Biology Ecology Field Trip Report: Shaariga Hussein Amir 4612 10-H

Biology Ecology Field
Trip Report
Shaariga Hussein Amir

4612
10-H
Activity 1A
What is an ecosystem?
A complex set of relationships among the living organisms and their habitat.
Analysis
• The dead leaves, flowers and bark of the tree provide
shelter to some insects such as ants and provide food for
the decomposers in the soil
• The caterpillars feed on the tree, the bees feed on the
nectar of the flowers and the spider eats the flies which also
feed on the nectar
• the small fish feed on algae which are then eaten by sea
urchins
Hypothetical food chains

1) tree flies spider
2) Algae small fish sea urchins
3) Algae sea snails fish crabs
4) Tree mosquito spider
5) Algae fish human
Food Web
spider
mosquito caterpillar bee
tree
2
sea urchin human crab
fish
sea snail
small fish
algae
Pyramids on Numbers
1
spider
flies
tree
2 sea urchins
small fish
algae
3 crab
fish
sea snails
algae
4
spider
mosquito
tree
5
human
fish
algae
Pyramids of Bio Mass
1
spider
flies
tree
2 sea urchins
small fish
algae
3 crab
fish
sea snails
algae
4
spider
mosquito
tree
5
human
fish
algae
Report
Type of pollution: Contaminated and Land pollution
What is Contaminated and Land pollution?
Land pollution is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human
activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed
properly. Health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of
minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few
factors. This also contributes to water pollution as rainwater leaches a lot of good and
bad stuff out of the land as it moves downstream to our oceans.
The effects of pollution on the land are not limited to the terrestrial ecosystem, because
the synthetic chemicals are not degraded by the normal processes of life. From there,
the pollution can travel through the roots of plants into any herbivore which consumes
the plant and on and on and on until it reaches the highest organisms in the food web:
humans.
removing environmental pollution from the land not only removes the contamination
from the land, it prevents contamination from entering the food web, it aids in the
mitigation of adverse health effects like cancer, and it removes potentially costly
liability. Eliminating the liability now, effectively removes the risk to future earnings
and worth. It will mean a short term capital investment to minimize the effects of
environmental pollution, to maximize any health effects mitigation which may occur,
and to maximize the value of the land.
In an age where businesses increasingly have to consider greater risk to do
business, the opportunity exists to minimize or eliminate a potential risk factor
against the continued success of your business. It is prudent planning to
minimize the amount of risk and the overall effect of that risk on the current
and future earnings of your business. That is the promise that remediation
brings.
Land pollution can have sustained, damaging effects to the ecosystem as well as
the current and future utilization of a parcel of land. Thus, it is beneficial and
arguably, imperative that steps be taken to improve all aspects concerning
forms of environmental pollution and health effects by quickly eliminating
contamination on the land.
Causes of land pollution :

• Increase in urbanization. Construction uses up forestland. More
constructions means increase in demand for raw materials like timber. This
leads to the exploitation and destruction of forests. There is more demand
for water. Reservoirs are built leading to the loss of land.
•Increase in agricultural land. As the human population grew there was a
greater demand for food. This caused more land allocated to agriculture.
Forests were cut down for this purpose.
• Domestic waste. Every single day, tons and tons of domestic waste is dumped
ranging from huge pieces of rubbish such as unused refrigerator to fish bones.
If all these wastes are not disposed of properly, the damage they can do to the
environment and humankind can be devastating. While waste collected from
homes, offices and industries may be recycled or burnt in incinerators, a large
amount of rubbish is neither burnt nor recycled but is left in certain areas
marked as dumping grounds. We throw away more things today and there is
an increase in the quantity of solid waste. This has given rise to problems as
new dumping grounds have to be found.
• Agricultural activities. Besides domestic waste, pesticides and herbicides used by
farmers to increase crop yields also pollute the land when they are washed into
the soil.
• Industrial activities. Industrial activities also are a contributing factor to land
pollution. For example, in open cast mining, huge holes are dug in the ground
and these form dangerously deep mining pools. Heaps of mining waste are left
behind and these waste often contain several poisonous substances that will
contaminate the soil.
Reducing land Pollution
We can take the following steps:-encourage organic farming

• proper garbage disposal
• recycle garbage
• reduce use of herbicides and pesticides
• Avoid over packaged items
• efficient utilization of resources and reducing wastage
First Quadrant
Name of the Column Column Column Column Column Mean
plant or animal 1 2 3 4 5
Second Quadrant
Third Quadrant
D
Mean value of organism A= mean of 1st quadrant+2nd quadrant+3rd quadrant+ quadrat/3
Mean value of organism B= mean of 1st quadrant+2nd quadrant+3rd quadrant+ quadrat/3
Mean value of organism C= mean of 1st quadrant+2nd quadrant+3rd quadrant+ quadrat/3
Mean value of organism D= mean of 1st quadrant+2nd quadrant+3rd quadrant+ quadrat/3
Population size of A ……………………………….

Population size of B ……………………………….
Population size of C ……………………………….
Population size of D ……………………………….
did you get expected results? if not why?
Limitations
• Many dead leaves, so counting the organisms was difficult
• Not much of variety of organisms
• Due to the hot weather not much organisms were active, so variety in the counted
organisms was less
• Time consuming
Suggestive improvements
• Some other place where counting the number of organisms would be easy
• Repeating the sampling technique to see whether the results are accurate
• More time was given
Personal experience
This camp has been one of the best experiences of my life and the worst
Best because, I got to know some people more and had a great time
Worst because, I kept on getting cramps in my leg that day… however, the overall
experience has proved to be really good. I got to learn a lot about mother nature. I got
to know a lot more about ecology in the place I never thought I could. The trip has
opened my eyes to a whole new way of learning and understanding things.
Yet, not everything goes fine, for example;
• There wasn’t much space in tents- causing some students left out in the scorching
sun
• The space to pray also was very small and leading to problems
• The teachers were less in number and it was easy to lose them
• Some group mates weren't very cooperative
• Some teachers weren't readily participating in the activities and weren't of much
help
However the field trip wasn’t a complete loss as:
• We learned a new technique- sampling technique
• We got along even though we didn’t know each other really well
• The ecology camp made us do some practical works which cant be done in a
normal class room
• Made us learn a lot of things while having FUN!!!

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Biology Ecology Field

Shaariga Hussein Amir

Hypothetical food chains

mosquito caterpillar bee

Causes of land pollution :

We can take the following steps:-encourage organic farming

Population size of A ……………………………….

did you get expected results? if not why?

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