COURSE HANDOUT for EDRG 101 Engineering Drawing I Prepared By: Asst. Prof.

: Suresh Bhakta Shrestha & Lecturer: Hari Prasad Neopane

Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Kathmandu University Dhulikhel Kavre Aug 2003

Course Handout For EDRG 101

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

Lecture 1
Introduction of Engineering Drawing and Instruments used in Engineering Drawing, e.g. Drafter, types of Pencil, set squares and etc. Layout of Drawing Sheets, Types of Lines, Lettering and its types. Layout and Lettering Practice. Dimensioning - Unit of Dimensions, System of Dimensioning, Shape identification Dimensioning Exercise 1

Lecture 2
Engineering Scale Representative Factor Construction and Types of Scales Plain Scales Diagonal Scales Vernier Scales Comparative Scales Scale of Chords Exercise 2

Lecture 3
Geometrical Constructions To divide the lines into any number of equal parts. To divide a given angle into even number of divisions. To draw an arc tangential to a line and passing through a point. Construction of regular polygons Introduction of Engineering Curves, Terminology used in Engineering Curves and brief discussion about types and applications of Engineering Curves. Conic Sections Definition and Terminology Applications Construction of Conic Sections Ellipse Definition and Terminology Applications Finding out foci when Major and Minor axis are given Drawing Tangents to Ellipse at a point on the ellipse or from a point outside the ellipse. Different Methods of Construction of Ellipse 1. Pin and Thread Method 5. Trammel Method 2. Intersecting Method 6. Concentric circle Method 3. Rectangle Method 7 . Parallelogram Method 4. Circle Method 8. Four centres approximate Method Exercise 3

Lecture 4
Parabola Definition, Terminology and Applications To find the axis, focus and directrix of a Parabola. Drawing Tangents to the Parabola either at a point on the Parabola or from a point outside the Parabola When the focus and directrix are given When the focus and directrix are not given Different methods of construction of Parabola 2 of 8

Course Handout For EDRG 101

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

Rectangle Method Parallelogram Method Tangent Method Hyperbola Definition, Terminology and Applications Drawing Tangents to the Hyperbola either at a point on the Hyperbola or from the point outside the Hyperbola Different Methods of construction of Hyperbola Definition and construction of Rectangular Hyperbola Exercise 4

Lecture 5
Involutes Definition and Terminology Applications Drawing Tangent and Normal at a point on Involutes Definition and Construction of Involutes by Involute of a line Involute of a Triangle Involute of a Polygon Involute of a Circlepirals Definition and Terminology Applications Definition and Construction of Archemedian and Logarithmic Spirals Drawing Tangent and Normal at a point on Spirals Cycloidal Curves Definition and Terminology Applications Definition and Construction of Epicycloid and Hypocycloid Drawing Tangent and Normal at a point on Cycloidal Curves Definition, Terminology and Applications of Trochoid, Epitroichoid and Helix Exercise 5

Mid Term Examination

Lecture 6
Orthographic Projections Projection of an Object Principal Views and Principal Planes of Projection Four Quadrants and System of Projection First angle and Third angle Projection, Difference between them and their advantages Symbols of Projection Projection of Points Projection of Lines Definition, True length and True Inclination of a Line Line Parallel to both the Planes Line Parallel to one Plane and Perpendicular to Other plane Line Parallel to one Plane and Inclined to Other Line Inclined to both Horizontal and Vertical plane Convention for Line Thickness Exercise 6

Lecture 7
Projection of Plane Surfaces 3 of 8

Course Handout For EDRG 101

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

Definition True shape of a plane surface Plane surface parallel to one of the Principal Planes and Perpendicular the other two Plane Surfaces Perpendicular to one of the three Principle Planes and Inclined to other two Plane Surfaces Inclined to all the three Principal Planes of Projection Exercise 7& 8

Lecture 8
Projection of Solids Definition of Solids Classification of Solids e.g.- Polyhedrons, Prisms, Pyramids) Projection of Solids Placed in different positions Axis of the Solid Perpendicular to HP Axis of the Solid Perpendicular to VP Axis of the Solid Perpendicular to HP and Parallel to VP Axis of the Solid Inclined to VP and Parallel to HP Axis of the Solid Inclined to both HP and VP Methods of Solving the Problems of Cubes, Cones, Prisms, Cylinders, Pyramids Exercise 9 &10

Lecture 9
Surface Development Methods of Development Parallel Line Development Radial Line Development Triangulation Development Approximate Development Exercise 11&12

