < s;/L oz, cf/fdsf] lgjf{rgdf k/flht ePsf tyf kf6L{ e'StfgLdf e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf]5,Ú k;ndf kfOg] / w]/h } ;f] g]kfnLnfO{{
tyf kl/jt{gsf sf]7]ukm ug]{x¿df hLGbuL hLpFb5 } g\ < eg]/ k|Zg u5{g\ . dxflwj]zdf ;d]t w'nf] rf6]sfx¿ pkl:yt clVtof/sf ;lrj Tof] clt g} lk| o nfUg] x' F b f,
Odfgbfl/tfsf] v8]/L g} k/]sf] 5 eg], eujtLs'df/ sfˆn]n] a}gf /sd / cj:yLn] eg] . o; jif{ k"jf{~rn /
hg:t/af6 s6]sf] tyf k'FhLjfbdf s;/L / s;sf] andf ;/sf/ tyf dWodf~rn ljsf; If]qdf lghL If]qsf lah'nLkfgLsf] s/fdtn] s]–s] dfq}
s;} g s;}sf] nx}–nx}df nfu]/ nx8sf] ljZjf; ub}{ cs't ;DklQ sdfpg kf6L{df sfo{sf/L aGb}5g\ < o;sf] 5fgljgsf ;DaGwdf clVtof/n] rfF8}
g} 5fgljg k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug{] !^ k|sfzg u[xnfO{ kf7\ok':ts 5kfO ub}g{ x]/ eg]/ ck|ToIf ¿kdf To;sf]
e/df s'g} ;do qmflGtsf/L aGg] tyf nfluk/]sf] kf6L{nfO{ s;/L sDo'lg:6 ;xL pQ/ lbg ;S5g\ s]kL tyf lj1fkg ug{ klg kl5 gk/]sf] xf]nf Û
cfÎgf] :jfy{ k"/f x'gf ;fy ca eGg ldN5 < eg]/ k|Zg u5{g . Pdfn] ljBfx¿n] < kf6L{ s f e| f t[ atfpg'eof] . lgudn] o'/f]kn
] L sDkgL tyf ljt/0fsf] lhDdf lbg]u/L k|lt:kwf{
Po/a;;Fu jfO8a8L ljdfg vl/bsf v'nf ul/P klg d'ns
' e/ g} of] Joj:yf zfob, Ps tL/n] b'O{ lzsf/ ug{
qmflGtsf] cfjZostf 5} g eGb} g]t[Tjn] o:tf k|Zgx¿sf pQ/ lbg] ;+u7gx¿;d]t Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{
qmflGtsf] la;h{ g ug] { nflu ut jif{ g} ? kfFr s/f]8 &# ul/g'kg]{ Joj;foLsf] dfu 5 . vf]hs ] f] xf] ls Û t/ Sofjft ;Dk"0f{
;fx; ug'{k5{ . ;Qf tyf zlQmsf] v's'/L tyf v'F8fsf] ;xfotfn] eP cleofgstf{x¿, h] eP klg oxfFx¿n]
nfv a}gf /sd k7fPsf] lyof] . vl/b
la;h{gjfbLx¿df ;d]t b"/b[l:6 t
lyPg g} , / klg d' V o ;d:of
nflu b/af/sf] rfs8Lb]lv sfFu|];
tyf dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;d]t u7hf]8
klg cfÎgf xg'dfgx¿ lgo'lQm ub}5
o;}af6 k|:6 x'bF g} / s]kL tyf ljBf
{ g\,
k|lqmof ckf/bzL{ ePsf] eGb} ut ljz]if==== km]l/ Ps k6s ;Qf / zlStsf]
jif{ k'; !$ ut] n]vf ;ldltn] vl/b 6'Ëf] nfUg] ljZjf; dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf] b'¿kof]u slt;Dd ug{ ;lsFbf] /x]5
Odfgbfl/tf g} xf] . olb To:tf] x'bF g} Yof] agfpg ;Sg] Pdfn] jf:tjdf s] xf] < u'6 sxfFaf6 ;~rflnt 5, s;sf] 5 . Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf] o;cl3sf]
eg] ef/tdf rf? d'lemdbf/n] rnfPsf] Pdfn] k' F h LjfbL kf6L{ xf] of cfb]zdf gfRb}5g\, s;sf] ;]jf k|lqmof /f]Sg lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] . eg]/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{{ 3fd hlQs}
;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;b:ox?n] lgudn] lgoldt clwj] z gdf ^ cf} F
;z:q ls;fg ljb|f]xsf] l;sf] ub}{ ;j{xf/fjfbL < Pdfn]sf] ceL:6 5f8f ub}{5g\ jf s;sf sfl/Gbf x'g\ < k6s;Ddsf] lgjf{rgaf6 klg gofF 5n{Ë kfl/lbg'eof] . h]xf];,\ b'Oj{ 6f 7"nf
emfkfaf6 ;' ? ul/Psf] zf] i fs, k' F h Ljfb xf] jf hgjfb tyf eg]/ . oL / o:tf ofjt\ s'sfo{x¿n] a}gf /sd lkmtf{ Nofpgsf nflu kxn d';fx¿sf] lvrftfgLn] carflxF d'lSt
ug{ dfu u/]sf lyP . k|wfgdGqL rog x'g g;s]sfn] ca
;fdfGtx¿sf 6fpsf sf6\g] cleofg ;dfhjfb < eGg]s'/f k|:6;Fu eGg cfkm}F k|:6 x'bF g} / sf] xf] sDo'lg:6 kfpg] d]nf] NofP5, clg Pp6f kIfn]
aLrd} t'xfOg] lyPg, / qmflGt xf]Og ;Sg'k5{ . hgtf;Fu Pp6f Jojxf/ cfGbf]ngsf] P]Fh]? < sf] xf] ;j{xf/f jfO{kmfO{n=] == ;f] x L k| l qmof k6s–k6s
bf]xf]¥ofO/xg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo gePsf] csf]{ kIfnfO{{ eg]5, …t}F r"k d} r"k
zflGtk"0f{ kl/j{tg eGb} lxFl8g] lyPg . tyf Pp6f af]nL, lj:tf/jfbL tyf tyf :jfledfg g]kfnLx¿sf] b'Zdg\ < ck/fwdf hf]l8Psf] of] klxnf] 36gf u'kr"k ÛÚ To;}n] ca pNn' ag]sf /
eg] xf]Og . sltko cg';Gwfgstf{n] dfcf]jfbLn] atfPsf] 5 . lgoldt
ca ug'k{ g]{ d'Vo ax; eg]sf] jf:tjdf ;fd|fHojfbLx¿;Fu csf]{ Jojxf/ tyf kf6L{ ;+:yfkg tyf hgcg'df]lbt clwj] z gsf] cGTo;F u } /fdrGb| agfOPsfx¿n] r"k nfUg' k¥of] /] Û
