Standard Normal (Z) Table

Area between 0 and z

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633

1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
To index

Student's t Table
t table with right tail probabilities

df\p

0.40

0.25

0.10

0.05

0.025

0.01

0.005

0.0005

0.324920 1.000000 3.077684 6.313752 12.70620 31.82052 63.65674 636.6192

0.288675 0.816497 1.885618 2.919986 4.30265

6.96456

9.92484

31.5991

0.276671 0.764892 1.637744 2.353363 3.18245

4.54070

5.84091

12.9240

0.270722 0.740697 1.533206 2.131847 2.77645

3.74695

4.60409

8.6103

0.267181 0.726687 1.475884 2.015048 2.57058

3.36493

4.03214

6.8688

0.264835 0.717558 1.439756 1.943180 2.44691

3.14267

3.70743

5.9588

0.263167 0.711142 1.414924 1.894579 2.36462

2.99795

3.49948

5.4079

0.261921 0.706387 1.396815 1.859548 2.30600

2.89646

3.35539

5.0413

0.260955 0.702722 1.383029 1.833113 2.26216

2.82144

3.24984

4.7809

10

0.260185 0.699812 1.372184 1.812461 2.22814

2.76377

3.16927

4.5869

11

0.259556 0.697445 1.363430 1.795885 2.20099

2.71808

3.10581

4.4370

12

0.259033 0.695483 1.356217 1.782288 2.17881

2.68100

3.05454

4.3178

13

0.258591 0.693829 1.350171 1.770933 2.16037

2.65031

3.01228

4.2208

14

0.258213 0.692417 1.345030 1.761310 2.14479

2.62449

2.97684

4.1405

15

0.257885 0.691197 1.340606 1.753050 2.13145

2.60248

2.94671

4.0728

16

0.257599 0.690132 1.336757 1.745884 2.11991

2.58349

2.92078

4.0150

17

0.257347 0.689195 1.333379 1.739607 2.10982

2.56693

2.89823

3.9651

18

0.257123 0.688364 1.330391 1.734064 2.10092

2.55238

2.87844

3.9216

19

0.256923 0.687621 1.327728 1.729133 2.09302

2.53948

2.86093

3.8834

20

0.256743 0.686954 1.325341 1.724718 2.08596

2.52798

2.84534

3.8495

21

0.256580 0.686352 1.323188 1.720743 2.07961

2.51765

2.83136

3.8193

22

0.256432 0.685805 1.321237 1.717144 2.07387

2.50832

2.81876

3.7921

23

0.256297 0.685306 1.319460 1.713872 2.06866

2.49987

2.80734

3.7676

24

0.256173 0.684850 1.317836 1.710882 2.06390

2.49216

2.79694

3.7454

25

0.256060 0.684430 1.316345 1.708141 2.05954

2.48511

2.78744

3.7251

26

0.255955 0.684043 1.314972 1.705618 2.05553

2.47863

2.77871

3.7066

27

0.255858 0.683685 1.313703 1.703288 2.05183

2.47266

2.77068

3.6896

28

0.255768 0.683353 1.312527 1.701131 2.04841

2.46714

2.76326

3.6739

29

0.255684 0.683044 1.311434 1.699127 2.04523

2.46202

2.75639

3.6594

30

0.255605 0.682756 1.310415 1.697261 2.04227

2.45726

2.75000

3.6460

inf

0.253347 0.674490 1.281552 1.644854 1.95996

2.32635

2.57583

3.2905
To index

Chi-Square Table
Right tail areas for the Chi-square Distribution

df\area

.995

.990

.975

.950

.900

.750

.500

.250

.100

.050

.025

.010

.005

0.00004 0.00016 0.00098 0.00393 0.01579 0.10153 0.45494 1.32330 2.70554 3.84146 5.02389 6.63490 7.87944

0.01003 0.02010 0.05064 0.10259 0.21072 0.57536 1.38629 2.77259 4.60517 5.99146 7.37776 9.21034 10.59663

0.07172 0.11483 0.21580 0.35185 0.58437 1.21253 2.36597 4.10834 6.25139 7.81473 9.34840 11.34487 12.83816

0.20699 0.29711 0.48442 0.71072 1.06362 1.92256 3.35669 5.38527 7.77944 9.48773 11.14329 13.27670 14.86026

0.41174 0.55430 0.83121 1.14548 1.61031 2.67460 4.35146 6.62568 9.23636 11.07050 12.83250 15.08627 16.74960

0.67573 0.87209 1.23734 1.63538 2.20413 3.45460 5.34812 7.84080 10.64464 12.59159 14.44938 16.81189 18.54758

0.98926 1.23904 1.68987 2.16735 2.83311 4.25485 6.34581 9.03715 12.01704 14.06714 16.01276 18.47531 20.27774

1.34441 1.64650 2.17973 2.73264 3.48954 5.07064 7.34412 10.21885 13.36157 15.50731 17.53455 20.09024 21.95495

1.73493 2.08790 2.70039 3.32511 4.16816 5.89883 8.34283 11.38875 14.68366 16.91898 19.02277 21.66599 23.58935

10

2.15586 2.55821 3.24697 3.94030 4.86518 6.73720 9.34182 12.54886 15.98718 18.30704 20.48318 23.20925 25.18818

11

2.60322 3.05348 3.81575 4.57481 5.57778 7.58414 10.34100 13.70069 17.27501 19.67514 21.92005 24.72497 26.75685

