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    Circuit and System Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Emre Mete
    Circuit equations can model linear circuits using algebraic equations relating branch currents and node voltages. These equations are formulated in both the time domain and frequency domain. Two common methods for writing the equations are generalized node analysis and generalized mesh analysis. These involve grouping circuit elements into controlled and controlling elements and using Kirchhoff's laws to write the equations. Circuit theorems like additivity and multiplicativity simplify the analysis of more complex circuits by decomposing them into simpler parts. The Thevenin and Norton theorems provide equivalent circuits for linear one-port networks consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors and sources.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Circuit and System Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Emre Mete
    130 views9 pages
    Circuit equations can model linear circuits using algebraic equations relating branch currents and node voltages. These equations are formulated in both the time domain and frequency domain. Two common methods for writing the equations are generalized node analysis and generalized mesh analysis. These involve grouping circuit elements into controlled and controlling elements and using Kirchhoff's laws to write the equations. Circuit theorems like additivity and multiplicativity simplify the analysis of more complex circuits by decomposing them into simpler parts. The Thevenin and Norton theorems provide equivalent circuits for linear one-port networks consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors and sources.

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    presentation circuit analysis

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    Circuit and system analysis

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    Circuit equations can model linear circuits using algebraic equations relating branch currents and node voltages. These equations are formulated in both the time domain and frequency domain. Two common methods for writing the equations are generalized node analysis and generalized mesh analysis. These involve grouping circuit elements into controlled and controlling elements and using Kirchhoff's laws to write the equations. Circuit theorems like additivity and multiplicativity simplify the analysis of more complex circuits by decomposing them into simpler parts. The Thevenin and Norton theorems provide equivalent circuits for linear one-port networks consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors and sources.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    130 views9 pages

    Circuit and System Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Emre Mete
    Circuit equations can model linear circuits using algebraic equations relating branch currents and node voltages. These equations are formulated in both the time domain and frequency domain. Two common methods for writing the equations are generalized node analysis and generalized mesh analysis. These involve grouping circuit elements into controlled and controlling elements and using Kirchhoff's laws to write the equations. Circuit theorems like additivity and multiplicativity simplify the analysis of more complex circuits by decomposing them into simpler parts. The Thevenin and Norton theorems provide equivalent circuits for linear one-port networks consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors and sources.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Circuit Equations (Tableau Equations)

    0 = AI KCL:
    V V A
    d
    T
    =
    KVL:
    s
    U I w N V w M = + ) ( ) ( EE:
    (
    (
    (

    =
    (
    (
    (

    (
    (
    (

    s
    d
    T
    U I
    V
    V
    w N w M
    I A
    A
    0
    0
    ) ( ) ( 0
    0
    0 0
    ) (w T
    1 0
    ) ( jwT T w T + =
    (
    (
    (

    =
    (
    (
    (

    (
    (
    (

    ) (
    0
    0
    ) (
    ) (
    ) (
    0
    0
    0 0
    t u t i
    t v
    t v
    N M
    I A
    A
    s
    d
    T
    (
    (
    (

    =
    (
    (
    (

    (
    (
    (

    s
    d
    T
    U I
    V
    V
    w N w M
    I A
    A
    0
    0
    ) ( ) ( 0
    0
    0 0
    Resistive circuits can be modelled
    by algebraic equations
    in time domain.
    ) (w T
    T
    ...are vectors of time functions.
    ) ( ), ( ), ( t i t v t v
    d
    ...are vectors of phasors.
    I V V
    d
    , ,
    Elements of T are real. Elements of T(w) can be complex.
    The circuit is modelled by linear
    algebraic equations with real
    coefficients.
    The circuit is modelled by linear
    algebraic equations with complex
    coefficients.
    All linear circuits in sinusoidal steady state
    can be modelled by algebraic equations
    in frequency domain.
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (

    =
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (

    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (
    (


    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1
    4
    3
    2
    1
    2
    1
    2
    1
    o
    n
    p
    C
    C
    R
    R
    o
    n
    p
    C
    C
    R
    R
    d
    d
    d
    d
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    V
    C j
    C j
    G
    G
    e
    e
    v
    1
    2
    3
    4
    Generalized Node Analysis