sDo'lg:6 s] xf] < tyf sDo'lg:6 sf] csf]{ af]nL ug]{ åGå r/Lq ToUg}k5{ . g]t[TjnfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb} h;/L of] jfO{kmfO{sf ;+st] / df]afOn kmf]gsf
k|;f/0f j]e dfx'/Lsf] d[To'sf sf/s ePsf] kf} 8 ] n sf] pDd] b jf/L;d] t :jtM To;}n] r"k nfuf},F xflsdx¿sf] lgb]z { g
xf] eGg] xf] . ;fgfltgf JolQmut To;f] ubf{ s]xL nfdf] ;do Pdfn]sf] cfk/flws hTyf cufl8 a9\b} 5, ;dfKt x'g k'us ] f] / ;jf]R{ r cbfntn]
dte]bn] kf6L{af6 aflxl/g] tyf atfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . cGo ljleGg t kfng ug}{ k¥of] . cGTodf, gofF
cl:tTj /xnf cGoyf t];|f] lnËLsf] oxL g} lj:tf/jfbL k|efjsf] bx|f] k|df0f ;d]t s'g} klg kl/0ffd glg:sg] / klqsfdf k|sflzt jzGt/fh s'jF /,
g]tT[ jsf] tLj| dxTjsf+Iffn] csf]{ kf6L{ cl:tTj nfdf] ;do;Dd /xGg eGg] xf] . kf6L{ ;+:yfkgkIf cem} klg cg';Gwfgn] klg jfO{kmfO{sf sf/0f ?vsf]
:jf:Yodf c;/ k/]sf] k|f/lDes cg'dfg s;}n] glhTg] r'gfj gu/fpg cfb]z hf] nfu" kbfy{ b' J o{ ; gLx¿sf]
vf]Ng] jf kf6L{ gLlt tyf cfr/0flj?4 s'/f Pdfn] g]tT[ jn] a'‰of] eg] kmfOb} k"0f{¿kdf ljrlnt geO;s]sf] sf/0f, lbO;s]sfn] ca k|wfgdGqL r'gfjsf
unt sfd ug]{ tyf kf6L{n] sf/jfxL xf]nf . ;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL kf6L{ g]t[Tj Ps xb;Dd b]z / lgsfn]sf 5g\ t/ ;a}sf] ;"Id cWoog k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL sfo{df ;lqmo 5g\,
eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . nflu lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/]/ gofF pgsf] n]vsf] Ps 6'qmf ;fef/ ub},{ of]
u/]kl5 Tof] ;xg g;sL kf6L{af6 zlQmsf] bnfnL tyf u'nfdLn] Pdfn]n] hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL ePsf sf/0f k|lqmof yfNg'sf] ljsNk g/x]sf] ;d]t
k+lStsf/ klg r"k nfUb5 . pgsf]
knfog x'g] tyf s]xL ;do kl5 km]/l
s]xL eQm tof/ ub}{ csf]{ kf6L{sf]
c? s]xL cfOPglhcf] tyf Pglhcf]
xftkfnf{, sf7df8f}d F f c? s]xL dxn
k|fKt ;Lldt pknlAw ;+:yfut
ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf ePsf sf/0f
lx6/=== dfcf]jfbLn] atfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL
egfO{ oxfF h:tfsf] t:t} ptfl/Psf]
kl//x]sf] 5 . cToGt nrstfsf ;fy cufl8
:yfkgf ug]{ / ljutdf cfk"m /xFbf;Dd 7l8Pnfg\ t/ Pdfn]sf] cfo' a9\\b}g tyf lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/nfO{ k"/fk"/ al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg sfFu|];, 5– æxfn kf/;af6 ePsf] 36gf
;Dk"0f{ u'0fn] el/k"0f{ elgPsf] kf6L{sf] a? 36\ 5 . dxn tyf kh] / f] ;dy{g gu/]s} sf/0f ;+:yfkg kIfnfO{ ?s'ddf xfn :ofk'{ hnljB't\ lgof] l ht / lgotjzeGbf klg
pTkfbg s]Gb|af6 @ ;o %) lsnf]jf6 Pdfn] n ] cfˆgf] k' / fgf] rl/qdf
lj?4df ljif adg ;'? ug]{ cyjf ;+ : s[ l tdf Pdfn] 8' A g' e Gbf cNkdtdf kfg] { of] h gfcg' ; f/, kl/jt{ g gu/] d' n ' s df 7" n f] kl/l:ylthGo a9L b] l vG5 . of]
To;df untafx]s s]xL 5}g eGb} cufl8;Dd Ps xb;Dd Pdfn]nfO{ ;+:yfkg kIfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] ljB't\ pTkfbg eO/x]sf] 5 . oxL ljB't\
pTkfbg s]Gb|n] ;b/d'sfd vn+uf, cfGbf]ngsf] cfFwLa]x/L l;h{gf x'g] kl/l:yltdf pgnfO{{ k'¥ofpg] k|dv '
hgtf e8\sfpg]x¿sf] s'/f clxn] hgtfn] ljZjf; u/] s } x' g \ , p2]Zosf ;fy of] jf Tof] ¿kdf hfgsf/x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . lhDd]jf/ g} 8«U; xf] . To;}n] h;/L
gu/f}F . tL jf:tjdf s'g} kf6L{ xf]Ogg\, hlta]nf;Dd Pdfn] g]tfx¿ sl/a– o'ykmf];{ xf];\ jf :jljo' g]tT[ j xf]; af"kmLsf]6 / ?s'dsf]6sf s/La cf7
s'g} gLlt, nIo, Wo]o tyf p2]Zo sl/a ;j{xf/fs} cj:yfdf lyP, t/ htftt} ef/tLoeQmsf cf1fsf/Lx¿ xhf/eGbf a9L u|fxsnfO{{ pHofnf] kf/;===
lSns–lSns kfg{ yfNg'eof] . d uf]nL
g;fdf /x] s f] dflg;n] u/] s f
gePsf kL8f yk s'07fu|:t dfgjx¿ lbO/x] s f] 5 . ?s' d sf pBf] u L uNtLx¿nfO{{ xfdL Hofb} ;+jb] gzLn
clxn] l:ylt km]l/Psf] 5, Pdfn] lgo'lQm eO/x]sf 5g\ . ck/fw g} gePsf] aGb'ssf] cfjfh lrG5' .
