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    Alkanes

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    atomix-science
    The document summarizes key information about alkanes: 1) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded by single bonds. They include methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane. 2) Alkanes are obtained from crude oil and can be separated by fractional distillation. Methane is used in Bunsen burners while longer alkanes can be fuels. 3) Hydrocarbons with four or more carbons can form isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structures. Butane and pentane each have multiple isomer forms.

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    Alkanes

    Uploaded by

    atomix-science
    2K views12 pages
    The document summarizes key information about alkanes: 1) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded by single bonds. They include methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane. 2) Alkanes are obtained from crude oil and can be separated by fractional distillation. Methane is used in Bunsen burners while longer alkanes can be fuels. 3) Hydrocarbons with four or more carbons can form isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structures. Butane and pentane each have multiple isomer forms.

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    Organic chemistry for AS

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    The document summarizes key information about alkanes: 1) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded by single bonds. They include methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane. 2) Alkanes are obtained from crude oil and can be separated by fractional distillation. Methane is used in Bunsen burners while longer alkanes can be fuels. 3) Hydrocarbons with four or more carbons can form isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structures. Butane and pentane each have multiple isomer forms.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views12 pages

    Alkanes

    Uploaded by

    atomix-science
    The document summarizes key information about alkanes: 1) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded by single bonds. They include methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane. 2) Alkanes are obtained from crude oil and can be separated by fractional distillation. Methane is used in Bunsen burners while longer alkanes can be fuels. 3) Hydrocarbons with four or more carbons can form isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structures. Butane and pentane each have multiple isomer forms.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    AS Chemistry

    Organic Chemistry: alkanes


    Following the new OCR syllabus
    What Are Alkanes?
    • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons
    • They contain only Hydrogen(H) and
    Oxygen(O) atoms joined by single
    bonds
    • They are fairly un-reactive except in
    combustion reactions such as
    methane gas to power Bunsen
    burners in the lab
    Sources Of Alkanes
    • Alkanes are obtained mainly from
    crude oil
    • Crude oil is a mixture of thousands of
    compounds
    • They can be separated by a process
    called ‘fractal distillation’
    The first 5 alkanes
    Carbon
    Name Formula 3d
    atoms

    1 Methane CH4
    The first four
    alkane
    C2H6 prefixes have
    2 Ethane
    historical
    names, after
    which Latin
    3 Propane C3H8 ordinals are
    used, these
    will be
    familiar from
    4 Butane C4H10 maths i.e.
    PENTagon,
    HEXagon.
    5 Pentane C5H12
    Task 1
    The sixth alkane is ‘Hexane’, it has the
    formula C6H14.
    Using the structures of the first
    alkanes and the 3d model below,
    work out its structure. Use simplified
    notation

    [5minutes]
    Task 1

    H H H H H H

    H C C C C C C H

    H H H H H H

    Hexane
    Alkanes as fuels
    The Bunsen Flame- an exothermic
    reaction

    CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

    +  +
    Isomers
    • Isomers are chemical substances
    with the same molecular formula but
    different structures
    • Hydrocarbons like alkanes with 4 or
    more carbon atoms form isomers
    • Lets take butane as an example, it
    has the molecular formula C4H10.
    H H H N-butane
    H Straight chain
    H C C
    C C H Melting point: -138 Celsius
    Boiling point: 0 Celsius
    H
    H H H

    H
    Iso-butane
    H H
    Branched hydrocarbon
    C
    Melting point: -159 Celsius
    H C H Boiling point: 0 Celsius
    C C
    H H H
    H H
    Task 2
    Draw the three possible isomers of
    pentane

    [20minutes]
    Task 2
    H H H H

    H C C H
    C C C
    H H
    H H H H

    H
    H H

    H C H

    H C C C H

    H C H
    H H
    H

    H
    H H
    C H
    H
    H C C
    C C H
    H H
    H H H
    How many isomers can be
    formed? No. No.
    Name Formula Carbon Isomers
    atoms possible
    Butane C4H10 4 2
    Pentane C5H12 5 3
    Hexane C6H14 6 5
    Heptane C7H16 7 9
    Octane C8H18 8 18
    Nonane C9H20 9 35
    Decane C10H22 10 75
    Dodecane C12H26 12 355

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