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Material For Implant

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Mohsin Habib
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113 views

Material For Implant

Uploaded by

Mohsin Habib
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History and Present status of Implant Dentistry

Trakol Mekayarajjananonth, D.D.S., M.S., F.A.C.P.

Ancient Implants

16 th

Dark stone ( Egyptian-South American) Carved ivory teeth

17 th

Early Implants
1809 Gold implant e.20th Lead, iridium, tantalum, stainless steel, and cobalt alloy 1913 hollow basket iridium + gold wires (Greenfield)

Early Implants
1937 Adamss submergible threaded cylindrical implant with round bottom 1938 Strocks (long term) threaded vitallium implant (cobalt+chrome+molybdenum) The modern implants appear to be variants or composites of some of the designs of early implants

Subperiosteal Implants
Placing implants on and around bone rather than in it 1943 Dahl of Sweden placed with 4 projecting posts Direct bone impression Cobalt-chrome-molybdenum casting CT-generated CAD-CAM model

One-stage pins and screws


Early 1960s pin, screw, and cylinder shaped implants One piece and not submerged Did not osseo-integration Fibrous peri-implant membrane Shock-absorbing claim

Blade Implants
1967 Linkow blade implant-in narrow ridge Required shared support with natural teeth 1970 Roberts and Roberts Ramus blade implant (titanium)

Transosteal Implants
1975 Small introduced transosteal mandibular staple bone plate Limited to mandible only

Transosteal Implants
1970 1989 Cranin - single transosteal implant Bosker transmandibular implant

The First Dental Implant Consensus Conference, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Harvard University in 1978, was a landmark event. Dental Implants: Benefits and Risks

The Toronto Conference opened the door to prompt widespread recognition of the Branemark implant. The discovery of osseointegration has been one of the most significant scientific break throughs in dentistry.

Endosteal root-form implants


1978 Two-stage threaded titanium rootform implant was first presented in North America by Branemark (Toronto conference) Terms fixture First fixture was placed in 1965 Well-documented, long term prospective study

Present Status
Three Basic: In Bone Through Bone On Bone

In Bone
1. Ramus concepts (Harold and Ralph Roberts) 2. Pin concepts (J. Scialom Michelle Chercheve) 3. Disk concepts (Gerard Scorteci) 4. Plateform concepts (Harold + Roberts/Linkow) 5. Cylindrical or root form concepts

Present Status
Many other root-forms have been introduced. Body shaped competition Surface competition roughness Varieties competition Connection competition

Material for Implant


Trakol Mekayarajjananonth DDS, MS, FACP

Dental Implants
Implant material should have suitable mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and structural biostability in physiologic environments.

Dental Implants
The development of biomaterials sciences has resulted in classification schemes for implantable materials according to chemical composition and biologic response.

Biologic classification
Based on tissue response and systemic toxicity effects of the implant Biotolerant Bioinert Bioactive

Long term effects


Biotolerant materials, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), are usually characterized by thin fibrous tissue interface. Chemical product irritate surrounding tissues.

Long term effects


Bioinert materials, such as titanium and aluminum oxide, are characterized by direct bone contact, or osseointegration, at the interface under favorable mechanical conditions. Non-reactive

Long term effects


Bioactive materials, such as glass and calcium phosphate ceramics, have a bone-implant interface characterized by direct chemical bonding of the implant with surrounding bone. Free calcium and phosphate compounds at the surface.

Tissue response to implant materials


Most commonly used biomaterials: Commercially pure (CP) titanium Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti6Al-4V) Cobalt-chromium-molydenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy is most used for subperiosteal implants.

Tissue response to implant materials


Calcium phosphate ceramics, Hydroxyapatite (HA), used for augmentation material or coating on surface.

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