x'g\ h;n] Tof] s'07f cf]sNg]afx]s g]tT[ jdf sf7df8f}dF f dxn tyf kh]/f] ck/fwsf] kxf8 v8f u/]sfx¿n], Joj;foLx¿n] eg] aQL clgoldt ¿kdf lnFbg} f},F To;}u/L o; cj:yfdf
c? s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . gx'g]x¿ cf}Fnfdf uGg ;lsg] 5g\ . u2f/L g} u2f/Lsf] sLlt{ d fgL ePsf] eGb} lgoldt aQLsf] dfu dnfO{{ yfxf lyof], pxfF;Fu aGb's 5 kf/;k|lt cfqmfds xf]Og, bofefj
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgeGbf s;/L u5{g\, hgtfn] ljZjf; < agfPsfx¿n], gLlt, l;4fGt tyf ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] clgoldt eGg] .Æ ca b'j} d';fx¿sf] st{'t b]vfpg' Gofof]lrt x'G5 . === To;}n]
cufl8sf] cj:yf;Dd cfk"mnfO{ b]zs} Pdfn]sf] /fhgLlt s] /x]5, s]sf] l;Ëf] ju{ g} abn]sfx¿n], b]z tyf aQLn] ubf{ cfˆgf] Jofkf/ Joj;fodf p:t}–p:t} emNsfpg] o:tf] l:yltdf d]/f] ljrf/df clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf
7"nf] tyf ;Rrf sDo'lg:6 bfaL ug]{ lglDt /fhgLlt u/]sf] /x]5g\, clxn] hgtfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL l;nf}6fdf ;d:of ePsfn] lgoldt aQLsf] dfu Pp6f d';f]nfO{{ dfq} s;/L bf]if lbg kf/;af6 ePsf] nfkaf{xL jf ck/fw
Pdfn] clxn] rf}tkmL{ z+sfsf] 3]/fdf s] ub}{ 5g\ eGg] s'/f hgtfnfO{ yfxf /fv]/ lj:tf/jfbL nf]xf]/fn] k]n]/ u/]sf x'g\ . ldN5 < g] k fnsf] 7" n } b} l gsdf g;fsf] ;'/df lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg]
kb} { 5 , ;+ l jwfg;efsf] lgjf{ r sf]
kl/0ffdkl5 dl/r cfÎg} /fusf] sf/0f
gxf]nf / km]l/ Pdfn]nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{ < cfÎgf] k]6 eg]x{ ¿n] c?nfO{ tyfgfd kf7\ok':tssf]=== k|sflzt Tof] cGtjf{tf{ /fhg}lts cj:yfdf ePsf] xf] eg]/ xfdLn]
hGdFb} uNtLn] g]kfndf hGd]sf s]kL geg]s} /fd|f] . jf:tljstf t s] xf] rZdf gnufO{sg sfg'gL kIfaf6 a'lemlbg'k5{ . uf]nL rnfP/ cd]l/sfsf
rfpl/G5 eg]em}F Pdfn] lbgfg'lbg jnL tyf >Ldfg\sf] nufgLsf] Aofh eg] s]kL tyf ljBfx¿n] g]skf Pdfn] ldn]dtf]df To; lsl;dsf] clgoldtf
ePsf] xf] eg] clVtof/nfO{ 5fglag ulxl/P/ s] n fpg] xf] eg] slt /fi6«kltsf] xTof ug]{ ck/fwLnfO{{ ;d]t
rfpl/Fb} 5 . o;/L lvOFb} tyf ;lsFb} vfg cfPsL ljBf e08f/Lx¿sf eGg] x} l ;ot g} u' d fO;s] . ljjfbf:kbk" 0 f{ 5 eGg] tYo cbfntn] ;hfo glbO{ kl/l:ylt
hfg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f vf]Hg' tyf tL cfjfh cfhef]ln lgs} rsf{ ;'lgG5g\ . lj:tf/jfbLsf sfk/Gbf tyf ug{ nufpg ;lsG5,Ú pgn] eg] .
sf/0faf6 kf7 l;Sb} ljutsf uNtL kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf k|d'v sfg'ga]Qfx¿nfO{{ kSs} klg yfxf cWoog ug{ nufPsf 36gf 5g\ .
lgEg] a]nfsf] aQL rDs]em}F logLx¿sf] bnfnx¿n] g]kfnsf] gfd lng] s'g} xf]nf . b'nf]leq l5g{ yfn]sf] d';f]sf] kf/;nfO{{ clxn]sf] b'Jojxf/sf nflu
gbf]xf]¥ofpg' kg]d{ f Pdfn]–dfcf]jfbLsf] rDsfO klg lgs} rsf]{ 5 . dfcf]jfbL clwsf/ 5}g, eg] k'h F Ljfb tyf 5f8f lrqk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] kf7\ok':tssf]
8fxf, O{iof{ tyf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ufnL e' S tfgLdf lzIffsf sd{ r f/L / pkb|f] t ;j{JofkL g} 5, To; af/]df sf/afxL g} ug{ x'bF g} eGg] dfG5] xf]Og .