    Group the elements into two classes:
    1. class: voltage-controlled elements -
    2. class: not voltage-controlled elements -
    Method:
    Step 1:
    1
    d
    n Write KCL equations for nodes: 0 = AI
    Step 2: Substitute voltage controlled element equations for
    the elements in the 1. class and for the 2. class write EEs:
    0 ] [
    2
    1
    2 1
    =
    (

    I
    I
    A A
    s
    V
    I
    V
    w N w M =
    (

    2
    2
    2 2
    )] ( ) ( [
    s
    V I w N V w M = +
    2 2 2 2
    ) ( ) (
    S
    I V w Y I + =
    1 1
    ) (
    0 = AI
    KCL Equations:
    V V A
    d
    T
    = KVL Equations:
    S
    I A
    I
    V
    A A
    1
    2
    1
    2 1
    ] Y(w) [ =
    (

    Step 3: Write element voltages in terms of node voltages (KVL):


    Step 4: Solve the node voltages and the currents of the 2. class elements.
    d
    T
    V A V
    1
    1
    =
    d
    T
    V A V
    2 2
    =
    (

    =
    (

    s
    s d
    T
    T
    V
    I A
    I
    V
    N A M
    A A w Y A
    1
    2
    2 2 2
    2 1 1
    ) (
    Example: Apply generalized node analysis in sinusoidal steady state!
    v
    Generalized Mesh Analysis
    Method:
    Step 1: 1 +
    d e
    n n Write KVL equations for meshes:
    0 ] [
    2
    1
    2 1
    =
    (

    V
    V
    B B
    Step 2: Substitute current-controlled element equations for
    the elements in the 1. class and for the 2. class write EEs:



    Group the elements into two classes:
    1. class: current-controlled elements -
    2. class: not current-controlled elements -
    KCL Equations:
    KVL Equations:
    0 = BV
    s
    V B
    V
    I
    B B
    1
    2
    1
    2 1
    ] Z(w) [ =
    (

    s
    I
    I
    V
    w N w M =
    (

    2
    2
    2 2
    )] ( ) ( [
    s
    I I w N V w M = +
    2 2 2 2
    ) ( ) (
    s
    V I w Z V + =
    1 1
    ) (
    m
    T
    I B I =
    0 = BV
    Step 4: Solve the mesh currents and the voltages of the 2. class elements.
    Step 3: Write element currents in terms of mesh currents:
    (

    =
    (

    S
    s m
    T
    T
    I
    V B
    V
    I
    w M B w N
    B B w Z B
    1
    2
    2 2 2
    2 1 1
    ) ( ) (
    ) (
    m
    T
    I B I
    1
    1
    =
    m
    T
    I B I
    2 2
    =
    Example: Apply generalized mesh analysis in sinusoidal steady state!
    v
    Additivity and Multiplicativity
    Theorem: (Additivity)
    Consider a circuit with linear resistors and
    independent sources.
    Group 1
    Group 2
    Solve the circuit when only sources in Group 1 are active
    whereas sources in Group 2 are set to zero
    Solve the circuit when only sources in Group 1 are active
    whereas sources in Group 2 are set to zero
    Then, the solution when all the sources are active is
    1 1
    ,V I
    2 2
    ,V I
    2 1
    2 1
    ,
    V V V
    I I I
    T
    T
    + =
    + =
    Theorem: (Multiplicativity)
    V k I k ,
    Consider a circuit with linear resistors and independent
    sources . Assume that solutions are .
    If independent sources are set to ,
    solutions are .
    s
    V
    s
    V k
    V I,
    Thevenin (1883) and Norton (1926) Theorems
    Aim: To obtain a simple equivalent circuit for a 1-port circuit that
    consists of linear, time-invariant resistors, capacitors, inductors
    and independent sources.
    Thevenin Equivalent:
    +
    _
    v
    i

    1-port
    linear
    circuit

    +
    -
    V
    I
    +
    _
    Z
    TH

    V
    TH

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