2-1. The center diameter of d = 4 in. If the balloon’s diameter to average normal strain in the rubber. Average Normal Strain Bd~ Rd d-dh 5-4 “Hi Oin te, Ane th of 10 in. It 2-2, A rubber band has an unstretched lengt it is stretched around a pole having an outer diameter of 6 in., determine the average normal strain in the band. Average Normal Strain : 1, =10in L=6n in, L-ly _ 6x -10 Be pT ones inn Ans 2-3. Bar ABCis originally in a horizontal position. If loads cause the end A to be displaced downwards Ay = 0.002 in. and the bar rotates @ = 0.2", determine the average normal strain in the rods AD, BE, and CE Geometry 4 = 0.002 + 6tan 02° = 0.02294 in. 3c = 0.002+ (2tan0.2° = 0.04389 in, Average Normal Strain 84 £990 pas0( 10? 2.20% 9250(10%) inn Ane (ag ® peg 20280107) Cedag = Ste SM 089109) inline ‘ Loe se oot (eePhng = FE =O 84910") inti, Ane Portion of the rubber balloon has a the air pressure within it causes become d = 5 in., determine thep2o4. The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires BD and CE. Ifthe load P on the beam is displaced 10 map downward, determine the normal strain developed in wires CE and BD. Geometry : See = 7.1429 mm Average Normal Strain : ee 109 (e, = ots 0 1.79( 107) mmm Ans (ee Fe = gy = 910") Cetolng #882 = 27143010) mmm Ane Tyo” 3000 2-S. The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires BD and CE. If the maximum allowable normal strain in cach wire is énax = 0.002 mm/mm, determine the maximum vertical displacement of the load P. Average Normal Strain : 0 * Emus lyg = 0.002(3000) = 6.00 mm 4 44 9X60 «600m ce = Ean Lee = 0.002(4000) = 8.00 mm 7 = 38ce = 5800) = 112mm (comirols!) Ans 4p shee = (800) = 112mm (controls)2-6 Determine the approximate average normal strain in the wire AB as a function of the rotation @ of the rigid bar CA by assuming @ is small. What is this value if @ = 2°7 Geometry : a (S22) s907= 0-8 z 2 ieee aa’n2{3sin€ )=6sin 2 v 3) : 2 — 0 found) 20m )m[or [rid arom Pond J 12sine = 4+ 18-18 cos 04 13 sin 6 Larissa = +39 Average Normal Strain : BA BA'~BA _ 32-\Be0s 64 Dain 8-2 2 = (53-45 c0s O33 ain 1 is small hen, cos @ = L and sin 6 = 6 (ee aga *VES=ASSSB= | 21 teed00 1500 Ans (6a), pos7150() «00535988 win 2.4( 10) maim Ans2-7, The two wires are connected together at A. If the force P causes point A to be displaced vertically 3 mm, determine the normal strain developed in each wire. Geometry : Lye = ban = VE MOP TS ADOC TS = 402.601 mm Average Normal Strain : (EaWaeg adore lee 802.601 - 400 00 = 650(107) mm/mm Ans 42-8, Two barsare used to support a load, When unloaded, AB is 5 in. long, AC is 8 in. long, and the ring at A has coordinates (0, 0). If a load P acts on the ring at A, the normal strain in AB becomes ¢qy = 0.02 inJin, and the normal strain in AC becomes €4c = 0.035 inJin. Determine the coordinate position of the ring due to the load. Average Normal Strain : Lua = Lan + galas = 5+(0.02)(5) = 5.10 in Lye = lac * Exckne = 8+ (0.038) (8) = 8.28 in Geometry YE ~TIOT = 6.1268 in $.10" = 9.2268" + 8.28" -2(9.2268)(8,28) cos 9233317 ~6.7268) =-0.192 in, Ans 43301) ~{4.5490~ 43301) = ~0,218 in, Ans2-9. Two bars are used to support a load P. When unloaded, AB is 5 in. long, AC is 8 in. long, and the ring at A has coordinates (0, 0). Ifa load is applied to the ring at A, so that it moves it to the coordinate position (0.25 in., -0.73 in.), determine the normal strain in each bar, Geometry : B= TBO = 6.7268 in VEEOBES ABO OTE = 5.7591 in, [(67268-O25}°+(43301 + OTE 42191 in Average Normal Strain Ans Ans 3m Hoas in Faia zr 2-10. The guy wire AB of a building frame is originally unstretched. Due to an earthquake, the