INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC COLLEGE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SOSS)

TOPIC TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

MALAYSIAN STUDIES MQA 1231

PREPARED BY: SHAHNAZ SHAHIRA BINTI SHAIFUL BAHRI (CBA 111 007) SECTION 1

PREPARED FOR: MOHD KAMARUL AMREE B MD. SARKAM

SEM I 2011/2012

Table of Contents i.cover1 ii.table of content.2 iii.acknowledgment..3 iv.introduction..4-5 v.content review...6-10 vi.conclusion.11 vii.bibliography12 viii.appendix (attach the article)....13

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank everyone who had contributed to the successful completion of this project. I would like to express my gratitude to my lecturer,Sir Kamarul, for his invaluable advice, guidance and his enormous patience throughout the development of the research.

In addition, I would also like to express my gratitude to my loving parents and friends who had helped and given me encouragement for me to finish my Malaysian studies assignment.

Introduction

His name is Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra AlHaj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah. Tunku Abdul Rahman was born on February 8,1903,in Alor Setar,Kedah.Tunku was the twentieth child of Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah,the twenty-fifth ruler of Kedah, and Che Manjalara,the nSultan fourth wife. In 1919,at age 16,Tunku was awarded a scholarship to Cambridge University.He complete his undergraduate studies there in 1922,earning a Banchelor of Arts in Law and History. In 1926,Tunku returned to London and continued his study of Law at the Inner Temple as a regular student.In May of 1930,Tunku attempted the London bar exam,but did not pass, and in January 1931 he returned to Penang and joined the Kedah Civil Service.He soon transferred to Kulim,taking the position of Assistant District Officer.In Kulim,Tunku devoted much of his time to touring the district and getting to know the problems of the peasants who made up most of the population. In 1993,Tunku married Chong Ah Mei,a friends daughter who converted to Islam and became Lady Meriam.He

was also a Chief Minister of the Federation Of Malaya from 1955,and the countrys first Prime Minister from independence in 1957. He remainded as the Prime Minister after Sabah,Sarawak,abd Singapore joined the federation in 1963 to form Malaysia..He is widely known as Tunku (a princely title in Malaysia) and also called Bapa Kemerdekaan (Father of Independence) or Bapa Malaysia (Father of Malaysia).

Content review POLITICAL CAREER Padang Terap

In 1934, Tunku became District Officer of Padang Terap.Kuala Nerang, the capital city, was in the midst of a malaria epidemic. Tunku gave orders for a survey to be made of the swamps which bordered the town to obtain an estimate for draining them and applied to the State Secretariat for the necessary funds.Shortly after giving birth to Ahmad Nerang in 1935, Meriam contracted malaria and died due to an accidental injection of undilutedquinine.After her death,Tunku wrote again to the State Secretariat,asking that funds be made available to drain the swamps and to rid Kuala Nerang of the primary breeding place of the mosquitos carrying malaria.This time the money is provided and the work was carried out under Tunkus authority.

Langkawi In Alor Setar,there was an open sided marked building where villagers came to sell their fruits and vegetables.It was sometime knows as Pasar Yaacob because Tunku Yaacob,elder half-brother of Tunku, had founded before he war. Other people called it Pasar Rabu. Tunku located a vacant space near a house belonging to the Religious Affairs department and commissioned a carpenter to erect a shed with long sleeping platforms and could accommodate a hundred persons.Tunku paid for the building with his own money and

called it Rumah Miskin-Poor Mans House.This building provided a place for refugees to healp and recuperate so they could continue their journey home while others took their place.Rice was always plentiful in Kedah.

Early Career After finishing his graduation, Abdul Rahman served in the Kedah public service and was made the District Officer of Kulim and Sungai Petani. At that time, the colonial Malaya was totally dominated by the British officers, with the only exception of Abdul Rahman who was a Malaya and had concern for his fellow people of Malaya. The two could never come to terms and he often had to pay for it by loosing promotion to higher positions. However, the British Administration did not dare do anything against him, as he was a son of the Sultan and a price of Malaya. Few years later, Abdul went to England and stayed there briefly before finally returning to Malaya following the eruption of the World War II.

He continued his law studies at Inner Temple in 1947 and after admitted to bar in 1949, he returned to Malaya where he was appointed at the Legal Officers office in Alor Star in the same year. Further, he was made a Deputy Public Prosecutor in Kaula Lampur and president of the sessions court. Abdul Rahman was also a member of the United Malays National Organization, an organization struggling against Britains Malayan Union. In 1951, a conflict surfaced within the UMNO forcing its president Datuk onn Jaafar to resign and the person replacing him was Abdul Rahman, who eventually seized the position for the next twenty years.

Independence of Malaya Abdul Rahman began his campaign for Malayas independence in 1954. His initial efforts failed to achieve anything as the British Administration was averse to grant independence unless it was assured of the racial harmony and equality in a new independent Malaya. As President of the UMNO, Abdul Rahman consolidated a political alliance with the Malaya Chinese Association to form the Alliance Party and

later the Indian community Malayan Indian Association joined them in 1955. The coalition gained huge popularity among people though the UMNO members were initially reluctant to open the party to Chinese and Indian community. Abdul Rahman became the first Chief Minister of Malaya with the Alliance Party winning the first federal general election held in the same year. In 1955, he traveled to Japan, where he negotiated the Malaya Independence and 31 August 1957 was finally decided for its independence.

