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    Entropi I

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    Jupiter Fernandez P

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    Entropi I

    Uploaded by

    Jupiter Fernandez P
    19 views38 pages

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    entropi_I

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    19 views38 pages

    Entropi I

    Uploaded by

    Jupiter Fernandez P

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 38
    a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi 6.1 Entropi dan ketidaksamaan Clausius Hukum ke Il termodinamika~—> entropi (ukuran kuantitatif derajat ketidakteraturan mikroskopik) Hk 1: Bi ~ Eng = AE, siklus -_ = reversibel Dp — (Orn + Woy) = OE kerja total: OW, = oW,,, + OW, | Weer 80, - OW, = dE, Kita asumsikan HE reversibel Be 2 6p, -17,2 tT T Won OW =Ty dB, W.= Ty § 2 fab, jika sistem hrs mena. siklus $aB, = 0 kombinasi sintis dan sistem W=T, f2 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entrapi 6.1 Entropi dan ketidaksamaan Clausius w=Th® - i ° nf 7 Qr : r Jika W. > 0, melanggar pernyataan Kelvin-Planck Jika W. = 0, tidak melanggar pernyataan Kelvin-Planck karena Tr > 0, maka i 5O kombinasi | We == Tf <0 atau f2 <0 5 i T T siklus dan sistem: Q yang dimaksud ddisini adalah t Kalor yang ditransfer ke sistern = Qnet anggap pB <0 —~> ketidaksamaan Clasius sebagai siklus Tr f “ee <0Q—s proses irreversible fe. =0 —» proses reversible a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi Example 6-1 For a particular power plant, the heat added and rejected both occur at constant temperature and no other processes experience any heat transfer. heat is added in the amount of 3150 kJ at 440°C and is rejected in the amount of 1950 kJ at 20°C. Js the Clausius inequality satisfied and is the cycle reversible or irreversible? Meo (2) GE) (®) +f(&) <0 310k) ( -1950k ) 4 T hy T Jou (440-+273)K } "| (20+273)K (2) «(%)_ <0 (4418-6655) <0 2237" <9 — > proses irreversible ~ x* a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi Example 6-1 For a particular power plant, the heat added and rejected both occur at constant temperature and no other processes experience any heat transfer. heat is added in the amount of 3150 kJ at 440°C and is rejected in the amount of 1950 kJ at 20°C. Is the Clausius inequality satisfied and is the cycle reversible or irreversible? Hitung net work, efficiensi siklus, dan efficiensi Carnot Wo, = Oy — Oyu = (3150-1950) kJ = 1200KF UT aw _ 1200 _ 9381 or 381% Q,, 3150KF Min,.carnot = Ee 1-02) K _ 9589 or 58.9% T, (440+ 273) K a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi Example 6-2 For a particular power plant, the heat added and rejected both occur at constant temperature; no other processes experience any heat transfer. The heat is added in the amount of 3150 kJ at 4400C and is rejected in the amount of 1294.46 kJ at 200C. Is the Clausius inequality satisfied and is the cycle reversible or irreversible? j Bu <0 3150KJ = 1294.46 4S T —_ || > IF 9 (440+273)K J \(20+273)K War) AG ).2° ais sig zaa (| + (2 | <0 — > proses reversible Z, i J Woo, = Oy, ~ On = (3150~ 1294 46) KI = 185544 Hitung net work dan efficiensi siklus Mhpp = Lass = 189554 _ 0.580 or 58.9% "OQ, 3150KF a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entrapi 6.2 Definisi Entropi 0, < > 0, proses irreversible T = 0, totaly atau internally reversible Proses A dan B int reversible vm (= \ i(%e). A 80) —» (7 Que) = 9° Que i §[ T yn i T ) fl T Srnec Vv along path A along path B karena kuantitas ( SQne/T) int rev tidak tergantung lintasan, maka termasuk properti dan dinamai properti entropi S. as = 2m a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA 6.2 Definisi Entropi BAB 6 Entropi misalkan proses A bisa int reversible atau irreversible dan B internally reversible g(x) so (7S) =e T along A v long B pada lintasan B, harga integral = S1 -S2, ‘sehingga 2 2 KK I Qa +S$,-S,<0 atu S,-S, >I rer 1 oT 1 oT Secara umum entropi didefinisikan untuk proses internally reversible > untuk proses irreversible a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA. BAB 6 Entropi Pengaruh Heat Transfer terhadap entropi pada proses internally reversible 5Qnet > 0, maka dS >0 SQnet = 0, maka dS = 0 OQnet < 0, maka dS <0 Untuk proses internally reversibel adiabatik, dS = 0, S:=S2_ isentropik ——> perubahan entropi disebabkan oleh heat transfer dan irreversibilitas Perubahan energi selama proses dinyatakan sebagai : ? 