Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) : Side Effects, Contraindications, Interactions
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) : Side Effects, Contraindications, Interactions
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) : Side Effects, Contraindications, Interactions
HMG-CoA:
· Side effects:
Hepatotoxicity
Myositis [aka rhabdomyolysis]
· Contraindications:
Girl during pregnancy/ Growing children
· Interactions:
Coumarin/ Cyclosporine
Clopidogrel: use
CLOPIdogrel is a drug that prevents
CLots, an Oral Platelet Inhibitor (OPI).
Amiodarone: action, side effects
6 P's:
Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
Antiarrhythmics: classification I to IV
MBA College· In order of class I to IV:
Membrane stabilizers (class I)
Beta blockers
Action potential widening agents
Calcium channel blockers
My N.H.L ---
Quote:
M-methyl dopa..
N-nifedipine...
H-hydralazine..
L-labetalol.
methyldopa
Quote:
M = mental retardation
E = electrolyte imbalance
T = tolerance
H = headache/ hepatotoxicity, rebound HTN
Y = psYchological upset
D = dry mouth, drowsiness
O = oedema, orthostatic hypotension
P = Parkinsonism
A = Anemia [+ve coomb's test]
sodium nitroprusside
Quote:
Mr. = Acute MI
chief = Acute CHF
Surgery = maintain hemostasis during surgeries
emergency = hypertensive emergencies
Quote:
Ipratropium
Pirenzepine
Atropine
Scopolamine
_Muscarinic receptors at all parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.
Quote:
Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet
disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise (tinnitus)
Benzodiazapines: ones not metabolized by the liver (safe to use in liver failure)
LOT:
Quote:
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam
Benzodiazepenes: antidote
Quote:
"Ben is off with the flu":
Benzodiazepine effects off with Flumazenil.
Benzodiazepines: actions
"Ben SCAMs Pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle":
Quote:
Sedation
anti-Convulsant
anti-Anxiety
Muscle relaxant
Not by brain: No antipsychotic activity.
Quote:
Action: "Botulism Bottles up the Ach so it can't be the released":
Related bungarotoxin: "Botulism is related to Beta Bungarotoxin (beta-, not alpha-
bungarotoxin--alpha has different mechanism).
Delerium-causing drugs
Quote:
Antibiotics (biaxin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin)
Cardiac drugs (digoxin, lidocaine)
Urinary incontinence drugs (anticholinergics)
Theophylline
Ethanol
Corticosteroids
H blockers
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Narcotics (esp. mepridine)
Geriatric psychiatric drugs
ENT drugs
Insomnia drugs
NSAIDs (eg indomethacin, naproxin)
Muscle relaxants
Seizure medicines
Inhalation anesthetics
SHINE:
Quote:
Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Enflurane
_ If want the defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.
Ipratropium: action
Atropine is buried in the middle: iprAtropium, so it behaves like Atropine.
MAOIs: indications
MAOI'S:
Quote:
Melancholic [classic name for atypical depression]
Anxiety
Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia]
Imagined illnesses [hypochondria]
Social phobias
_ Listed in decreasing order of importance.
_ Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.
Methyldopa: side effects
METHYLDOPA:
Quote:
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity
psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia (haemolytic)
Morphine: effects
MORPHINES:
Quote:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Histamine release/ Hormonal alterations
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
Narcotic antagonists
Quote:
The Narcotic Antagonists are NAloxone and NAltrexone.
_ Important clinically to treat narcotic overdose.
Parkinsonism: drugs
SALAD:
Quote:
Selegiline
Anticholinenergics (trihexyphenidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine)
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa, benserazide)
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide)
Vigabatrin: mechanism
Vi-GABA-Tr-In:
Quote:
Via GABA Transferase Inhibition
Busulfan: features
ABCDEF:
Quote:
Alkylating agent
Bone marrow suppression s/e
CML indication
Dark skin (hyperpigmentation) s/e
Endrocrine insufficiency (adrenal) s/e
Fibrosis (pulmonary) s/e
Morphine: side-effects
MORPHINE:
Quote:
Myosis
Out of it (sedation)
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia (aspiration)
Hypotension
Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
Nausea
Emesis
TI = LD / ED
PREANASTHETIC MEDICATION
Quote:
D...deoxy barbiturates
B...barbiturates
H....hydantoin
A.. aliphatic carb acids
I....iminostilbenes
S....succinimides
B....BZD's
N.... newer drugs
P....Phenyltriazines
C... cyclic gaba analogues
D diabetes insipidus
E enamel problems
V vestibular toxicity
'melbourne cricket authority has high funds though players get minor amount' .. for
clinical uses of beta blockers...
Quote:
BAB like in baba (father)
Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Busulfan
ADRS OF CHLORAMPHENICOL
UR GMCS BeST
Quote:
UTI
Respi
Gonorrhoea
Maningitis
cholecystitis
septicemias
bacillary dysentry
sabe
typhoid
misch
Acyclovir “I see clover”
I see a three-leaf clover (this is a prodrug that gets converted into a triphosphate – it
resembles dNTP and inhibits DNA Polymerase). Imagine putting clovers over herpes sores
and genital warts (this is used to treat those).
