The Four Branches of Philosophy

1. Logic- the science of correct thinking/reasoning.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) founded the discipline of logic as a system of principles on which all other
knowledge rests. Indeed, logic pertains to all subjects, since people can reason about anything they can
think about. Politics, the arts, literature, business, the sciences, and everyday problems are all subjects
open to reasoning. Sometimes the reasoning is good; sometimes not so good. People use logic to tell the
difference.
Logic is not the study of how people do reason, but how they should reason. We might put this point
differently by saying that logic does not describe the psychology of reasoning, with its flashes of insight
and oversight; it prescribes methods of justifying reasoning, that is, for showing that a given bit of
reasoning is proper. An example of such logical reasoning (deductive logic) is:
All cows are purple. Wilma is a cow. Therefore, Wilma is purple.

2. Ethics- the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment; moral philosophy.

The system or code of morals of a particular person, religion, group, profession, etc. According to this
definition, ethics can be one of two things: it can be something that you study and think about, or it can
be a code that you follow and live by. Of course, in the real world, ethics is often both. Philosophers who
think about ethics usually try to live by an ethical code, while the people who set up a code of ethics
often study and think while they are doing so.
Moral is defined as:

a. relating to, dealing with, or capable of making the distinction between right and wrong in
conduct
b. Relating to, serving to teach, or in accordance with the principles of right and wrong.

3. Epistemology- The study of epistemology focuses on our means for acquiring knowledge and how
we can differentiate between truth and falsehood.

Epistemology is important because it is fundamental to how we think. Without some means of

understanding how we acquire knowledge, how we rely upon our senses, and how we develop
concepts in our minds, we have no coherent path for our thinking. A sound epistemology is necessary
for the existence of sound thinking and reasoning — this is why so much philosophical literature can
involve seemingly arcane discussions about the nature of knowledge. 
Questions Asked in Epistemology:
What can we know?
How can we know it?
Why do we know some things, but not others?
How do we acquire knowledge?
Is knowledge possible?
Can knowledge be certain?
How can we differentiate truth from falsehood?
Why do we believe certain claims and not others?

4. Metaphysics- the study of what is really real. Metaphysics deals with the so-called first principles of
the natural order. Specifically, it seeks to indentify and establish the relationships between the
categories, if any, of the types of existent things. It answers the questions;
1. What kinds of things exist? Do only particular things exist or do general things also exist?
How is existence possible? Questions as to identity and change of objects—are you the
same person you were as a baby? as of yesterday? as of a moment ago?
 2. How do ideas exist if they have no size, shape, or color? (My idea of the Empire State
Building is quite as "small" or as "large" as my idea of a book. I.e., an idea is not
extended in space.) What is space? What is time?
3. E.g., Consider the truths of mathematics: in what manner do geometric figures exist?
Are points, lines, or planes real or not? Of what are they made?
4. What is spirit? or soul? or matter? space? Are they made up of the same sort of "stuff"?
5. When, if ever, are events necessary? Under what conditions are they possible?

Philosophizing vs. Insights

Have you ever thought about something deeply? Is there any event that pushed you to think deeply?
As young as you started asking “why’s” and some other inquiries to our parents, we were involved in the
process of PHILOSOPHIZING. Philosophizing means searching for meaning.
When searching for meaning of things, however, we may find ourselves hearing different opinions on a
certain topic.
Example: A student may think moonlight can mean love and romance, but it has a different meaning to a
fisherman, a painter, a scientist, and the superstitious. “Seeing “ something more than what meets the
eye is called insights.
Activity:
What Is Art?
Have each student draw two pictures. One drawing must be a drawing they would call art, and the other
one they would not call art.
Share them. What makes one art and the other not? Does the intention of the artist matter? The effort?
What other people think?