60, kJ = et as,,-s-s2 fe (HL dS = OO v1 K pada proses irreversible dS>dQ/T, ada transfer entropi pd proses irreversible atau biasa dinyatakan : ada entropi yang digenerate karena irreversibilitas Sgen 2 5O,,, kJ a5,,=5-5= [res (#) Sygen = 0, proses reversible; Sgen > 0, proses irreversible a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi 6.3 Definisi HK Il Termodinamik (Isolated) a, 0, adiabatic Gi, ottued 2 isolated 1 T AS, 20 isolated “= Persamaan diatas merupakan definisi hk 2 termodinamika yang merupakan kenaikan entropi dan dinyatakan sebagai Total perubahan entropi pada sistem terisolasi selama proses selalu bertambah atau pada keadaan yang terbatas (reversible) tetap konstan a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entrapi Isolated system Fe boundary ° W Untuk sistem yang umum Soon = =AS,,+ > AS,,,, 20 gen total surr Total entropi yang digeneret = total perubahan entropi sistem dan lingkungan Soon harus selalu >= 0, sedangkan ASsys dan ASsur boleh < 0, asal Sgen>=0 >0 Irreversible processes Soon = AS. ‘gen Total =0 Reversible processes <0 Impossible processes 10 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi Beberapa catatan tentang entropi 1. Proses hanya dapat terjadi pada arah tertentu saja , sedemikian rupa sehingga Sgen >= 0 2. Entropi tidak dapat dikonservasi, sehingga entiopi alam selalu bertambah 3. Performasi dari sistem engineering terdegradasi karena adanya irreversibilitas yang terukur dari entropi yang digeneret 1 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi 6.4 Heat Transfer sebagai Area dibawah kuva T-S Untuk proses internally reversible ds =a 60, = Tas _- Internally T reversible > Process oe at=TaS Qua J Tas fj =60 Untuk proses isothermal reversible, T=T. 1 S, : AS=5,- = [Su - See lave -[ras- al ct } h | Untuk proses adiabatik reversible, Q=0 t 1 AS =S,-S,=0 S,=5, s S = S, dalam persatuan masa sa 12 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi Kenaikan entropi untuk sistem tertutup yang melakukan pertukaran kalor dengan lingkungan pada temperatur tetap Tsun secara prinsip dihitung berdasarkan persamaan entropi yang digeneret untuk sistem terisolasi Seen = ASweat = AS os +2 MSuunr 2 9 AS,,=(8,-S)o Yas. = Quer, sure 9 0 YAS in — owe Sey = AS yay = MS. 8) Jaye F Pere 5 9 T, sure System yon yea ster = ~ Qaer sys = O~ Qout ss) = ou. sys 13 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi 6. 5 Effek Heat Transfer pada Entropi misalkan heat tranfer antara dua heat reservoar (HR) Spon = ASwrat = AS + 21 AS ure 2 0 Sen = AS oa = ASipa@r + AS paar > One “2 +9 AS ys =j TT. AS ear or AS ye@r-ar ~ TAF S. = Sing = £ +2 AT—>0, Sgon —> 0 T T-AT proses reversible Soon = AS rye = 2 Ar “ T | (T-AT) 14 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi Example 6-3 Find the total entropy change, or entropy generation, for the transfer of 1000 kJ of heat energy from a heat reservoir at 1000 K to a heat reservoir at 500 K. -2 +0 Soon = AS iyo) = + HR ‘gen Total T T—AT T=1000 K —1000K7 1000K/ + 0-100 kI 1000K 500K kJ =(-142) z K T-AT = 500K KJ 15 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi 6.6 Hukum Ill Termodinamik Hukum ke fll menyatakan bahwa entropi untuk substansi kristal murni pada temperatur absolut zero adalah zero —> referensi Entropi sebagai properti Ekspresi entropi sebagai fungsi (P, v, Q, U) melalui Tds IQ . . oe men OO soy — Woe res, ou = AU Wor rev ou = PAV in =TdS TdS- PdV=dU Tds = du+ Pdv T ds = dh—vdP 16 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA Diagram T-s £ untuk Air BAB 6 Entropi Py ~ 7p) = yan Compressed liquid @ Superheated ‘vapor @ @ Saturated Jiquid—vapor mixture ae fi . 7 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi 18 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA Example 6-4 BAB 6 Entropi Find the entropy and/or temperature of steam at the following states: P T Region ski/(kg K) 5 MPa | 120°C 1 MPa = | 50°C 1.8 MPa | 400°C 40 kPa Quality, x = 0.9 40 kPa 7.1794 19 a ‘TF-205 TERMODINAMIKA BAB 6 Entropi T Region s Ki/keK 120°C Compressed Liquid 1.5233 and in the table 50°C Compressed liquid s = syat 50°C but = 0.7038 not in the table 400°C Superheated T Quality, x = 0.9 Saturated mixture Sp<8

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