bfx|f tyf gª\uf| n'sfP/ cfqmd0f u5{ ax' n jfbsf el/ofx¿n] slyt
ub}{ ToxL cfTd/ltdf /dfpFb} 5 . /], dfcf]jfbL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] sDo'lg:6sf] /6gf nufO/xg'df s'g} lzIfssf] ldn]dtf]df clgoldttf x'g] s;}sf] b'O{dt g} 5}g . h;/L t/, d]/f] clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejn] oxL
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;zQm pkl:yltnfO{ P]Fh]? /], dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f t's 5}g . To;sf/0f of] u2f/L u/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfP . …t/, ;a} k'/f0fx¿df …w'Gw'sf/LÚ kfqsf] l;h{gf eG5, pgnfO{{ h]ng]nsf] ;hfoeGbf klg
;xh ¿kdf krfpg g;Sg' , rfx]sf] 5}g /], cflb . nfh, 3Lg tyf cljnDj aGb ug' { k 5{ . g] k fnL sd{ r f/L clgoldttfdf ;+ n Ug ePsf] 5 / p;sf] ab\dfzLsf] cGTo g;fn' rLhj:t'af6 6f9f /fVg pkrf/
dfcf]jfbLsf ;sf/fTds kIfx¿;d]t Odfg gePsf a]>d tyf g]kfn hgtfx¿n] Jojxf/ x]/]sf 5g\, st} x'Fb}g t/ o;f] eGb}df p;nfO{{ tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf] h?/t 5 .Æ
x' F b } g g\ , Ú pgn] eg] . clxn]
k5\ofpg g;Sg' tyf dfcf]jfbLsf]
aaf{bLdf cfÎgf] hLjg b]Vg' g} Pdfn]
;lsg'sf] sf/0f xf] . gfdsf] cufl8
cfdfsf b'Zdgx¿ cfsfzlt/ kms]{/
y'Sbf cfÎg} cg'xf/el/ k5{ eGg]
;d]t ;f]Rg ;Sb}gg\ . Oltxf;sf] s'g}
s]kLx¿ h:tf a]Odfgx¿sf kmfNt'
asaf; ;'Gg] tyf ljZjf; ug]{ dflg;
e]6g\ ca ufx|} k5{ . Oltxf;sf] Aofh
clgoldttfdf ;+nUg bf]ifL sd{rf/L
tyf lzIfsnfO{ sf/afxL ug{;Sg] n]v, /rgf;DaGwL ;"rgf
sDo'lg:6 nufpFbd } f sf]xL sDo'lg:6 sfnv08df ;Fu} Pp6} sld6Ldf /x]/ vfg] ;do of] xf]Og . Oltxf;df s'g} ;+oGq g/x]sf] b]jsf]6fn] atfP . o; ;fKtflxsdf k|sfzgfy{ ;flxlTos ;fdu|L /
x'Fb}g, sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ aGg Pp6f ;+ u 7gsf] sfd u/] s f 8Ls] G b| ;do xfdL klg qmflGtsf/L lyof}F, lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f=
lglZrt nIo, Wo]o tyf p2]Zo njb]j cj:yLn] ljBfnon] tof/ /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s,
/fha+zLnfO{ e'ml08P/ dg{ afWo kfg]{ xfdLn] klg b]z tyf hgtfsf] kIfdf
x'gk' 5{ . :jtGqtfsf] lglDt, hgtfsf] s]kL s'g sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f ;+3if{ u/]sf lyof}F, gf} dlxgf ;/sf/ u/]sf] tYof+ssf cfwf/df lzIff k'/ftflTjs, dgf]/~hg, v]ns'bnufot;Tu ;DalGwt
d'lQm tyf ;dfgtfsf] lglDt ;+3if{ ub}{5g\ < slt gLr tyf 3l6of rnfpFbf xfdLn] of] u/]sf lyof}F jf sfof{nodfkm{t\ ut jif{ ! ca{ $* /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o dxTjsf n]v, /rgf Pj+ /fli6«o tyf
tyf alnbfgL ug]{ ;fx; ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . Jojxf/ logn] u/] xf]nfg\ 8Ls]Gb|sf Tof] u/]sf lyof}F eg]/ tL syf ;'gfP/ s/f]8 ?k}ofF lgsf;f ePsf] :ki6
ul/a, lgd'vf tyf ;j{xf/fju{sf] 5f]/f;d]t dg{ afWo eP, s:tf] vfg] hdfgf of] xf]Og . gf}F dlxg] kf/] . of] /sddf clgoldtf ePsf]
:yfgLo dxTjsf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L / tl:j/x¿ pknAw
g]tT[ j ul/Fb} 5 of tL hgtfsf] gfddf sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f ub}{5g\ zf;gsfndf Pdfn]n] s]xL ;sf/fTds af/] cfk"mnfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf] :ki6 u/fO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g ;DalGwt ;a}df cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
vfnL Aofh vfFb} al;Psf] 5 eGg] logn] < ;Fu} sfd u/]sf ;xsdL{nfO{ sfo{ cjZo u/]sf] lyof], t/ clxn]
s'/fsf] x]Ssf /fVg ;Sg'k5{ . k'h F Lklt
kfb}{ pgn] 5fglag ul/g] atfP . k|fKt ;dfrf/ / /rgfx¿ k|sflzt ug]÷ { gug]{ ;Dk"0f{
t]/f] 5f]/f]nfO{ d]/f] 3/df gf]s/ /flvb] Pdfn]df g t Tof] ;dosf] gLlt 5, …;/sf/L ljBfnodf cWoog/t
ju{sf] bz{g tyf l;4fGtsf] ef/L af]Sb} eGg ;Sg] s]kL jnL sDo'lg:6 xf] < g t Tof] ;dosf] kf6L{ g]tT[ j 5, g clwsf/ ;Dkfbsdf lgxLt x'g]5 . k|sflzt gePsf
cyjf 5f8f k'h F Ljfbsf] ceL:6 af]s/] ljBfyL{n] sIff pQL0f{ u/]kZrft\ lkmtf{
dfcf]jfbL klg s]kL h:t} eOlbg'kg]{ < t Tof] a]nfsf] ;/sf/ k|d'v 5, g t u/]sf k'/fgf k':ts gofF ljBfyL{nfO{ ;fdu|Lx¿ lkmtf{ gul/g] ePsfn] cfk"m;Fu d"nk|lt /fv]/
sDo'lg:6 eOG5 ls eOFb}g eGg] ltqfsf] d'v} a}/L eg] h:tf] d'vdf of] Pdfn] g} Tof] a]nfsf] xf] . :d/0f
r]tgf knfpg h?/L x'G5 . k'FhLjfb cfPe/sf] af]Nb}df sDo'lg:6 eOg] /xf];\ clxn]sf AjfF;fx¿sf] xftdf ljt/0f ub}{ gofFsf] lan agfpFbf dfq k7fpg'xf]nf .
tyf 5f8f ax'njfb af]s]/ lxF8\g], xf] < gLlt, l;4fGt dfq xf]Og ju{ g} Tolta]nfsf] Pdfn] x'GYof] eg] ;fob e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf] tYo ljqm]tfaf6
ul/a, lgd' v f, ;j{ x f/f tyf
>ldsx¿nfO{ ;n{Ss dfuLvfg] efF8f]
kl/jt{g u/]sf u2f/x¿n] cem}
cfk"mnfO{ sDo'lg:6 eGb} c?nfO{
clxn] Pdfn] Oltxf; eO;SYof] .