two columns of the frame tilt 6 = 2°. Determine the approximate normal strain in the wire when the frame is in this position. Assume the columas are rigid and rotate about their lower supports. Geometry : The verical displacements negligible. Je = 0.03491 m (2 a -(0(aa) Py 4 =00(25\p 01396 m 1 (ia) sos xp ot, = 410872 Average Normal Stress A’B-AB AB _ S08416~5 =168(10") mim Ans S— =168(10) mm 3m2-11. Due to its weight, the rod is subjected to a normal strain that varies along its tength such that e = ke, where k is a constant. Determine the displacement AL of its end B when it is suspended as shown. Normal Strain ga ttnn a gake [ibs ot few ce Ans *2-12 The rectangular membrane has an unstretched length L; and width L2. If the sides are increased by small amounts AL, and AL, determine the normal strain along the diagonal AB. Geometry + bas # WFO (siya Aly +2080, +a Average Normal Strain : FSO Sady Fay aha TILT: Neplecting the higher order terms (: 2h thst) ri fag =[ 4 Using the binomial theorem, Also Geometry + (Ly FAL,) = (14 EDL, = (146, dlygeos 8 (L44L) = (46, hy = (46, )Lygsin 8 Thus, (ga + Alga)? = (4 6, g cos @ 41+ 6, Ry sink (byat Alyy)? = Lig( cose +26, cos + ecos'8 +s +26 sin'@ 6 chao) Focemceinn = ed = 0 Lng + Slag = Lag ( 1+2c,cos'@ +2e, sin?@)* Using be bom theorem, Laat Alga = ya (14600898 +e,sin'@ +...) Average Normal Strain: Ans:ular plate is subjected to the deformation Shown by the dashed line, Determine the average shear Strain y,, of the plate Geometry : oe 8c! = 0.0200 cat 0 (F+00200) rs Ans 2-14. The rectangular plate is subjected to the deformation shown by the dashed line, Determine the shear strain y,,-in the plate. The x’ axis is directed from A through point B. Geometry : 97 200 “sant = 52.1136 6 = 1200 53 5910 van = 52.7136 ton = 53.1301 9 = 90° + (53.1301% ~ $2.7136%) = 90.4165° = 1.57807 rad Shear Strain: @ = F~157807 = 72110") rad Aas 2-15. The rectangular plate is subjected to the deformation shown by the dashed line. Determine the normal strains ¢,, fn be & Geometry : a sy" = {CFO HE OOBF = 5.6604 in Way's [Boa 25.6569 in Average Normal Strian . 201 = 250( 10") infin Aas c= A 2 1.25( 10°) isin Ans 5.6604 ~ 5.6569 ~sa569 — = 0.627( 10°) in. Ans"2-16. The rectangular plate is subjected to the deformation shown by the dashed line. Determine the shear strains y,, and yyy developed at point A. ‘Shear Strain : Since the ight angle of the element inthe x~y plane does rot distor, then m, Ans 401 and = e=0787272 nd 240.1787272) 375( 10") nad Ans 2-47. The piece of plastic is originally rectangular. Determine the shear strain 7, at corners A and B if the plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. Geometry : Forsmall angles, (00662282 rad (00896278 rad Shear Strain (M0), = a7 8 = 0.0116 rad = U1.6( 107) rad Ans 8+ “00116 nd ==11.6(10") rad Ans248, The piece of Determine the shear strain yy, at comers D and C if the Plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. plastic is -originally rectangular. Geometry : For small angles. 100896278 rad 00662252 rad Shear Strain: (ebay =a +BY 200116 rad = 11.6107) md Ans (oy 204 200116 rad = 11.6( 10) rad Ans 2-19. The piece of plastic is originally rectangular, Determine the average normal strain that occurs along. the diagonals AC and DB. Geometry + AC= DB = (400+ 300? = 500 mm DB = (ASETIOF = 506.4 mi AC = {BOT 3O0 = 500.8 me Average Normal Strain A'C~AC _ 5008-500 ese 300 = 0.00160 mm/mm = 1.60( 10") mo/mam Ans DB’~DB _ 506.4~500 °00 = = 00128 mm/mm=128(10") mm/mm Ans 52-20." A square piece of material is deformed into the dashed position. Determine the shear strain ey at A. Sheer Strain: ay, (cer) 52810) eat