Different Perspectives Game

This simple exercise encourages students to look at the world in ways they usually don’t. I often use it as
a way to illustrate to students the way in which philosophy encourages us to examine the world from a
variety of perspectives.
I hold up some common everyday household item. (My favorite item to use is a rotary cheese grater, but
I have also used things like an eyeglasses case, a blackboard eraser, a pencil sharpener, and even a
shoe.) The groups are then given 3 minutes to think up and write down everything they can imagine
using the item for—besides its originally intended function. I encourage them to imagine themselves in
different settings: For instance, what could they use the item for if they were out in the wood? If they
were 3 feet tall? If they were an ant? If they lived in prehistoric times? If they were with their siblings?
At the conclusion of the three minutes, we go around the room and students discuss a selection of their
favorite answers. Typically, if appropriate, I will ask them to demonstrate how they would use the item
in the way they have indicated.

Testing your insights and knowing their meanings:

1.) Imagine there're horribly threatening monsters angrily rampaging the city, what do you think is
the cause of them anger; why the monsters are so furious?
a. They're hungry and looking for food
b. They're looking for their lost love
c. Just because they are ugly monsters with high temper
d. They're angry with this desperate world
2.) You are walking in the art gallery, you are relaxed and stop at one picture. You stop and stare
at this picture for a long time, amazed and fascinated. What kind of picture is that?
a. Self-portrait
b. Parody version of something
c. Abstract
d. Painting of nature
3.) If you have a magical eraser that can erase anything:
a. Erase yourself
b. Erase your lover
c. Erase the third party
4.) Again, you are in the art gallery, the same one as before. While you are looking at that
picture, a guy standing next to you is about to say something. What is that might be?
a.) "What a beautiful painting, you think?"
b.) "How do you like this painting?"
c.) "Excuse me; do you know what time is it now?"
d.) "You know, I'm the one who painted this picture"
5.) You are in 5 stars hotel room with a blue sky view. You fell asleep and take a nap for a couple
hours. What do you expect to see outside the window once you wake up?
a. Midday sun shines above the marine blue sea
b. Dark blue sea reflexes stars on the sky
c. Cold blue sea barely see in the mist
d. The sun is setting at the end of the line where sky and sea has met
6.) You are reading stuff in the living room while someone is knocking on your door. Through the
cat's eye you see a stranger. According to the way he dresses, this guy must be a technician.
What kind of technician is that?
a. An electrician
b. A plumber
c. Air-conditioner technician
d. Television or stereo technician
7.) You are a superstar about to release a new album. What do you want for the album cover
a. Beautiful landscape
b. Cartoonish picture
c. Abstract picture, some artistic stuff
d. Picture of yourself
8.) Your boss told you to cut a piece of paper into half. How do you like to cut it?
a. Cut it in straight 
b. Cut it in wavy line
c. Cut it in zigzag line
d. Cut it in one curve line
9.) If you have to commit suicide, which way you will prefer?
a. Shoot yourself
b. Overdose yourself
c. Hang yourself
d. Jump off the building
10.) Which part of the cake you are eager to eat?
a. The strawberry part
b. The uneatable decoration part
c. The sugary-decoration part
d. The Chocolate part
e. The decorating wafer part
11.) You walk down the street and unintentionally kick the garbage bin fall in a mess. What do
you expect to see?
a. Nothing, the bin is empty
b. Just a garbage spread all over the street
c. Mostly food
d. All the garbage has already put neatly in a bag
12.) You are watching TV in the living room and decide it's time to go to bed. Entering the
bedroom you see a snake on your comfy bed; what you are going to do?
a. Run away
 b. A bit shocked but not that scared. However, you have no idea what to do in this situation
c. A bit shocked but not that scared, so you are immediately thinking of getting it out of the
place
13.) You are driving by the seaside. Seeing a beautiful landscape, you cannot help but pulling off
the car to draw this breathtaking view as part of your memory. How do you like to draw the
palm tree at the right side of the paper?
a. Taller than he real one
b. Same height with the real one
c. Shorter than the real one
14.) You bought chocolate-filled donut from the most famous bakery in town. Unfortunately,
happily bite a piece; you realize the one you've bought has nothing inside. What will you do?
a. Go back to the bakery and try to change it with a new one
b. Talk to yourself "It happens" then finish the donut
c. Throw it away frustratingly and buy something else
d. Find something to fill it yourself to make it even more delicious
15.) There is an egg in front of you. What kind of egg is that?
a. Snake egg
b. Turtle egg
c. Dinosaur egg
d. Chicken egg