To;sf/0f k' v f{ n ] u/] s f s] x L
cfPsf] 5,Ú pgn] eg], …To;sf nflu
;+oGq agfP lgoGq0f ug{ d tof/
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs
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b]vfP/ hgtf t;f{P/ hLt]sf] xf] eGg' xf] < of k|flws/0fsf uf8L /ftf/ft lgsDdf bnfnx¿sf ck/fwx¿ e'StfgL k|lqmofdf lzIffsf sd{rf/L E-mail : [email protected]
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sfnLdf6Ldf hlGdPsf r'8fdl0f a]naf;]
cToGt} d]xg]tL o'jf x'g\ . xfn pgn] 7f8f uflj;sf] u'/F f;] 8fF8fdf k'us ] f] dlxgf;Dd dfl;s ;'Vvf cf7 ;o l/Ë]6df
% xhf/ Pe/]hdf a]r] klg ?= @ nfv
%) xhf/ sdfpg ;lsPnf Ú. ufFpn]n] £o" a]Rg] / t/af/ a]Rg] kf/; / ?a]n
cfˆgf] 3/eGbf b'O{ 306f 6f9f 3g3f]/ lyof] . hxfF a]naf;]n] afv|f kfng hflu/ u/]F . k|To]s dlxgfdf vr{ s6fP/ h] eg] klg cfˆgf] nIo ufpFdf afFlemPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf £o" a]Rg] / t/af/ a]Rg]sf] nf]ssyf k|rlnt 5 . b'j} 5§' / w't{
h+undf Ps ;o $ j6f afv|fkfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] 3g3f]/ h+undf ?= * xhf/ arfP klg ToxfFaf6 hldgnfO{ ;b'kof]u ub}{ cfkm}Fdf ePdf ltgLx¿nfO{ o;n] syfdf ;d]l6G5 . o;df b'j} 5§'x¿sf] lgot unt x'G5 .
u/]sf 5g\ . hxfF k'Ugsf] nflu ;lGwvs{ afv|f kfNg] hf]lvd lsg p7fpg' eof] efUg'k¥of] .Æ u}/sfg'gL ta/jf6 sfd cfTdlge{/ aGg] rfxgf pgLdf /x]sf] 5 . unt sfd ubf{ ltgLx¿ gflËg], ktg x'g] cyjf hgtfsf] cfFvfdf lt/:s[t x'g]
;b/d'sfdaf6 & 306f k}bn ofqf t eGbf pgL cfˆgf] lautnfO{ km// ug{x] ?nfO{ dn]l;ofsf] k|x/Ln] kqmfp ub}5{ Æ c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf] l;åf/f / l;dnkfgL ub{5g\ . xfn;fn} lrtjgsf] 6fO{u/ 6K; l/;f]6d{ f To:t} £o" a]Rg] / t/af/ a]Rg]sf]
ug{k' b{5 . pgL a;]sf] 7fpFdf oftfoftsf eGb} hfG5g\ . o;}qmddf pgL c3f{vfFrL eGg] ;'OsF f] kfPsf oL a]naf;] :ofªhfsf] uflj;df klg rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] nfnLu'/F f; hDsfe]6 x'bF f clxn] b]zn] cgfjZossf] emGem6 Joxf]g{ k'us ] f] 5 . k"j{ o'j/fh kf/; /
s'g} klg ;fwg k'Ug ;Sb}gg\ . jl/kl/ lhNnfsf] l;åf/f uflj;df hlGdPsf Pshgf bnfn ;dIf k'uL g]kfn kms{gsf] afv|fkfng zfvf lj:tf/ ug]{ nIo pgn] jxfnjfnf k//fi6«dGqL tyf g]kfnL sfFu;] | sL g]tf ;'hftf sf]O/fnfsf HjfOF ?a]n
hËn 5 / ufpFdf k'Ug sl/a Ps df]tL e§/fO{sf] ;Dks{df k'Ub5g\ . nflu ?= *) xhf/ a'emfPF . ?= *) /fv]sf 5g\ . ljb]zLe"ldsf y'k}| kL8f rf}w/LaLr /S;L vfFbf ePsf] emu8f / ;'?df pgLx¿sf klqsfdf lg:s]sf aofg /
306f k}bn ofqf ug{k' b{5 . Ps dlxgf pg}sf] ;Nnfxdf dn]l;of hfgsf] nflu xhf/ a'em]sf] bnfnn] lagf emGem6 pgsf ef]us] f sf/0f pgL ca s;}n] ?= Ps clxn] clGtd ;Dddf k|x/L / l;l8cf];dIf lbPsf aofgx¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg]
cufl8b]lv afv|fkfng Joj;fo ;'? ;' g sf] z L d] g kfj/ cgfdgu/ sfuhkq ldnfOlbof] . To;kl5 ?= () nfv tna lbG5' eg] klg ljb]z ghfg] £o" a]rj' f / t/af/ a]rj' feGbf km/s kb}g{ . k"jo{ j' /fh kf/;sf] ljut x]bf{ /fd|f] 5lj
u/]sf a]naf;]nfO{ s;}sf] ;xof]u 5}g . sf7df8f}dF f uPF / kfgL hxfhdf dfl;s xhf/ ;fk6 vf]hL pgL g]kfn kmls{P . bl/nf] ;f]r agfPsf 5g\ . b]lvFbg} . jL/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgfz gePsf] eP pgL zfxHofbfaf6 x6fO;lsGYof] ls xNnf
xKtf÷bz lbgdf /f;g kfgL ;lsPkl5 ?= @),))) rf]vf] sdfOg] ;t{df ?= g]kfn kmls{Pkl5 cfˆgf] k};f lgsfNg] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf dnfO{ uf]7fnf] Toltv]/ rn]s} lyof] . k|jL0f u'?ªb]lv l8:sf] / 8fG; af/df ePsf uf]nL k|s/0fb]lv