12

3.07382 3.57057 4.40379 5.22603 6.30380 8.43842 11.34032 14.84540 18.54935 21.02607 23.33666 26.21697 28.29952

13

3.56503 4.10692 5.00875 5.89186 7.04150 9.29907 12.33976 15.98391 19.81193 22.36203 24.73560 27.68825 29.81947

14

4.07467 4.66043 5.62873 6.57063 7.78953 10.16531 13.33927 17.11693 21.06414 23.68479 26.11895 29.14124 31.31935

15

4.60092 5.22935 6.26214 7.26094 8.54676 11.03654 14.33886 18.24509 22.30713 24.99579 27.48839 30.57791 32.80132

16

5.14221 5.81221 6.90766 7.96165 9.31224 11.91222 15.33850 19.36886 23.54183 26.29623 28.84535 31.99993 34.26719

17

5.69722 6.40776 7.56419 8.67176 10.08519 12.79193 16.33818 20.48868 24.76904 27.58711 30.19101 33.40866 35.71847

18

6.26480 7.01491 8.23075 9.39046 10.86494 13.67529 17.33790 21.60489 25.98942 28.86930 31.52638 34.80531 37.15645

19

6.84397 7.63273 8.90652 10.11701 11.65091 14.56200 18.33765 22.71781 27.20357 30.14353 32.85233 36.19087 38.58226

20

7.43384 8.26040 9.59078 10.85081 12.44261 15.45177 19.33743 23.82769 28.41198 31.41043 34.16961 37.56623 39.99685

21

8.03365 8.89720 10.28290 11.59131 13.23960 16.34438 20.33723 24.93478 29.61509 32.67057 35.47888 38.93217 41.40106

22

8.64272 9.54249 10.98232 12.33801 14.04149 17.23962 21.33704 26.03927 30.81328 33.92444 36.78071 40.28936 42.79565

23

9.26042 10.19572 11.68855 13.09051 14.84796 18.13730 22.33688 27.14134 32.00690 35.17246 38.07563 41.63840 44.18128

24

9.88623 10.85636 12.40115 13.84843 15.65868 19.03725 23.33673 28.24115 33.19624 36.41503 39.36408 42.97982 45.55851

25

10.51965 11.52398 13.11972 14.61141 16.47341 19.93934 24.33659 29.33885 34.38159 37.65248 40.64647 44.31410 46.92789

26

11.16024 12.19815 13.84390 15.37916 17.29188 20.84343 25.33646 30.43457 35.56317 38.88514 41.92317 45.64168 48.28988

27

11.80759 12.87850 14.57338 16.15140 18.11390 21.74940 26.33634 31.52841 36.74122 40.11327 43.19451 46.96294 49.64492

28

12.46134 13.56471 15.30786 16.92788 18.93924 22.65716 27.33623 32.62049 37.91592 41.33714 44.46079 48.27824 50.99338

29

13.12115 14.25645 16.04707 17.70837 19.76774 23.56659 28.33613 33.71091 39.08747 42.55697 45.72229 49.58788 52.33562

30

13.78672 14.95346 16.79077 18.49266 20.59923 24.47761 29.33603 34.79974 40.25602 43.77297 46.97924 50.89218 53.67196
To index

F Distribution Tables
F Table for alpha=.10
5

df2/d
f1

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

60

120

INF

39.863 49.500 53.593 55.832 57.240 58.204 58.905 59.438 59.857 60.194 60.705 61.220 61.740 62.002 62.264 62.529 62.794 63.060 63.328
46
00
24
96
08
42
95
98
59
98
21
34
29
05
97
05
28
64
12

8.5263 9.0000 9.1617 9.2434 9.2926 9.3255 9.3490 9.3667 9.3805 9.3915 9.4081 9.4247 9.4413 9.4496 9.4579 9.4662 9.4745 9.4828 9.4912
2
0
9
2
3
3
8
7
4
7
3
1
1
2
3
4
6
9
2

5.5383 5.4623 5.3907 5.3426 5.3091 5.2847 5.2661 5.2516 5.2400 5.2304 5.2156 5.2003 5.1844 5.1763 5.1681 5.1597 5.1511 5.1425 5.1337
2
8
7
4
6
3
9
7
0
1
2
1
8
6
1
2
9
1
0

4.5447 4.3245 4.1908 4.1072 4.0505 4.0097 3.9789 3.9549 3.9356 3.9198 3.8955 3.8703 3.8443 3.8309 3.8174 3.8036 3.7895 3.7752 3.7607
7
6
6
5
8
5
7
4
7
8
3
6
4
9
2
1
7
7
3

4.0604 3.7797 3.6194 3.5202 3.4529 3.4045 3.3679 3.3392 3.3162 3.2974 3.2682 3.2380 3.2066 3.1905 3.1740 3.1573 3.1402 3.1227 3.1050
2
2
8
0
8
1
0
8
8
0
4
1
5
2
8
2
3
9
0

3.7759 3.4633 3.2887 3.1807 3.1075 3.0545 3.0144 2.9830 2.9577 2.9369 2.9047 2.8712 2.8363 2.8183 2.7999 2.7811 2.7619 2.7422 2.7221
5
0
6
6
1
5
6
4
4
3
2
2
4
4
6
7
5
9
6

3.5894 3.2574 3.0740 2.9605 2.8833 2.8273 2.7849 2.7515 2.7246 2.7025 2.6681 2.6322 2.5947 2.5753 2.5554 2.5351 2.5142 2.4927 2.4707
3
4
7
3
4
9
3
8
8
1
1
3
3
3
6
0
2
9
9

