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Simple Machines: Principle of Moments

The Principle of Moments states that the sum of torques due to several forces applied to a single point is equal to the torque due to the sum of the forces. A simple machine uses mechanical advantage to multiply force, with six classical types including the lever, pulley, wedge, wheel and axle, inclined plane, and screw. Levers consist of a fulcrum, load, and effort and are classified as first, second, or third class depending on the position of these components.

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280 views3 pages

Simple Machines: Principle of Moments

The Principle of Moments states that the sum of torques due to several forces applied to a single point is equal to the torque due to the sum of the forces. A simple machine uses mechanical advantage to multiply force, with six classical types including the lever, pulley, wedge, wheel and axle, inclined plane, and screw. Levers consist of a fulcrum, load, and effort and are classified as first, second, or third class depending on the position of these components.

Uploaded by

earl pannila
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principle of moments

The Principle of Moments, also known as Varignon's theorem (not to be confused with the
geometrical theorem of the same name) states that the sum of torques due to several forces
applied to a single point is equal to the torque due to the sum (resultant) of the forces.
Mathematically, this follows from:

simple machines

A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force.[2] In
general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called
leverage) to multiply force. A simple machine uses a single applied force to do work against a single load
force. Ignoring friction losses, the work done on the load is equal to the work done by the applied force

Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines which were defined by Renaissance
scientists:[4]

 Lever  Pulley  Wedge


 Wheel and axle  Inclined plane  Screw

Levers

A lever comprises of three components -

 Fulcrum or pivot - the point about which the lever rotates


 Load - the force applied by the lever system
 Effort - the force applied by the user of the lever system

Classification of Levers

 Class 1 - The fulcrum lies between the effort and the load for example, a crowbar or a
pair of scissors or a seesaw.
 Class 2 - The fulcrum is at one end, the effort at the other end and the load lies between
the effort and the fulcrum for example, a wheelbarrow or a nut-cracker.
 Class 3 - The fulcrum is at one end, the load at the other end and the effort lies between
the load and the fulcrum for example, a pair of tweezers or the human mandible(lower
jaw).

Class 1 Lever Class 2 Lever Class 3 Lever

 Class 3 is the most common class of lever to be found in the human body.

Cranked Lever (Bell Crancked Lever)

a lever with two arms having a common fulcrum at their junction.

The bell crank is used to convert the direction of reciprocating movement. By varying the angle
of the crank piece it can be used to change the angle of movement from 1 degree to 180 degrees
because it was originally used for ringing bells ....

Compound Lever

A compound lever is a system in which two or more levers act upon each other. Examples of compound
levers in use include nail clippers, tin snips and garden shears. A compound lever consists of one lever
operating another. Mix of Second and third class

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