Exercise 1 1. 2. Write freehand single stroke vertical capital and small letters of type A of height 14mm. Write the following in inclined vertical capital letters of type B of height 14mm. DRAWING IS THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE Exercise 2 1. 2. 3. 4. Construct a plain scale to read centimetre and decimetre and long enough to measure six decimetre RF = show on it a distance of 4.7 decimetre. Construct a diagonal scale of RF = 1: 20 showing divisions of 0.01m and capable of measuring 3m. Mark a distance of 2.81 m on it. Construct a vernier scale of RF = 1: 20 to read meter, tenths of a meter and centimetre with the aid of the scale draw a line of length 2.18m. A train is running at a speed of 50 Km per hour. Construct a plain scale to read a minimum of a kilometre and minute. The scale should measure upto a maximum of 40 Km. The RF of the scale is 1: 250000. On the scale show the distance covered by the train in 30 minute. 4 of 8

Course Handout For EDRG 101

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

Exercise3 Construct a regular pentagon of 40mm side inscribing in the circle. Construct a regular hexagon of 30mm side. Trace the different conic sections when the distance of the locus from the directrix is 30mm and eccentricity is equal to i. 7/9 ii. 1 and iii. 9/7. Name the curves. A line AB represents the major axis of am ellipse and measures 120mm. A point P is at a distance of 90mm from A and 50mm from B. Draw the elliptical curve passing through the pints P, A and B. Find the eccentricity of the curve. A particle P moves such that the sum of its distances from the two fixed points A and B, 90mm apart, remains constant. When P is at equal distances from A and B, its distance from each one of them is 75mm. Draw the path traced out by the particle P.

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Exercise4 1. 2. The distance of the focus from the directrix is 60mm. Trace the path of a point, which moves such that its distance from the focus is equal to its distance from the directrix. A toy rocket thrown up in the air reaches a maximum height of 45 meter and travels a horizontal distance of 75 meter. Trace the path of the rocket choosing a scale of 5 meter = 1 cm. The vertex of the hyperbola is 65 mm from it focus. Draw the two parts of the hyperbola if the eccentricity is 2.5. Draw a rectangular hyperbola given a point Q on it at a distance of 20 mm and 15 mm from the two asymptotes. Exercise 5 1. 2. Draw the locus of the end point of a cable unwinding itself from a drum of 80 mm diameter, such that the unwound cable is always taut. Draw an Archimedean spiral for one and half convolution. The spiral starts from the pole and the greatest radius is 75mm. Draw the tangent to the curve at a point 25mm from the pole. A circle of 50mm diameter rolls on a straight line without slipping. Trace the locus of a point on the circumference if the circle rolls for one and half revolution. Name the curve. Draw the tangent and normal to the curve at a point 35 mm above the straight line and on the ascending side of the curve. Draw a hypocycloid. The diameter of the rolling circle is 36mm and the diameter of the base circle is 108 mm. Draw a tangent and normal at any point on the curve. Exercise 6 1. 2. A point is 35mm below HP, 20mm behind VP and 25mm behind the right profile plane. Draw its projections. Draw the projections of a point lying in the first quadrant such that its shortest distance from the line of intersection of HP and VP and PP is 70mm and at equal distances from each of the three planes of projections. Also find the distance of the point from each of the reference planes. A line PQ has its end P 15 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. The end Q is 55mm above HP, and the line is inclined at 300 to HP. The distance between the end projectors of the line when measured parallel to the line of intersection of HP and VP is 50mm. Draw the projectors of the line and find its inclination with VP. 5 of 8

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Course Handout For EDRG 101 4. 5.

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

A line PQ is inclined to HP at 300 and 450 to VP and measures 70 mm. Point P is 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections. The mid point of a line AB is 60 mm above HP and 50mm in front of VP. The line measures 80mm and inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP. Draw its projections. Exercise 7

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A regular pentagonal lamina of 30mm side rests on HP with its plane vertical and inclined at 450 to VP. Draw its top and front views when one of its sides is perpendicular t HP. A square lamina ABCD of 30 mm side rests on the corner C such that the diagonal AC appears as at 300 to the VP in the top view. The two sides BC and CD containing the corner C make equal inclinations with the HP. The surface of the lamina makes 450 with HP. Draw its top and front views. A hexagonal lamina of 30mm sides son HP on one of its sides. The side which is on HP is perpendicular to VP and the surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 450. The lamina is then rotated through 900 such that the side on HP is parallel to the VP, while the surface is still inclined to the HP at 450. Draw the front view and the top view of the lamina in its final position. A circular lamina of 60 mm diameter rests on HP such that the surface of the lamina is inclined at 300 HP. The diameter through the point on which the lamina rests of HP, appears to be inclined at 300 to the VP in the top view. Obtain its projections.