3.4579 3.1131 2.9238 2.8064 2.7264 2.6683 2.6241 2.5893 2.5612 2.5380 2.5019 2.4642 2.4246 2.4041 2.3830 2.3613 2.3391 2.3161 2.2925
2
2
0
3
5
3
3
5
4
4
6
2
4
0
2
6
0
8
7

3.3603 3.0064 2.8128 2.6926 2.6106 2.5508 2.5053 2.4694 2.4403 2.4163 2.3788 2.3396 2.2983 2.2768 2.2547 2.2319 2.2084 2.1842 2.1592
0
5
6
8
1
6
1
1
4
2
8
2
2
3
2
6
9
7
3

10

3.2850 2.9244 2.7276 2.6053 2.5216 2.4605 2.4139 2.3771 2.3473 2.3226 2.2840 2.2435 2.2007 2.1784 2.1554 2.1316 2.1071 2.0817 2.0554
2
7
7
4
4
8
7
5
1
0
5
1
4
3
3
9
6
6
2

11

3.2252 2.8595 2.6602 2.5361 2.4511 2.3890 2.3415 2.3040 2.2735 2.2482 2.2087 2.1670 2.1230 2.1000 2.0762 2.0516 2.0261 1.9996 1.9721
0
1
3
9
8
7
7
0
0
3
3
9
5
1
1
1
2
5
1

12

3.1765 2.8068 2.6055 2.4801 2.3940 2.3310 2.2827 2.2445 2.2135 2.1877 2.1474 2.1048 2.0596 2.0359 2.0114 1.9861 1.9597 1.9322 1.9036
5
0
2
0
2
2
8
7
2
6
4
5
8
9
9
0
3
8
1

13

3.1362 2.7631 2.5602 2.4337 2.3467 2.2829 2.2341 2.1953 2.1638 2.1376 2.0965 2.0531 2.0069 1.9827 1.9575 1.9314 1.9042 1.8759 1.8462
1
7
7
1
2
8
0
5
2
3
9
6
8
2
7
7
9
1
0

14

3.1022 2.7264 2.5222 2.3946 2.3069 2.2425 2.1931 2.1539 2.1219 2.0954 2.0537 2.0095 1.9624 1.9376 1.9119 1.8851 1.8572 1.8280 1.7972
1
7
2
9
4
6
3
0
5
0
1
3
5
6
3
6
3
0
8

15

3.0731 2.6951 2.4897 2.3614 2.2730 2.2080 2.1581 2.1185 2.0862 2.0593 2.0170 1.9722 1.9243 1.8990 1.8727 1.8453 1.8167 1.7867 1.7550
9
7
9
3
2
8
8
3
1
2
7
2
1
4
7
9
6
2
5

16

3.0481 2.6681 2.4618 2.3327 2.2437 2.1783 2.1280 2.0879 2.0553 2.0281 1.9853 1.9399 1.8912 1.8655 1.8387 1.8108 1.7815 1.7507 1.7181
1
7
1
4
6
3
0
8
3
5
9
2
7
6
9
4
6
5
7

17

3.0262 2.6446 2.4374 2.3077 2.2182 2.1523 2.1016 2.0613 2.0283 2.0009 1.9577 1.9116 1.8623 1.8362 1.8090 1.7805 1.7506 1.7190 1.6856
3
4
3
5
5
9
9
4
9
4
2
9
6
4
1
3
3
9
4

18

3.0069 2.6239 2.4160 2.2857 2.1958 2.1295 2.0785 2.0378 2.0046 1.9769 1.9333 1.8868 1.8368 1.8103 1.7826 1.7537 1.7232 1.6909 1.6567
8
5
1
7
3
8
4
9
7
8
4
1
5
5
9
1
2
9
1

19

2.9899 2.6056 2.3970 2.2663 2.1759 2.1093 2.0580 2.0171 1.9836 1.9557 1.9117 1.8647 1.8141 1.7873 1.7592 1.7297 1.6987 1.6658 1.6307
0
1
2
0
6
6
2
0
4
3
0
1
6
1
4
9
6
7
7

20

2.9746 2.5892 2.3800 2.2489 2.1582 2.0913 2.0397 1.9985 1.9648 1.9367 1.8923 1.8449 1.7938 1.7666 1.7382 1.7083 1.6767 1.6432 1.6073
5
5
9
3
3
2
0
3
5
4
6
4
4
7
2
3
8
6
8

21

2.9609 2.5745 2.3648 2.2333 2.1423 2.0751 2.0232 1.9818 1.9479 1.9196 1.8749 1.8271 1.7755 1.7480 1.7192 1.6889 1.6569 1.6227 1.5861
6
7
9
4
1
2
5
6
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
6
1
8
5

22

2.9485 2.5613 2.3511 2.2192 2.1279 2.0605 2.0084 1.9668 1.9327 1.9042 1.8592 1.8110 1.7589 1.7312 1.7020 1.6713 1.6388 1.6041 1.5667
8
1
7
7
4
0
0
0
3
5
5
6
9
2
8
8
5
5
8

23

2.9373 2.5492 2.3387 2.2065 2.1149 2.0472 1.9949 1.9531 1.9188 1.8902 1.8449 1.7964 1.7439 1.7158 1.6864 1.6553 1.6223 1.5871 1.5490
6
9
3
1
1
3
2
2
8
5
7
3
2
8
3
5
7
1
3