Premiership of Malaysia Malaya became Malaysia with the emergence of Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei in 1963. In 1961, Abdul Rahman called upon these states to form an amalgamation and was subsequently elected the first Prime Minister of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. However Singapores addition in the federal proved disastrous which increased the Chinese influx in the country. Abdul Rahman fearing, that Lee Kuan Yews Party could influence the voters in Malaya, started demanding Singapores exclusion from Malaysia. After endless clashes between Abdul Rahman and Lee Kuan, Singapore seceded and declared its Independence on 9 August 1965. Abdul Rahmans regime came to downfall in 1969, when the Alliance Party lost most of its support in the general election that year. Abdul Rahman lost its support from the people within UMNO who were highly critical of his headship and eventually, an emergency committee captured the country from Abdul Rahman and declared a state of emergency leaving him with no power. On 22 November 1970 Abdul Rahman resigned from the position of Prime Minister and subsequently from UMNO in 1971.

Other Activities In 1960, when he was still the Chief Minister, Abdul Rahman declared Islam the official religion of Malaysia and established the Islamic Welfare Organization (PERKIM) as a guiding body for Muslim converts. He became the president of PERKIM and served until a year before his death. As President of PERKIM, he organized the first International Quran Recital Competition in 1961.

Abdul Rahman played a key role when the Organization of Islamic Conference was established in 1969 and served as its first Secretary-General. He was a co founder of the Islamic Development Bank and President of the Regional Islamic Dawah Council of South East Asia and the Pacific (RISEAP), serving from 1982 till 1988. However he declared Islam the official religion of Malaysia, he stuck to his idea of running Malaysia as a secular country where people of different beliefs and religion lived and worked together.

An enthusiastic sportsman himself, Abdul Rahman promoted many sports events in Malaysia, viewing is a medium to bring people of different race and religion together. He started an international football tournament in 1957 and was elected as the first president of Asian Football Confederation in the next year in 1958. He had a passion for horse racing and was a member of the Selangor Turf Club.

Later Life & Death In 1977, Abdul Rahman became the chairman of The Star, a newspaper which was banned in 1987 by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad because of its provoking columns that were harshly critical of the Malaysias government. Following a rift with in UMNO, he unsuccessfully tried to establish a new party UMNO Malaysia. In the general election of 1900, Abdul Rahman actively participated and widely campaigned against Mahathir Mohamad despite his worsening health. He died on 6 December 1990, aged eighty seven and his body was buried at the Langgar Royal Mausoleum in Alor Star.

Family & Children Abdul Rahman is believed to have at least four marriages in which only three are officially confirmed. His first wife was Meriam Ching, a Chinese woman who gave birth to two children Tunku Khadijah and Tunku Ahmad Nerang. After her death, Abdul married Violet Coulson, his former landlady in England. He divorced her and married Sharifah Rodziah Syed Alwi Barakbah and the couple adopted four children Sulaiman,

Mariam, Sharifah Hanizah and Faridah. His fourth marriage to a Chinese woman Bibi Chong remained secret with whom; he had two daughters Tunku Noor Hayati and Tunku Mastura.

Timeline: 1903- Abdul Rahman was born on 8 February 1903. 1909- Abdul was sent to a Malay Primary School in 1909. 1911- Abdul was sent to Debsirin School in Bangkok. 1918- He enrolled at St. Catharines College in Cambridge University. 1925- He graduated with a bachelor degree in Arts in 1925. 1949- Abdul Rahman was admitted to bar in 1949. 1951- He was made the president of UMNO. 1954- Abdul Rahman began his campaign for Malayas independence in 1954. 1955- Abdul Rahman became the first Chief Minister of Malaya. 1957- Malaya was declared independent on 31 August. 1957- He started an international football tournament in 1957. 1958- He was elected as the first president of Asian Football Confederation. 1960- Abdul Rahman declared Islam the official religion of Malaysia. 1960- He established the Islamic Welfare Organization (PERKIM). 1963- Malaya became Malaysia in 1963. 1963- Abdul Rahman became the first Prime Minister of Malaysia. 1965- Singapore seceded and declared its Independence on 9 August 1965. 1970- Abdul Rahman resigned from the position of Prime Minister on 22 November. 1971- He resigned from the presidency of UMNO. 1977- Abdul Rahman became the chairman of The Star. 1982- He became the president of the Regional Islamic Dawah Council of South East Asia and the Pacific (RISEAP). 1987- The Star was banned in 1987. 1990- Abdul Rahman died on 6 December 1990

Conclusion

Name : Tunku Abdul Rahman AlHaj Ibni Almarhum Prince Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah.

Born : 08 February 1903, in Palace Three-storey, Alor Setar (Istana Pagoda).

Education : 1911 - Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid Alor Setar. 1916 - Penang Free School, Penang. 1925 - Lulus B.A. from University Cambridge. 1945 - Lulus LLB, from Inner Temple, London.

Career : 1946 - Work with Kedah government as D.O. (Pegawai Daerah) Langkawi,Kulim and Sungai Petani, (before pass LLB). Appointed RAYA KLProsecutor's Assistant and Session Selangor court President. 1951 - Appointed UMNO President and labour full-time for UMNO. 1956 - Independent delegation to London. 1957 - Merdeka. First Prime Minister. 1962 - Delegation to London - Malaysia Idea. 1963 - Gagasan Malaysia - 16.09.1963. 1970 - Retire from politics. 06 December 1990 Tunku passed away. All Negara mourning on Almarhum departure. Whole world send Ucap Takziah. On Almarhum will,corpse laid to rest in Makam Di Raja Langgar.

Bibliography
1. Biodata Tokoh: Biodata Tokoh: Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra AlHaj biodata-tokoh.blogspot.com/.../biodata-tokoh-tunku-abdul-rahman2. Tunku Abdul Rahman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman 3. Tunku Abdul Rahman www.perdana.org.my/index.php?option=com_content...

Appendix