pgL b'O{ 306f k}bn lxF8L 3/df k'Ub5g\ . !,@),))) a'emfO dn]l;of uPsf] k|of;df c;kmn ag] . a]naf;]n] ufpFsf eGg]x? Ps lbg d]/} k|z;+ f ug]{ 5g\ s'6lk6 cflbsf s'/fx¿ pgLpk/ nfu]sf bfu x'g\ . @)^!.^@ sf] hgcfGbf]ngn]
pgsf] 3/ cToGt} /fd|f] clg df]6/af6f]sf] lyPF . dn]l;of hf]/af?sf] cfo'la? eGg] kfFr o'jfx?;Fu df]rf{ agfP/ lhNnf lsgls d]/f] d]xgtn] dnfO{ ;kmntfsf] lgnlDat /fhtGq ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7ssf] lg0f{okZrft\ @$) jif]{ of] zfxj+zsf]
;'ljwf 5 . t/ ufFpn]x? pgnfO{ 7fpFdf tLg dlxgf;Dd t]n sDkgLdf kz';j] f sfof{no ;lGwvs{sf nfnLu'/fF; s]Gb|laGb'df k'¥ofpg] 5 . dfl;s ?= !)– zf;g ;bfsf] nflu ljbfaf/L eO{ u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 k"jo{ j' /fh slxn] l;Ëfk'/,
b]Vgf;fy uf]7fn] cfof] eGb5g\ / pgsf] sfd ubf{ ?= #),))) arfpg ;kmn afv|fkfng ;d"x btf{ u/L cfˆgf] Joj;fo !% xhf/ tnasf] nflu ljb]zdf uP/ slxn] g]kfndf a:g] u/]sf] / cfˆgf] k'/fgf cfbt, afgL, Joxf]/fdf ;'wf/ ePh:tf]
>LdtL klg ;Gtf]if b]lvOgg\ lsgls ag] To;kl5 8\op ' 6L ;¥of] . rf/ ;'? u/]F . pgsf] afa' afh]sf] @)–@@ b'Mv kfpg'eGbf cfˆg} b]zdf d]xgt ug]{ dx;'; g]kfnL hgtfn] u/]s} lyP . cem kl5Nnf] cjlwdf ljleGg wfld{s Pj+
c?sf >Ldfg\ ;x/, ljb]zdf 5g\ t/ dlxgf;Dd cfk"mn] klxnf arfPsf] #) /f]kgL hldg of] 7fpFdf afFlemPsf] /x]5 . xf] eg] ;kmn aGg ;lsg] s'/fdf pgL ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf hfFbf pgLn] lbPsf cleJolQmn] rf;f] a9fpg] klg ub{Yof] .
r'8fdl0f a]naf;] 3g3f]/ h+undf xhf/ / ;fk6L dfWodaf6 afFRg ;kmn afFlemPsf] hldgdf a]naf;]n] nfdf] uf]7 9'Ss 5g\ . ljb]zdf h:tf];s ' } sfd ug{ 36gf 36]sf] t];f| ] lbg dfq of] k|s/0f ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 o;n] klg ahf/ kfof], rrf{
afv|fkfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . s]xL lbg ePF . sf/0f xKtfdf Ps lbg dfq pgsf] agfP / ufpFdf uO{ afv|f vl/b u/L klg tof/ x'g] xfd|f] dfgl;stfaf6 dfly kfof] . n'ss ] f w]/} s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\, x'bF } ug]{ 5g\ .
cufl8 xfd|f k|ltlglwn] ;'Os F f] kfpgf 8\o6" L nfUbYof] . 8\o6" L gnfu]sf] lbg Joj;fonfO{ cufl8 a9fPF . xfn;Dd !)$ p7]/ cfˆgf] ul/vfg] r'8fdl0f h:tfsf k|:t't 36gfsf csf{ kq ?a]n rf}w/Lsf] klqsfdf k|sflzt cGt/jftf{ x]bf{
;fy ;lGwvs{ ;b/d'sfdaf6 & 306f tna kfpFbg} y] . b'v} b'Mvdf ;ft dlxgf j6f afv|fkfng ul//x]sf a]naf;] cfˆgf] lxDdtnfO{ xfdLn] lv;L gu/L k|fT] ;flxt kf/;sf cufl8 lg/Lx kfq aGg] sf]l;; ub}{ xftxltof/af/]df s]xL hfGg] /
k}bn ofqfdf pgL a;]sf] 7fpF cyf{t\ latfPkl5 u}/sfg'gL 9Ën] cf7 Joj;fodf ;Gtf]if b]lvG5g\ / eGb5g\ ug'{ g} dfgj efjgfsf] ;Ddfg x'g5 ] . aËnfb]zsf k|wfgdGqL / /fi6«klt;Dd hfg klxrfg ePsf] JolQmsf] ¿kdf ;d]t

k~rf;]df ko{6ssf] cf]O/f]

b]vfpg] sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf] arfpdf pq]sf] sfFu;]| kf6L{ / ;'hftfsf]
bafakl5 @–# lbgkl5 dfq lsg / s;/L of] ljjfb ;fj{hlgs eof] xNnfvNnf
eof] a'‰g g;s]sf] olt dfq xf] . kf/;n] rf}w/LnfO{ wDsfPs} ef]ln laxfg jf To;}
/flt pgnfO{ kqmfp ug{ lsg k|x/L k|zf;g nfu]g < s'g} hfgsf/L gePsf] hfgsf/L
;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!! nfO{{ g]kfn xf]d:6]sf] ;d]t ;'ljwf 5 . ko{6sx¿ ;~rfnsx¿n] atfP . oxfF ljleGg lzj/fqL, afnfrt'b{zL, df3] lbg] k'ln; k|zf;g cyjf JolQmut em}emu8f ;Dem]sf] of] ljjfb lsg rrf{df cfof]