24

2.9271 2.5383 2.3273 2.1948 2.1030 2.0351 1.9826 1.9406 1.9062 1.8774 1.8319 1.7830 1.7301 1.7018 1.6721 1.6406 1.6072 1.5714 1.5327
2
3
9
8
3
3
3
6
5
8
4
8
5
5
0
7
6
6
0

25

2.9177 2.5283 2.3170 2.1842 2.0921 2.0240 1.9713 1.9292 1.8946 1.8657 1.8200 1.7708 1.7175 1.6889 1.6589 1.6271 1.5933 1.5570 1.5176
4
1
2
4
6
6
8
5
9
8
0
3
2
8
5
8
5
3
0

26

2.9091 2.5191 2.3074 2.1744 2.0821 2.0138 1.9610 1.9187 1.8840 1.8550 1.8090 1.7595 1.7058 1.6771 1.6468 1.6147 1.5805 1.5436 1.5036
3
0
9
7
8
9
4
6
7
3
2
7
9
2
2
2
0
8
0

27

2.9011 2.5106 2.2987 2.1654 2.0729 2.0045 1.9515 1.9090 1.8742 1.8451 1.7988 1.7491 1.6951 1.6661 1.6356 1.6032 1.5685 1.5312 1.4905
9
1
1
6
8
2
1
9
7
1
9
7
4
6
0
0
9
9
7

28

2.8938 2.5027 2.2906 2.1571 2.0644 1.9958 1.9427 1.9001 1.8652 1.8359 1.7895 1.7395 1.6851 1.6560 1.6251 1.5925 1.5575 1.5197 1.4784
5
6
0
4
7
5
0
4
0
3
1
4
9
0
9
0
3
6
1

29

2.8870 2.4954 2.2830 2.1494 2.0565 1.9878 1.9345 1.8918 1.8567 1.8274 1.7808 1.7306 1.6759 1.6465 1.6155 1.5825 1.5472 1.5089 1.4670
3
8
7
1
8
1
2
4
9
1
1
0
3
5
1
3
1
9
4

30

2.8806 2.4887 2.2760 2.1422 2.0492 1.9803 1.9269 1.8841 1.8489 1.8194 1.7727 1.7222 1.6673 1.6377 1.6064 1.5732 1.5375 1.4989 1.4563
9
2
7
3
5
3
2
2
6
9
0
7
1
4
8
3
7
1
6

40

2.8353 2.4403 2.2260 2.0909 1.9968 1.9268 1.8725 1.8288 1.7929 1.7626 1.7145 1.6624 1.6051 1.5741 1.5410 1.5056 1.4671 1.4247 1.3769
5
7
9
5
2
8
2
6
0
9
6
1
5
1
8
2
6
6
1

60

2.7910 2.3932 2.1774 2.0409 1.9457 1.8747 1.8193 1.7748 1.7380 1.7070 1.6574 1.6033 1.5434 1.5107 1.4755 1.4373 1.3952 1.3475 1.2914
7
5
1
9
1
2
9
3
2
1
3
7
9
2
4
4
0
7
6

120

2.7478 2.3473 2.1299 1.9923 1.8958 1.8238 1.7674 1.7219 1.6842 1.6523 1.6012 1.5450 1.4820 1.4472 1.4093 1.3676 1.3203 1.2645 1.1925
1
4
9
0
7
1
8
6
5
8
0
0
7
3
8
0
4
7
6

To index

inf

2.7055 2.3025 2.0838 1.9448 1.8472 1.7741 1.7167 1.6702 1.6315 1.5987 1.5457 1.4871 1.4206 1.3831 1.3418 1.2951 1.2399 1.1686 1.0000
4
9
0
6
7
1
2
0
2
2
8
4
0
8
7
3
5
0
0

F Table for alpha=.05

df2/d
f1

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

60

120

INF

161.44 199.50 215.70 224.58 230.16 233.98 236.76 238.88 240.54 241.88 243.90 245.94 248.01 249.05 250.09 251.14 252.19 253.25 254.31
76
00
73
32
19
60
84
27
33
17
60
99
31
18
51
32
57
29
44

18.512 19.000 19.164 19.246 19.296 19.329 19.353 19.371 19.384 19.395 19.412 19.429 19.445 19.454 19.462 19.470 19.479 19.487 19.495
8
0
3
8
4
5
2
0
8
9
5
1
8
1
4
7
1
4
7

10.128
9.5521 9.2766 9.1172 9.0135 8.9406 8.8867 8.8452 8.8123 8.7855 8.7446 8.7029 8.6602 8.6385 8.6166 8.5944 8.5720 8.5494 8.5264
0

7.7086 6.9443 6.5914 6.3882 6.2561 6.1631 6.0942 6.0410 5.9988 5.9644 5.9117 5.8578 5.8025 5.7744 5.7459 5.7170 5.6877 5.6581 5.6281

6.6079 5.7861 5.4095 5.1922 5.0503 4.9503 4.8759 4.8183 4.7725 4.7351 4.6777 4.6188 4.5581 4.5272 4.4957 4.4638 4.4314 4.3985 4.3650

5.9874 5.1433 4.7571 4.5337 4.3874 4.2839 4.2067 4.1468 4.0990 4.0600 3.9999 3.9381 3.8742 3.8415 3.8082 3.7743 3.7398 3.7047 3.6689