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1.) The question stands for the dark side of yourself and cause of pressure in your life 
If you choose

a. You are on a diet and feel a bit suffer from it appearance

b. Love is the main cause of the pressure in your d. You are pessimistic person
life
c. You feel unsatisfied with your own

2.) The question stands for your attractiveness

If you choose

a. You are self-confidence d. You are gentle and well-manner

b. You are talkative and have a sense of humor
c. You are creative person

3.) The question stands for how you handle the problem in your love life
If you choose

a. You always run away from the problem in c. You don't like to let the problem goes on and
your love life effect with your life. You love to solve it right
b. You respect love and see it as a beautiful away
thing

4.) The question stands for the way you act when you met someone for the first time
If you choose

a. You are friendly and love to get to know and b. You will consider carefully before get to know
have new friends someone
c. You are independent and see no importance try to make them impressed in you
of getting to know new friends
d. You always get excited to know someone and

5.) The question stands for what do you want from love
If you choose

a. You want a high-voltage love d. You are looking for a perfect love. Ideal and
b. You believe the importance of honesty romantic
between lovers
c. You want your lover to be your best friend

6.) The question stands for the problem in your family that you try to ignore
If you choose

a. The warm atmosphere that everyone and talk family

to each other about anything d. The fun in the family
b. The understanding feeling within the family
c. The factor from outside that effects to your

7.) The question stands for what you see as the most charming attitude in yourself and would like to
express it for everyone to see
If you choose

a. You see yourself as a gentle and well- creative

mannered person d. You have a high self-confidence and love to
b. You love social life and always entertain be leader
people surrounding you
c. You are skillful, very talented and very

8.) The question stands for the method you will choose to end your relationship with someone
If you choose

a. You can end it right away. No regret aggressive

b. You cannot end it completely at the moment. d. You will end your relationship gently
c. The way you end the relationship is harsh and

9.) The question stands for how you manage your money
If you choose

a. You are a so-called stingy but never have a and good at saving money
proper savings d. You don't know how to spend money and
b. You are a businessman and know how to always use it all once you have it in your hand
earn a money from anything you want
c. You strict with the way you spend the money

10.) The question stands for your attitude

If you choose
a. Your life is based on morality. You will not do d. You are reasonable and a natural born
anything against righteousness leader. You love to be in control
b. You are fashionable and always fascinated e. You are sensitive, romantic and always dream
people around you of happy wedding
c. You care other people's feeling and love to be
in the crowd

11.) The question stands for what you want to hide from others
If you choose

a. You have nothing to hide. You are very open know your personal life
and sincere to others d. You are in control and rarely tell other people
b. You try to act open-minded but the truth is about how you feel
you have something in your mind
c. You are paranoid and don't like anyone to

12.) The question stands for your perspective towards relationship with your lover
If you choose

a. You afraid to begin a relationship with anyone, and if you also try to kill a snake, it
someone means you've found someone or you've found
b. You are not afraid to have a relationship with someone that has already married
someone you like
c. You don't want to have a relationship with

13.) The question stands for your background about your ex-lover
If you choose

a. You've already forgotten about your ex and must have some point similar to your ex
ready to move on to someone else c. You cannot forget about your ex
b. Somehow you still have feeling with your ex,
and if you want to met someone, that person

14.) The question stands for how you act once you face the unexpected problem
If you choose

a. You are reliable and ready for anything to possible

come d. You always come up with ideas, which
b. You don't let the problem disturbed you for everyone accept and trust, to solve things up
long
c. You will solve the problem out as soon as

15.) The question stands for the expectation towards your own child
If you choose

a. Wealth and intelligence

b. Healthy and live long
c. Uniqueness and outstanding
d. You just want your child to be safe and happy