ko{6g jif{sf ¿kdf dgfpFb} ubf{ ;"of{]bo;Fu} lxdfnsf] dgdf]xs b[Zo If]q cjnf]sgsf nflu Eo" 6fj/;d]t ;+qmflGt, gjjif{ xl/af]wgL PsfbzL, of] klg /x:od} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ?a]n aËnfb]zL eP klg pgsL >LdtL jf pgsf
kj{t, sf:sL / :ofª\hfsf] l;dfgfdf x]gs{ f nflu cl3Nn} lbg xf]d:6] ePsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} klg vf]nf k"l0f{dfnufot ljleGg kj{x¿df ldqx¿n] k'ln;df ufnLa]OHhtL ug]{ jf Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbg]lj?4df af]Ng g;sL
/x]sf] k|l;4 wfld{s Pj+ ko{6sLo:yn 7fpFdf uP/ af; a:g] / csf]{ lbg jf d'xfgljgfsf] tfn of] If]qsf] d'Vo eSthgx¿sf] 3'Or F f] nfU5 . xf]6n, s§'df lsg 5]g{ k'u] o;sf] k':6\ofOF eljiodf xf]nf g} . lgod, sfg'gsf] kfngf ug{,
k~rf;] ;xL uGtJo x'g ;S5 . kj{t, laxfg ;a]/} p7]/ 8fF8fdf k'U5g\ . cfsif{0f x'g\ . o; If]qdf k'/fgf / Joj;fo kof{Kt dfqfdf gePsf] / u/fpg lsg g]kfnL k'ln; k|zf;g hfu?s x'g ;s]g of] klg yk cfZro{ dfGg}
sf:sL / :ofª\hfsf] ;+ud:yndf clwsf+z cfGtl/s / s]xL dfqdf P]ltxfl;s dlGb/x¿ klg 5g\ . ko{6snfO{{ ;]jf;'ljwf lbg] p2]Zosf kb{5 . o;n] s] kf7 k9fPsf] 5 eg] ;f; dGqL ePdf dfq s]xL x'G5 gx'gn] ] s]xL
cjl:yt of] :yfg k| f s[ l ts afXo ko{6s sf:sLsf] l;wfg];Dd tfndf s'g} kft v:of] ls xfjfn] ;fy Joj;fo lj:tf/ u/L w]/}sf] ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] klg ultnf] kf7 k9fPsf] 5 . xf] rfx]/ grfx]/ u0ftGq 3f]if0ffdf
;f}Gbo{tf;Fu} wfld{s Pj+ P]ltxfl;s uf8L l/he{ u/]/ cfpg] / Toxf"af6 plt a]n} lsgf/df k'¥ofOlbg] oxfFsf] ;+Vofdf ko{6s leq\ofpg] cleofgsf] lul/hfk|;fb sf] e"ldsfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsFbg} . u0ftGq 3f]if0ffsf] clGtd
ko{6gsf nflu k|l;4 5 . kj{t dgf]/d b[Zo lgofNb} k}bn ofqfdfkm{t\ tfnsf af/]df dlg;x¿sf] ljZjf; ;'?jft eO/x]sf] :yfgLo dgf]h u'?ªn] If0f;Dd b/af/n] cfz u/]sf] 7"nf] zlQm g]kfnL sfFu;]| s} lyof] / To;df klg
;b/d'sfdb]lv /fHhf cyjf lrq], k~rf;] k'Ug] u/]sf] k~rf;] If]q ljsf; klg cem} /f]rs 5 . % xhf/ % ;o atfP . ;a} vfn] ;]jf–;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf sf]O/fnf kl/jf/ g} lyof] . kl/l:ylt jftfj/0f / ;don] ;fy lbPg /fhtGqnfO{
sf:sLaf6 gf}8fF8f x'Fb} ebf}/], l;wfg] ;ldltsf cWoIf uf]kfn u'?ªn] x]S6/ If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] k~rf;]sf] u/]/ nfvf}F ;+Vofdf ko{6s leq\ofpg] y]Ug . a]aL ls /fhfnfO{ :k]z lbg] h:tf cleJolQm a]nf–s'an] f gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ .
uflj; / :ofªhfaf6 afªl;+u / atfP . …k~rf;]af6 nf]enfUbf dgf]/d hËndf Ps ;o !@ yl/sf ;'gfv/L tof/L ;ldltn] u/]sf] 5 . k~rf;] t/, To;n] Tolt dxTj kfPgg\ . o;/L g]kfnL hgtfn] u0ftGq lnO{ ;s] . To:tf]
sfpn] x'Fb} k~rf;] k'Ug ;lsG5 . b[Zo x]g{ ko{6ssf] 3'O"rf] nfU5,Ú / ax'd"No hl8a'6L;d]t kfOG5g\ . If]qs} k|rf/–k|;f/ / ko{6sx¿sf] yk cfz u/]sf] zlQmn] wf]sf lbPsf] kf/;n] of pgsf] wf/0ffn] ;f]rs ] f] x'g ;S5 . t/,
k~rf;] sf:sLaf6 #% lsnf]ld6/, cWoIf u'?Ën] eg], …ljutsf jif{eGbf k~rf;] hl8a' 6 Lsf nflu klg cfsif{0fsf nflu :yfgLojf;Lx¿n] Oltxf; a'em]sf]sfn] of] g;f]Rg klg ;S5 . o;df kf/;n] slt a'em]sf 5g\ slt
kj{taf6 #% lsld / :ofª\hfaf6 $) clxn] df} ; d /fd| f ] k/] s fn] kl/lrt 5 . d'Vo ko{6sLo If]q dlGb/ …k~rf;] d]nfÚsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf a'em]sf 5}gg\ . ga'em]sf] eP gfltgL–HjfOF;uF s]xL eg;'g, tLtf]–dL7f] x'g ;S5 .
lsldsf] b"/Ldf k5{ . tLgj6} lhNnf lxdz[v + nfnufot cGo b[Zo;d]t ;kmf / cltlyu[ x /x] s f] :yfgdf 5g\ . sf:sLsf] tdfªL uflj;sf] l;bfg] h'g a'‰g] xf] eg] ;fdfGo xf] .