ang2-21. A square piece of material is deformed into the dashed parallelogram. Determine the average normal strain that occurs along the diagonals AC and BD. Geometry: AC = BD /TSEF 1S = 21.2132 mm EARS TS BETIS BYE DB) os 9OF = 21,5665 om AC _ 21.5665~21.2132 ae aa £01668 mm/mm=167( 10) mm/mm Ans Bip’ aD _ 21.4838-21.2132 fo" Bp aaa = 001134 mmv/mm-=11,3(10?) ma/mm Ans 2-22, A square piece of material is deformed into the dashed position, Determine the shear strain ,, at C sr (rhs, =F Ge) =524(10”) rad S2-23, The square deforms into the position shown by the dashed lines. Determine the average normal strain along cach diagonal, AB and CD. Side D B- remains horizontal Geometry : AB= CD= (32+ 50 0.7107 mam cp (TTT HAE 9.5860 mm 0+ S3sin 1.5°—3 = 48.3874 mam AB‘ = 532+ 48.3879 253) (4B. 387A) cos BS? = 70.8243 mm Average Normal Strain : = W82B-70N07 cigs = SaTTF = 161(10") mn/mm Ans coco om 79.5860~70.7107 2 OO 26(10 fo mm/mm — Ans*2-24, The square deforms into the position shown by the dashed lines, Determine the shear strain at each of its corners,A, Side D B_ remains horizontal. Geometry : BPC! = V8 +3)? + (S3sin BBS = 54.1117 mm CD = (SEA SH~ NSH SCOTS 79.5860 mom Dy +(8'CR (CDF 2EDVFCT 48.3874 + 54,1117" ~ 79.5860" 405° Save see 2 7 }—3mm Dae 3e7aysa Ty ~~ 070528 , z cos = 101.73" 180° = = 78.27" 50mm Shear Strain : Wy 2-25. The block is deformed into the position shown by the dashed lines. Determine the average normal strain along line AB Geometry : ; im 30mm AB = 100" + (70-30) = 107.7033 mm AB’ = {1030 15)" + (1108 = 154) = 111.8034 mm 100 mm Average Normal Stra ABI~AB ea x 11,8034 107.7033 167-7033 = 0.038 mn/mm =38.1(10) mm Ans2-26. The block is deformed into the Positi the dashed lines. Determine the Geometry : Susur ssint( 15) ito. 1.70759 = 1.43401 ea Shear Strain 0h F605 1370739 «a9 ), 7.84° = 1.70759 rag jon shown by hear strain at corner C Ans Ans hc my 2-27. The bar is originally 300 mm lon it is subjected to.a shear strain defined by ig When it is fat. If Yay = 0.02%, where Sti ealimeters, determine the displacement Ay at the end ofits bottom edge. It is distorted into the no elongation of the bar occu: hape shown, where in the x direction, Shear Strain: 4 Sw un 002) rary: Zann (0022 JPrgy = Pun (002.2) de ‘Ay ==S0{In c0s(0.024)] 139%" = 203 mm Ans"2-28. The rubber band AB has an unstretched length of 1 ft. Ifit is fixed at B and attached to the surface at point A’, determine the average normal strain in the band, The surface is defined by the function y = (x") ft, where x is in feet bf Viste ae = av TFaF ain (+ TE)" = 1.478940 Average Normal Strain : Lely _ LATa94-1 a T 479fut Ans 2-29. A thin wire is wrapped along a surface having the form y = 0.522, where x and y are in inches. Originally the end Bis at x = 10 in. If the wire undergoes a normal strain along its length of € = 0.005x, determine the change in length of the wire. Hint: For the curve, y = flx), ds = VA + (dyldx} de, Normal Strain : Smeds whe c= 0005 an ds fi+(2) ae However, yO? Tin ay & "(aos (Terex 1 Tawa 000s]2-30. The fiber AB has a length L and orientation 8. If its ends A and B undergo very small displacements ug and vp, respectively, determine the normal strain in the fiber when it is in position A’B’ Geometry : Lyy = VL e098 =m LO = YU Fah + Uf + DLL SO ~ COB) Average Normal strain: Neglecting higher erms uj and vj 2 vp sind ~ uy cos8) (eee Using he binomial theorem Ans 2-31. If the normal strain is defined in reference to the final length, that is, instead of in reference to the original length, Eq, 2-2, show that the difference in these strains is represented as a second- order term, namely, ¢, — €; = e¢)