5.5914 4.7374 4.3468 4.1203 3.9715 3.8660 3.7870 3.7257 3.6767 3.6365 3.5747 3.5107 3.4445 3.4105 3.3758 3.3404 3.3043 3.2674 3.2298

5.3177 4.4590 4.0662 3.8379 3.6875 3.5806 3.5005 3.4381 3.3881 3.3472 3.2839 3.2184 3.1503 3.1152 3.0794 3.0428 3.0053 2.9669 2.9276

5.1174 4.2565 3.8625 3.6331 3.4817 3.3738 3.2927 3.2296 3.1789 3.1373 3.0729 3.0061 2.9365 2.9005 2.8637 2.8259 2.7872 2.7475 2.7067

10

4.9646 4.1028 3.7083 3.4780 3.3258 3.2172 3.1355 3.0717 3.0204 2.9782 2.9130 2.8450 2.7740 2.7372 2.6996 2.6609 2.6211 2.5801 2.5379

11

4.8443 3.9823 3.5874 3.3567 3.2039 3.0946 3.0123 2.9480 2.8962 2.8536 2.7876 2.7186 2.6464 2.6090 2.5705 2.5309 2.4901 2.4480 2.4045

12

4.7472 3.8853 3.4903 3.2592 3.1059 2.9961 2.9134 2.8486 2.7964 2.7534 2.6866 2.6169 2.5436 2.5055 2.4663 2.4259 2.3842 2.3410 2.2962

13

4.6672 3.8056 3.4105 3.1791 3.0254 2.9153 2.8321 2.7669 2.7144 2.6710 2.6037 2.5331 2.4589 2.4202 2.3803 2.3392 2.2966 2.2524 2.2064

14

4.6001 3.7389 3.3439 3.1122 2.9582 2.8477 2.7642 2.6987 2.6458 2.6022 2.5342 2.4630 2.3879 2.3487 2.3082 2.2664 2.2229 2.1778 2.1307

15

4.5431 3.6823 3.2874 3.0556 2.9013 2.7905 2.7066 2.6408 2.5876 2.5437 2.4753 2.4034 2.3275 2.2878 2.2468 2.2043 2.1601 2.1141 2.0658

16

4.4940 3.6337 3.2389 3.0069 2.8524 2.7413 2.6572 2.5911 2.5377 2.4935 2.4247 2.3522 2.2756 2.2354 2.1938 2.1507 2.1058 2.0589 2.0096

17

4.4513 3.5915 3.1968 2.9647 2.8100 2.6987 2.6143 2.5480 2.4943 2.4499 2.3807 2.3077 2.2304 2.1898 2.1477 2.1040 2.0584 2.0107 1.9604

18

4.4139 3.5546 3.1599 2.9277 2.7729 2.6613 2.5767 2.5102 2.4563 2.4117 2.3421 2.2686 2.1906 2.1497 2.1071 2.0629 2.0166 1.9681 1.9168

19

4.3807 3.5219 3.1274 2.8951 2.7401 2.6283 2.5435 2.4768 2.4227 2.3779 2.3080 2.2341 2.1555 2.1141 2.0712 2.0264 1.9795 1.9302 1.8780

20

4.3512 3.4928 3.0984 2.8661 2.7109 2.5990 2.5140 2.4471 2.3928 2.3479 2.2776 2.2033 2.1242 2.0825 2.0391 1.9938 1.9464 1.8963 1.8432

21

4.3248 3.4668 3.0725 2.8401 2.6848 2.5727 2.4876 2.4205 2.3660 2.3210 2.2504 2.1757 2.0960 2.0540 2.0102 1.9645 1.9165 1.8657 1.8117

22

4.3009 3.4434 3.0491 2.8167 2.6613 2.5491 2.4638 2.3965 2.3419 2.2967 2.2258 2.1508 2.0707 2.0283 1.9842 1.9380 1.8894 1.8380 1.7831

23

4.2793 3.4221 3.0280 2.7955 2.6400 2.5277 2.4422 2.3748 2.3201 2.2747 2.2036 2.1282 2.0476 2.0050 1.9605 1.9139 1.8648 1.8128 1.7570

24

4.2597 3.4028 3.0088 2.7763 2.6207 2.5082 2.4226 2.3551 2.3002 2.2547 2.1834 2.1077 2.0267 1.9838 1.9390 1.8920 1.8424 1.7896 1.7330

25

4.2417 3.3852 2.9912 2.7587 2.6030 2.4904 2.4047 2.3371 2.2821 2.2365 2.1649 2.0889 2.0075 1.9643 1.9192 1.8718 1.8217 1.7684 1.7110

26

4.2252 3.3690 2.9752 2.7426 2.5868 2.4741 2.3883 2.3205 2.2655 2.2197 2.1479 2.0716 1.9898 1.9464 1.9010 1.8533 1.8027 1.7488 1.6906

27

4.2100 3.3541 2.9604 2.7278 2.5719 2.4591 2.3732 2.3053 2.2501 2.2043 2.1323 2.0558 1.9736 1.9299 1.8842 1.8361 1.7851 1.7306 1.6717

28

4.1960 3.3404 2.9467 2.7141 2.5581 2.4453 2.3593 2.2913 2.2360 2.1900 2.1179 2.0411 1.9586 1.9147 1.8687 1.8203 1.7689 1.7138 1.6541