;b/d'sfdaf6 k}bnofqf u/]/ klg / :ki6 b]lvPsfn] o; k6s oxfF vfg] k fgLsf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ ufpFdf d]nf d+l;/ !^ / !& u/L b'O{ ca /x\of] ljlwsf] zf;gsf] xjfnf lbg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'/f . 36gf 36\bf
pSt :yfgdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . ;a} cfPsf ko{6s Hofb} /dfPsf 5g\ .Ú ko{6sx¿nfO{{ eg] ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] lbg;Dd d]nf ;DkGg eof] . d]nfdf ;/sf/n] yfx} kfPg jf rf;f] lbPg . ha k'ln; k|zf;gnfO{ dflysf] cfb]z cfof],
lhNnfaf6 ;xh ¿kdf oftfoftsf] pgsf cg';f/ ko{6g jif{ ;'? x'g 5 . glhsdf ;|f]t gePsfn] / lgs} :yfgLo pTkfbgx¿sf] k|j4}g ug]{ pgLx¿ h'd/{ ' fP . kLl8tsf] hfx]/Llag} sf/jfxL cl3 a9\of] . xftxltof/, v/vhfgf
klg Joj:yf 5 . ;d'lb| ;txb]lv @ nfu] s fn] k~rf;] d f lbgk| l tlbg prfOdf /x]sfn] klg kfgL ;xh ¿kdf p2]Zosf ;fy 3/]n' pTkfbgsf] k|bz{gL x'bF } Hofg dfg];{ Ddsf rrf{ kl/rrf{ rn] . tfdemfdsf ;fy kf]v/faf6 kf/;nfO{
xhf/ % ;o !& ld6/sf] prfOdf ko{6ssf] cfudgdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . pknAwtf x' g g;s] s f] xf] . ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]hs k~rf;] cfbz{ NofOof] . ;fdfGo gful/s ePsf] eP of] ;a s[To jf gf6s k'ln;n] uYof]{ < zlQm
/x]sf] k~rf;] clxn] klZrdf~rn xf]d:6] ;'ljwfn] ko{6snfO{{ a9L k~rf;];Dd vfg]kfgL lj:tf/sf nflu o'jf Snasf cg';f/ d]nf cjnf]sgsf s]Gb|sf aLrdf jfb, ;+jfb eof] xf]nf b'j} dxfzon] cf–cfˆgf] aofg km]/] . lsgeg]
If]qs} d'Vo ko{6sLo If]q alg/x]sf] cfsif{0f u/]sf] k~rf;] o'jf Snasf sfd eg] ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . ut nflu cfpg] kfx'gfnfO{{ :yfgLo …sfn]–sfn] ldn]/ vfpF efn]Ú eGof] . kf/;sf] ljut /fd|f] lyPg . csf{ ?a]n eg]
5 . 3gf h+un;Fu} ljleGg wfld{s ;+:yfks dgf]h u'?ªn] atfP . …of] jif{bl] v ;'rf? ul/Psf] xf]d:6] ;]jfn] kl/sf/x¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ / cfGtl/s ;'hftfsf HjfOF klg To:t} /x]5g\ . k'ln;n] z+sf:kb lgu/fgLdf /fv]sf] t/
:ynx¿sf ;fy} ;kmf / ;' G b/ jif{ k~rf;]df ut jif{eGbf bf]Aa/sf] oxfF hfg]x¿nfO{{ s]xL ;xh ePsf] tyf afXo ko{6ssf nflu xf]d:6] zlQmsf] cufl8 s]xL ug{ g;s]sf] JolQmnfO{ g]kfnL gful/s Tof] klg k"jo{ j' /fh;Fusf]
k|fs[lts tfn klg oxfF 5 . kl5Nnf] ;+Vofdf cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{6s 5 . rf8af8sf] ;dodf cGo ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . em}emu8fdf sf/jfxL ug'k{ g]{ l:ylt x'bF f k/]sf] cfkb\–ljkb ldnfpg}kg]{ afWotf .
;dodf b} l gs ;of} + s f] ;+ V ofdf cfpg ;Sg] pgsf] cg'dfg 5 . clxn] a]nfeGbf w]/} ko{6s oxfF lelqG5g\ . kj{t, :ofª\hf / sf:sLsf] l;dfgfdf o;/L t}F r'k d} r'ksf] l:yltdf of] s]; ;fd;'d kfl/Fb5 } .
cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{6s 3'Dg :jb]zsf clwsf+z lhNnfsf ;fy} …klxn]–klxn] k|rf/–k|;f/sf] cefj;Fu} kg]{ ko{6sx¿sf] csfif{0fsf] s]Gb| of] k|s/0fn] b]Vg]nfO{ nfh ePsf] 5 . pkk|wfgdGqLsf ljb]zL HjfOF g]kfndf lsg
cfpg] u/] s f 5g\ . oxfF a f6 ljb]zL ko{6ssf] klg plQs} nsf]{ oftfoftsf] c;'ljwfn] lgs} sd eO;s]sf] k~rf;] If]qnfO{{ cem / s;/L al;/x]sf 5g\ csf{sf] b]zdf . pgsf] wGbf z+sf:kb /x]sf] rrf{x¿ ;fj{hlgs
klZrdf~rn If]qsf cGgk"0f{ u0f]z, nfu]sf] u'?ªn] atfP . p;f] t ko{6s cfpFy],Ú k~rf;]df xf]6n ;~rfng ;'ljwf;DkGg agfpgsf nflu lrq] eO/x]sf 5g\ . 6]lnkmf]gsf] nfOg rf]gb{ ] l] v ljleGg 7]Ssfk§fdf pgL ;+nUg ePsf]
wf} n flul/, gLnlul/, cGgk" 0 f{ dfq xf]gg\, z}lIfs e|d0fsf nflu ub}{ cfPsf nf]saxfb'/ u'?ªn] eg], uflj;df ePsf] xf]d:6]nfO{{ yk /x:ox¿ klg ;fj{hlgs x'bF 5} g\, cem slt x'g] x'g\ < of] b]z pgsf] ;;'/fnLsf] latf{
df5fk'R5«n ] ufot Ps bh{geGbf a9L cjnf]sg ug{ cfpg] lzIfs tyf …oftfoftsf] ;'ljwfn] afnaflnsf, k|efjsf/L agfpg nfluPsf] kj{t xf]Og . ljleGg k|s/0fdf :t/Lo¿kdf k|bz{g x'g] ;'hftfn] sdfpwGbfdf cfˆgf 5f]/L–
lxdz[+vnf Ps};fy bVg ;lsG5 . ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof klg k~rf;]df plQs} a" 9 fkfsfnufot ;a} ju{ s f ko{6g k|j4}g s]Gb|sf cWoIf lzj zdf{ HjfOFnfO{ ;+nUg u/fPsL x'g\ eg] ca k'ln; k|zf;gn] dfq xf]Og hg:t/af6 ?a]nsf]
To:t} kj{t, afUn'ª, kf]v/f, kfNkf, 5 . of] If]qdf cTolws hf8f] x'g] ;j{;fwf/0fx¿ cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .Ú kf}8n
] n] atfP . k~rf;] If]qsf] ?6 cfgLafgL / g]kfndf u/]sf] pgsf] untwGbfsf] af/]df 5fglag x'gk} b{5 . olb pgsf]
:ofª\hf, jflnª, tgx'n
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