Emergency Exam6
Emergency Exam6
Emergency Exam6
B: pressure dressing.
C: PASG.
D: splint.
B: write "applied at" and the time on the tourniquet once it has been
applied.
C: write the time of application in the patient's medical record at the
hospital.
D: write TK and the time of application on tape and place it on the
patient's forehead.
B: Rope
11. When managing a patient with a nosebleed (epistaxis), the BEST way
to prevent possible aspiration of blood is to:
A: place the patient supine with his or her head in the flexed
position.
B: tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning forward.
13. A 50-year-old man was involved in a motor vehicle accident and has
sustained a fractured pelvis as well as bilateral femur fractures. His
blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg; pulse rate is 130 beats/min, and
respirations are 28 breaths/min and shallow. The patient has a past
medical history of congestive heart failure and gout. Which of the
following is the BEST method of stabilizing this patient's fractures?
A: Apply and inflate the entire PASG.
B: 725 mL
C: 980 mL
D: 1,200 mL
NO ANS REASON
Reason: The best way to control bleeding from an extremity, and the least
1. C
damaging, is to use direct pressure and elevation. (ECTSI 8, p. 535)
Reason: Several conditions can result in bleeding from the nose and/or
mouth. These include skull fracture, facial injuries, sinusitis (inflamed
3. A
sinuses), high blood pressure, coagulation disorders, and digital trauma (ie
nose picking). (ECTSI 8, p. 540)
Reason: Body substance isolation (BSI) precautions are the first actions the
EMT-B should take in managing a patient with internal bleeding (or any
4. D
patient for that matter). Once this has been accomplished, assessment of
the ABCs should proceed. (ECTSI 8, p. 543)
Reason: If a patient has injuries and bleeding to the lower extremities, you
5. C may be able to use a pneumatic antishock garment to control bleeding and
minimize chances of shock. (ECTSI 8, p. 537)
Reason: After you apply a tourniquet, write TK and the time of application
6. D on a piece of adhesive tape. Then, securely fasten the tape to the patient's
forehead. (ECTSI 8, p. 540)
Reason: Of the choices provided, the blood pressure cuff is the best item to
7. C use as a tourniquet because it is the widest. Narrow tourniquets cause more
injury to the tissues they are constricting. (ECTSI 8, p. 539)
Reason: The cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and
9. A
interconnecting capillaries. (ECTSI 8, p. 531)
Reason: Leaning forward, with the head tilted forward, will stop blood from
11. B
trickling down the throat or being aspirated into the lungs. (ECTSI 8, p. 541)
Reason: The PASG can be used to stabilize pelvic and proximal femur
fractures; however, their use is contraindicated in patients with pulmonary
edema of cardiac origin or acute heart failure. The pressure from the
garment would result in more blood backing up into the lungs than what is
13. C
already there. The application of two traction splints would not be practical
due to the patient's unstable condition as well as his fractured pelvis. The
most effective and fastest way to immobilize these fractures would be to
secure the patient to a long spineboard.
Reason: The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than 20%
of blood volume. The typical adult has approximately 70 mL of blood per
kilogram of body weight. A 70-kg patient, who is displaying signs and
14. C
symptoms of shock, has lost approximately 980 mL of blood volume (70 kg
70 mL = 4,900 mL of total blood volume 20% = 980 mL of blood). (ECTSI 8,
p. 534)