29

4.1830 3.3277 2.9340 2.7014 2.5454 2.4324 2.3463 2.2783 2.2229 2.1768 2.1045 2.0275 1.9446 1.9005 1.8543 1.8055 1.7537 1.6981 1.6376

30

4.1709 3.3158 2.9223 2.6896 2.5336 2.4205 2.3343 2.2662 2.2107 2.1646 2.0921 2.0148 1.9317 1.8874 1.8409 1.7918 1.7396 1.6835 1.6223

40

4.0847 3.2317 2.8387 2.6060 2.4495 2.3359 2.2490 2.1802 2.1240 2.0772 2.0035 1.9245 1.8389 1.7929 1.7444 1.6928 1.6373 1.5766 1.5089

60

4.0012 3.1504 2.7581 2.5252 2.3683 2.2541 2.1665 2.0970 2.0401 1.9926 1.9174 1.8364 1.7480 1.7001 1.6491 1.5943 1.5343 1.4673 1.3893

120

3.9201 3.0718 2.6802 2.4472 2.2899 2.1750 2.0868 2.0164 1.9588 1.9105 1.8337 1.7505 1.6587 1.6084 1.5543 1.4952 1.4290 1.3519 1.2539
To index

inf

3.8415 2.9957 2.6049 2.3719 2.2141 2.0986 2.0096 1.9384 1.8799 1.8307 1.7522 1.6664 1.5705 1.5173 1.4591 1.3940 1.3180 1.2214 1.0000

F Table for alpha=.025

df2/d
f1

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

60

120

INF

647.78 799.50 864.16 899.58 921.84 937.11 948.21 956.65 963.28 968.62 976.70 984.86 993.10 997.24 1001.4 1005.5 1009.8 1014.0 1018.2
90
00
30
33
79
11
69
62
46
74
79
68
28
92
14
98
00
20
58

38.506 39.000 39.165 39.248 39.298 39.331 39.355 39.373 39.386 39.398 39.414 39.431 39.447 39.456
39.465 39.473 39.481 39.490 39.498
3
0
5
4
2
5
2
0
9
0
6
3
9
2

17.443 16.044 15.439 15.101 14.884 14.734 14.624 14.539 14.473 14.418 14.336 14.252 14.167 14.124
14.081 14.037 13.992 13.947 13.902
4
1
2
0
8
7
4
9
1
9
6
7
4
1

12.217 10.649
9.9792 9.6045 9.3645 9.1973 9.0741 8.9796 8.9047 8.8439 8.7512 8.6565 8.5599 8.5109
9
1

8.461

8.411

8.360

8.309

8.257

10.007
8.4336 7.7636 7.3879 7.1464 6.9777 6.8531 6.7572 6.6811 6.6192 6.5245 6.4277 6.3286 6.2780
0

6.227

6.175

6.123

6.069

6.015

8.8131 7.2599 6.5988 6.2272 5.9876 5.8198 5.6955 5.5996 5.5234 5.4613 5.3662 5.2687 5.1684 5.1172

5.065

5.012

4.959

4.904

4.849

8.0727 6.5415 5.8898 5.5226 5.2852 5.1186 4.9949 4.8993 4.8232 4.7611 4.6658 4.5678 4.4667 4.4150

4.362

4.309

4.254

4.199

4.142

7.5709 6.0595 5.4160 5.0526 4.8173 4.6517 4.5286 4.4333 4.3572 4.2951 4.1997 4.1012 3.9995 3.9472

3.894

3.840

3.784

3.728

3.670

7.2093 5.7147 5.0781 4.7181 4.4844 4.3197 4.1970 4.1020 4.0260 3.9639 3.8682 3.7694 3.6669 3.6142

3.560

3.505

3.449

3.392

3.333

10

6.9367 5.4564 4.8256 4.4683 4.2361 4.0721 3.9498 3.8549 3.7790 3.7168 3.6209 3.5217 3.4185 3.3654

3.311

3.255

3.198

3.140

3.080

10

11

6.7241 5.2559 4.6300 4.2751 4.0440 3.8807 3.7586 3.6638 3.5879 3.5257 3.4296 3.3299 3.2261 3.1725

3.118

3.061

3.004

2.944

2.883

12

6.5538 5.0959 4.4742 4.1212 3.8911 3.7283 3.6065 3.5118 3.4358 3.3736 3.2773 3.1772 3.0728 3.0187

2.963

2.906

2.848

2.787

2.725

13

6.4143 4.9653 4.3472 3.9959 3.7667 3.6043 3.4827 3.3880 3.3120 3.2497 3.1532 3.0527 2.9477 2.8932

2.837

2.780

2.720

2.659

2.595

14

6.2979 4.8567 4.2417 3.8919 3.6634 3.5014 3.3799 3.2853 3.2093 3.1469 3.0502 2.9493 2.8437 2.7888

2.732

2.674

2.614

2.552

2.487

15

6.1995 4.7650 4.1528 3.8043 3.5764 3.4147 3.2934 3.1987 3.1227 3.0602 2.9633 2.8621 2.7559 2.7006

2.644

2.585

2.524

2.461

2.395

16

6.1151 4.6867 4.0768 3.7294 3.5021 3.3406 3.2194 3.1248 3.0488 2.9862 2.8890 2.7875 2.6808 2.6252

2.568

2.509

2.447

2.383

2.316

17

6.0420 4.6189 4.0112 3.6648 3.4379 3.2767 3.1556 3.0610 2.9849 2.9222 2.8249 2.7230 2.6158 2.5598