Amantadine “Homan to Dean” In case you haven’t heard, Dr. Homan is our new SOM
dean. His new policy: he won’t let us come to school without our white coats (this drug
blocks uncoating, stage 2, in viral infection). Other interesting facts about him: he can
pee for 12 hours straight! (The half-life is 12h and it’s excreted unchanged in the
kidney .)
Dr. Homan can’t take the pressure of being a new dean so he becomes a nervous drunk
with depression, feelings of detachment, insomnia, dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, and
inability to concentrate (these are some of the adverse effects)
Cephadroxil “Drop rocks” While you are peeing you drop rocks (This drug treats UTIs).
Cephalothin “…Loathing”
If your heart is infected, you can’t love, only loathe (this is used to treat severe
infections such as endocarditis).
Cephamandole “…Man doll” You have to inflate your man doll and you get an upper
respiratory infection. If you “use” this anatomically correct man doll, he will give you
pelvic inflammatory disease (This drug is indicated for URI and PID). He’s also so real that
he bleeds!!! (Adverse effect: It affects Vit-K dependent clotting function)
Cephazolin “…Soul in” You want to keep your soul in and not die if you go to surgery (this
drug is used prophylactically for surgery).
Cephoperazone “…Opera zone” Going to the opera makes me want to get drunk to the
point of illness. These drugs, when mixed with ethanol interfere with ALDH, affecting
alcohol metabolism (you end up with increased acetaldehyde – a DISULFIRAM-LIKE
REACTION).
Also, if you see Phantom of the Opera, expect to see some blood! (This affects Vit-K
dependent clotting function.)
Cephotaxime “…Tax time” IRS is hard to kill off – they are MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANT
(Use this drug against MDR strains.).
Fluconazole “Flu cone” Imagine an emaciated AIDS patient eating an ice cream cone
made of the flu and he gets an oral and esophageal fungal infection. (This is used to treat
oral and esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients).
Foscarnet “Fox cARRR net” If you catch foxes in a net, they won’t reproduce (this drug is
a stage 3 inhibitor). ARRR… it inhibits RNA polymerase and Reverse transcriptase to block
Reproduction. You’re going to put the foxes into a car that’s made out of bones instead
of metal (this drug binds to bones and decreases Ca2+ and Mg2+).
Also, a foxy lady is HOT (this drug will cause a fever) and never wear fox urine to hunt
(this is excreted in the kidney and causes renal insufficiency).
inhalational corticosteroids
Bed Bug Flew To Florida
Quote:
B-BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE
B-BUDESONIDE
F-FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE
T-TRIAMCINALONE
F-FLUNISOLIDE
Quote:
Succinylcholine gets Stuck to Ach receptor, then Sucks ions in through open pore.
You Suck stuff in through a mouth-tube, and drug is used for intubation
Opioids: effects
BAD AMERICANS:
Quote:
Bradycardia & hypotension
Anorexia
Diminished pupilary size
Analgesics
Miosis
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction)
Constipation
Ameliorate cough reflex
Nausea and vomiting
Sedations
·
Alternatively: "CHASM":
Quote:
Cererbral vasospasm / CHF
Hypertension
Angina
Suprventricular tachyarrhythmia
Migranes
Pupils in overdose: morphine vs. amphetamine
MorPHINE: Fine.
AmPHETamine: Fat
"Morphine overdose: pupils constricted (fine)
Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated (fat)
Reserpine action
Reserpine depletes the Reserves of catecholamines [and serotonin]
Quaker-Quinidine
Preachers-Procainamide
Discussed-Disopyramide
Sobriety-Sodium channel blockade
Philadelphians-Phenytoin
Like-Lidocaine
Salty-Sodium channel blockade
Mexican-Mexiletine
Tacos-Tocainide
Flea-Flecainide
Encrusted-Encainide
Prophets-Propafenone
"Betting Professionals."
Betting-Beta-adrenergic blockade
Professionals-Propranolol
Britain-Bretylium
Repossessed-Repolarization is prolonged.
American-Amiodarone
Soaps-Solatol
Class IV - Calcium channel blockade: Verapamil, Diltiazem
Antiarrhythmic agents:
1a-A:
D-Disopyramide
Q-Quinidine
P-Procainamide
1b-B:
T-Tocainamide
P-Phenytoin
L-Lidocaine
M-Mexiletine
1c-C:
F-Flecainamide
E-Encainamide
P-Propafenone
Digoxin S/E
GECCKO
GIT – n&v, abdo pain, ulcers
Eyes – blurring, halo, xanthopsia
CNS – depression, confusion, delirium, hallucinations
Cardiac – ANY arrhythmia
K - low
Hypertension,
Immunosuppression,
Gastric Ulcer (bleeding),
Heartburn
Cataract,
Osteoporosis,
Muscle weakness,
Path # / Psychosis,
Acne / Altered Glucose,
Cushingoid,
Thin skin
Increased appetite,
Myopathy,
poor wound healing,
stress response reduced
AM CUSHINGOID
Acne,
Myopathy (prox) / muscle wasting (prox)
Cushingoid / Cataract,
Ulcers,
Striae, skin thin (bruising),
Hypertension / hairy,
Infection,
Glycosuria,
Obesity / Osteoporosis / Oedema,
Immunosuppression / Insomnia,
Depression
http://imedrx.blogspot.com/2010/02/physiology-and-pharmacology-video.html