Chapt 26
Chapt 26
Chapt 26
1. The thin envelope of life that surrounds the earth's surface is called the:
A) atmosphere
B) biosphere
C) lithosphere
D) hydrosphere
E) ecosystem
2. A collection of organisms together with their physical and chemical factors are called
a/an:
A) atmosphere
B) biosphere
C) lithosphere
D) hydrosphere
E) ecosystem
3. The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions
called:
A) niches
B) habitats
C) populations
D) communities
E) biomes
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6. The physical location in the environment to which an organism has adapted is its:
A) niche
B) habitat
C) population
D) community
E) biome
8. Which is mismatched:
A) parasitism – one organism benefits and the other receives no benefit
B) competition – one organism gives off substances that inhibit or kill other
organisms
C) predator – seeks out and ingests live prey
D) scavengers – feed on live to dead cells and wastes
E) omnivores – feed on plants and flesh
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11. The conversion of gaseous nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH4 +) occurs during:
A) ammonification
B) nitrogen fixation
C) photosynthesis
D) nitrification
E) denitrification
14. Which of the following is a nitrogen fixing microbe that also photosynthesizes?
A) Rhizobium
B) Nitrobacter
C) Pseudomonas
D) Nostoc
E) Azotobacter
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16. Which of the following can carry out denitrification to completion?
A) Rhizobium
B) Nitrobacter
C) Pseudomonas
D) Nostoc
E) Azotobacter
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21. Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called:
A) decomposition
B) synergism
C) mineralization
D) bioremediation
E) recycling
22. The sediment in a lake, composed of organic debris and mud, is termed the:
A) photic zone
B) benthic zone
C) profundal zone
D) littoral zone
E) limnetic zone
24. Eutrophication:
A) encourages heavy surface algal blooms
B) can block the O2 supply to the lake
C) occurs when there are excess nutrients in aquatic ecosystems
D) causes massive die-off of fish and invertebrates
E) all of the choices are correct
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26. Indictor bacteria are:
A) coliforms
B) enterococci
C) evidence of fecal contamination
D) used in water quality tests
E) all of the choices are correct
29. Water moves through sand beds and activated charcoal in this step of water purification:
A) chlorination
B) aeration and settling
C) sedimentation
D) storage
E) filtration
30. The yeast used in making bread, beer, and wine is:
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B) Leuconostoc mesenteroides
C) Streptococcus lactis and Lactobacillus
D) Propionibacterium
E) Spirulina
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31. These bacteria ferment milk lactose, producing acids that curdle the milk:
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B) Leuconostoc mesenteroides
C) Streptococcus lactis and Lactobacillus
D) Propionibacterium
E) Spirulina
32. This organism is used to initiate the fermentation of cabbage to make sauerkraut:
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B) Leuconostoc mesenteroides
C) Streptococcus lactis and Lactobacillus
D) Propionibacterium
E) Spirulina
35. Which step in making beer involves sprouting and softening the barley to release
amylases to act on starch, and proteases to digest protein?
A) preparing a mash
B) malting
C) aging
D) wort is boiled with hops
E) fermentation
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36. All of the following are foodborne pathogens except:
A) Salmonella
B) Campylobacter
C) Streptococcus
D) Clostridium
E) Staphylococcus aureus
40. Living or dead organisms that occupy an organism's habitat are called biotic factors.
A) True
B) False
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42. The combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, have contributed to the steady
increase in atmosphere CO2 gas over the last 25 years.
A) True
B) False
44. Mycorrhizae are the mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of certain
plants.
A) True
B) False
45. In the secondary phase of water treatment, organic matter undergoes biodegradation by
a diverse mix of bacteria, algae, and protozoa.
A) True
B) False
47. In batch fermentation, substrate is added continuously and the product is siphoned off
throughout the run.
A) True
B) False
48. The science called microbial _____ studies interactions between microbes and their
environment and how those interactions affect the earth.
49. Organisms that inhabit soil or water and breakdown and absorb the organic matter of
dead organisms are called _____.
50. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are believed to be _____
gases that could disrupt the temperature balance of the earth.
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51. The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil
is called _____.
54. _____ is a floating, surface microbial community that drifts with the currents and
waves.
55. A food _____ results from ingestion of exotoxin secreted by bacterial cells growing in
the food.
56. A food _____ results from ingestion of whole microbial cells that target the intestine.
58. Discuss the specific effects caused by the runoff of organic industrial waste into a
freshwater stream.
59. Discuss and give several examples of the use of microbes in bioremediation and
biopesticides.
60. Compare and contrast the starting materials, processing steps, and microbes used in
brewing beer and making wine.
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