2.502

2.442

2.380

2.315

2.247

18

5.9781 4.5597 3.9539 3.6083 3.3820 3.2209 3.0999 3.0053 2.9291 2.8664 2.7689 2.6667 2.5590 2.5027

2.445

2.384

2.321

2.256

2.187

19

5.9216 4.5075 3.9034 3.5587 3.3327 3.1718 3.0509 2.9563 2.8801 2.8172 2.7196 2.6171 2.5089 2.4523

2.394

2.333

2.270

2.203

2.133

20

5.8715 4.4613 3.8587 3.5147 3.2891 3.1283 3.0074 2.9128 2.8365 2.7737 2.6758 2.5731 2.4645 2.4076

2.349

2.287

2.223

2.156

2.085

21

5.8266 4.4199 3.8188 3.4754 3.2501 3.0895 2.9686 2.8740 2.7977 2.7348 2.6368 2.5338 2.4247 2.3675

2.308

2.246

2.182

2.114

2.042

22

5.7863 4.3828 3.7829 3.4401 3.2151 3.0546 2.9338 2.8392 2.7628 2.6998 2.6017 2.4984 2.3890 2.3315

2.272

2.210

2.145

2.076

2.003

23

5.7498 4.3492 3.7505 3.4083 3.1835 3.0232 2.9023 2.8077 2.7313 2.6682 2.5699 2.4665 2.3567 2.2989

2.239

2.176

2.111

2.041

1.968

24

5.7166 4.3187 3.7211 3.3794 3.1548 2.9946 2.8738 2.7791 2.7027 2.6396 2.5411 2.4374 2.3273 2.2693

2.209

2.146

2.080

2.010

1.935

25

5.6864 4.2909 3.6943 3.3530 3.1287 2.9685 2.8478 2.7531 2.6766 2.6135 2.5149 2.4110 2.3005 2.2422

2.182

2.118

2.052

1.981

1.906

26

5.6586 4.2655 3.6697 3.3289 3.1048 2.9447 2.8240 2.7293 2.6528 2.5896 2.4908 2.3867 2.2759 2.2174

2.157

2.093

2.026

1.954

1.878

27

5.6331 4.2421 3.6472 3.3067 3.0828 2.9228 2.8021 2.7074 2.6309 2.5676 2.4688 2.3644 2.2533 2.1946

2.133

2.069

2.002

1.930

1.853

28

5.6096 4.2205 3.6264 3.2863 3.0626 2.9027 2.7820 2.6872 2.6106 2.5473 2.4484 2.3438 2.2324 2.1735

2.112

2.048

1.980

1.907

1.829

29

5.5878 4.2006 3.6072 3.2674 3.0438 2.8840 2.7633 2.6686 2.5919 2.5286 2.4295 2.3248 2.2131 2.1540

2.092

2.028

1.959

1.886

1.807

30

5.5675 4.1821 3.5894 3.2499 3.0265 2.8667 2.7460 2.6513 2.5746 2.5112 2.4120 2.3072 2.1952 2.1359

2.074

2.009

1.940

1.866

1.787

40

5.4239 4.0510 3.4633 3.1261 2.9037 2.7444 2.6238 2.5289 2.4519 2.3882 2.2882 2.1819 2.0677 2.0069

1.943

1.875

1.803

1.724

1.637

60

5.2856 3.9253 3.3425 3.0077 2.7863 2.6274 2.5068 2.4117 2.3344 2.2702 2.1692 2.0613 1.9445 1.8817

1.815

1.744

1.667

1.581

1.482

120

5.1523 3.8046 3.2269 2.8943 2.6740 2.5154 2.3948 2.2994 2.2217 2.1570 2.0548 1.9450 1.8249 1.7597

1.690

1.614

1.530

1.433

1.310

inf

5.0239 3.6889 3.1161 2.7858 2.5665 2.4082 2.2875 2.1918 2.1136 2.0483 1.9447 1.8326 1.7085 1.6402

1.566

1.484

1.388

1.268

1.000

11

F Table for alpha=.01

df2/d
f1

To index

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

60

120

INF

4052.1 4999.5 5403.3 5624.5 5763.6 5858.9 5928.3 5981.0 6022.4 6055.8 6106.3 6157.2 6208.7 6234.6 6260.6 6286.7 6313.0 6339.3 6365.8
81
00
52
83
50
86
56
70
73
47
21
85
30
31
49
82
30
91
64

98.503 99.000 99.166 99.249 99.299 99.333 99.356 99.374 99.388 99.399 99.416 99.433 99.449 99.458 99.466 99.474 99.482 99.491 99.499

34.116 30.817 29.457 28.710 28.237 27.911 27.672 27.489 27.345 27.229 27.052 26.872 26.690 26.598 26.505 26.411 26.316 26.221 26.125

21.198 18.000 16.694 15.977 15.522 15.207 14.976 14.799 14.659 14.546 14.374 14.198 14.020 13.929 13.838 13.745 13.652 13.558 13.463

16.258 13.274 12.060 11.392 10.967 10.672 10.456 10.289 10.158 10.051

9.888

9.722

9.553

9.466

9.379

9.291

9.202

9.112

9.020

13.745 10.925

9.780

9.148

8.746

8.466

8.260

8.102

7.976

7.874

7.718

7.559

7.396

7.313

7.229

7.143

7.057

6.969

6.880

12.246

9.547

8.451

7.847

7.460

7.191

6.993

6.840

6.719

6.620

6.469

6.314

6.155

6.074

5.992

5.908

5.824

5.737

5.650

11.259

8.649

7.591

7.006

6.632

6.371

6.178

6.029

5.911

5.814

5.667

5.515

5.359

5.279

5.198

5.116

5.032

4.946

4.859

10.561

8.022

6.992

6.422

6.057

5.802

5.613

5.467

5.351

5.257

5.111

4.962

4.808

4.729

4.649

4.567

4.483

4.398

4.311

10

10.044

7.559

6.552

5.994

5.636

5.386

5.200

5.057

4.942

4.849

4.706

4.558

4.405

4.327

4.247

4.165

4.082

3.996

3.909

11

9.646

7.206

6.217

5.668

5.316

5.069

4.886

4.744

4.632

4.539

4.397

4.251

4.099

4.021

3.941

3.860

3.776

3.690

3.602

12

9.330

6.927

5.953

5.412

5.064

4.821

4.640

4.499

4.388

4.296

4.155

4.010

3.858

3.780

3.701

3.619

3.535

3.449

3.361

13

9.074

6.701

5.739

5.205

4.862

4.620

4.441

4.302

4.191

4.100

3.960

3.815

3.665

3.587

3.507

3.425

3.341

3.255

3.165

14

8.862

6.515

5.564

5.035

4.695

4.456

4.278

4.140

4.030

3.939

3.800

3.656

3.505

3.427

3.348

3.266

3.181

3.094

3.004

15

8.683

6.359

5.417

4.893

4.556

4.318

4.142

4.004

3.895

3.805

3.666

3.522

3.372

3.294

3.214

3.132

3.047

2.959

2.868

16

8.531

6.226

5.292

4.773

4.437

4.202

4.026

3.890

3.780

3.691

3.553

3.409

3.259

3.181

3.101

3.018

2.933

2.845

2.753

17

8.400

6.112

5.185

4.669

4.336

4.102

3.927

3.791

3.682

3.593

3.455

3.312

3.162

3.084

3.003

2.920

2.835

2.746

2.653

12

18

8.285

6.013

5.092

4.579

4.248

4.015

3.841

3.705

3.597

3.508

3.371

3.227

3.077

2.999

2.919

2.835

2.749

2.660

2.566

19

8.185

5.926

5.010

4.500

4.171

3.939

3.765

3.631

3.523

3.434

3.297

3.153

3.003

2.925

2.844

2.761

2.674

2.584

2.489

20

8.096

5.849

4.938

4.431

4.103

3.871

3.699

3.564

3.457

3.368

3.231

3.088

2.938

2.859

2.778

2.695

2.608

2.517

2.421

21

8.017

5.780

4.874

4.369

4.042

3.812

3.640

3.506

3.398

3.310

3.173

3.030

2.880

2.801

2.720

2.636

2.548

2.457

2.360

22

7.945

5.719

4.817

4.313

3.988

3.758

3.587

3.453

3.346

3.258

3.121

2.978

2.827

2.749

2.667

2.583

2.495

2.403

2.305

23

7.881

5.664

4.765

4.264

3.939

3.710

3.539

3.406

3.299

3.211

3.074

2.931

2.781

2.702

2.620

2.535

2.447

2.354

2.256

24

7.823

5.614

4.718

4.218

3.895

3.667

3.496

3.363

3.256

3.168

3.032

2.889

2.738

2.659

2.577

2.492

2.403

2.310

2.211

25

7.770

5.568

4.675

4.177

3.855

3.627

3.457

3.324

3.217

3.129

2.993

2.850

2.699

2.620

2.538

2.453

2.364

2.270

2.169

26

7.721

5.526

4.637

4.140

3.818

3.591

3.421

3.288

3.182

3.094

2.958

2.815

2.664

2.585

2.503

2.417

2.327

2.233

2.131

27

7.677

5.488

4.601

4.106

3.785

3.558

3.388

3.256

3.149

3.062

2.926

2.783

2.632

2.552

2.470

2.384

2.294

2.198

2.097

28

7.636

5.453

4.568

4.074

3.754

3.528

3.358

3.226

3.120

3.032

2.896

2.753

2.602

2.522

2.440

2.354

2.263

2.167

2.064

29

7.598

5.420

4.538

4.045

3.725

3.499

3.330

3.198

3.092

3.005

2.868

2.726

2.574

2.495

2.412

2.325

2.234

2.138

2.034

30

7.562

5.390

4.510

4.018

3.699

3.473

3.304

3.173

3.067

2.979

2.843

2.700

2.549

2.469

2.386

2.299

2.208

2.111

2.006

40

7.314

5.179

4.313

3.828

3.514

3.291

3.124

2.993

2.888

2.801

2.665

2.522

2.369

2.288

2.203

2.114

2.019

1.917

1.805

60

7.077

4.977

4.126

3.649

3.339

3.119

2.953

2.823

2.718

2.632

2.496

2.352

2.198

2.115

2.028

1.936

1.836

1.726

1.601

120

6.851

4.787

3.949

3.480

3.174

2.956

2.792

2.663

2.559

2.472

2.336

2.192

2.035

1.950

1.860

1.763

1.656

1.533

1.381

inf

6.635

4.605

3.782

3.319

3.017

2.802

2.639

2.511

2.407

2.321

2.185

2.039

1.878

1.791

1.696

1.592

1.473

1.325

1.000

13