Exercise 8 1. An equilateral triangular lamina of 30mm side, lies on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 450 with the HP and one of its medians is inclined at 400 to the VP. Draw its projections. A rectangular cardboard ABCD of edges AB=55mm, BC=70mm, is placed such that the diagonal AC makes 600 with HP and side AB makes 300. Draw its projections. A pentagonal plate with edge of 30mm length is resting on HP on one of its edges. This edge is inclined to VP at 450 and the plate surface makes 300 with HP. Draw its projections. Draw the projections of a circular plate of 50mm diameter resting of HP on a point A on the circumference, with its plane inclined at 450 to HP and the top view of the diameter AB making 300 with VP. Exercise 9 1. 2. A cube of 30mm edge rest with one of its square faces on HP such that one of its vertical faces is inclined at 300 to the VP. Draw its projections. An equilateral triangular prism 20mm side of base and 50mm long rests with one of its shorter edges on HP such that rectangular face containing the edge on which the prism rests is inclined at 300 to HP. The edge on which the prism rests is inclined at 600 to the VP. Draw its projections. Draw the top and front views of a rectangular pyramid of sides of base 20 X 25 mm and height 35mm when it lies with one of its triangular faces containing the longer edge of the base on HP. This longer edge containing the triangular face lying on HP is inclined at 600 to VP in the top view with the apex of the pyramid away from VP. A cone of base 60mm diameter and axis 80 mm long rests on HP with its axis inclined 450 and 300 with HP and VP respectively. Draw the top and front views of the cone. Exercise 10

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Course Handout For EDRG 101 1.

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

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A pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base and height 60 mm rests with its base on HP such that one of the rectangular faces is inclined at 300 to VP to the left. Draw the top front and right views. A triangular pyramid 60 mm high and 40 mm edges of base rests with one of its base edges of HP. The axis of the pyramid is inclined at 300 to HP and the base is on which the pyramid rests is inclined at 450 to VP. Draw its projections. A cylinder of base 60 mm and height 80 mm is resting on HP with its base inclined at and angle of 300 to it. The top view of its axis makes an angle of 200 with the XY line. Draw its top and front views. A cone, diameter of base 60 mm and axis 80 mm rests on HP with its axis inclined to it at 300 and the axis on the top view appears perpendicular to VP. Draw its top and front views. A triangular prism of 30mm side of base and height 65 mm is suspended freely from a corner is axis inclined at 200 to VP. Draw its projections. Exercise 11

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A vertical square prism30 mm sides, 60 mm high having one of its rectangular faces leaning to the right at an angle of 300 to VP, is cut by a cutting plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 600 to its axis. The cutting plane passes through the axis at the mid height of the prism. Develop the lower portion of the lateral surfaces of the prism. A vertical hexagonal prism of 30 mm side of vase and axis 65 mm long has one of its rectangular faces parallel to VP and nearer to it. A circular hole of 40 mm diameter is drilled through the prism completely such that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the prism at right angles and is perpendicular to VP. Draw the development of the prism showing the shape of the hole on it. Draw the development of an oblique hexagonal prism. The top and bottom faces are parallel regular hexagons of 20 mm sides. The axis is 65 mm long and inclined at 500 to the base. Any two parallel base edges are parallel to VP. A vertical cylinder of 70 mm diameter and 90 mm high is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 450 to the axis so as to pass through the top end of one of the extreme generators in the front view. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the truncated cylinder providing a minimum length at the joint.

Exercise 12 1. A pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base an height 50 mm lies with its base on HP such that one of the rectangular faces is inclined at 300 to VP. It is cut by a section plane inclined to 600 to HP and perpendicular to VP so as to pass through a point on the axis 30 mm above the base. Develop the truncated portion of the prism so as to produce a one-piece development. A cylinder of 50 mm diameter of base and 60 mm height rests with its base on HP. A through square hole is drilled on the lateral surfaces of the cylinder in such a way that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the cylinder at right angles. The sides of the hole are equally inclined to HP and measures 30 mm. Develop the lateral surface of the cylinder showing the shapes of the holes on it. A right circular cone 55 mm diameter and 75 mm high stands on its base on HP. An AVP cuts the cone at an angle of 450 to VP and is at a distance of 10 mm from the axis of the cone. Obtain the development of the lateral surface of the truncated cone. A square pyramid base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long has its base on HP and all the edges of the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 450 to HP and bisecting the axis. Draw the development of the bottom part of the cut pyramid.

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Course Handout For EDRG 101

S.B.Shrestha & H.P. Neopane

INSTRUMENTS Students are required to bring following instruments in the drawing hall. Borrowing of the instruments in the class is highly discouraged and failing to do so will have negative impression on evaluation. MARKS DISTRIBUTION Average of minimum 12 Class Sheets Test (In Semester) Behaviours Final Compilation of all Sheets Final Exam 55 10 10 5 20 Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks

Attendance Any students failing to attend more than 4 classes in total will be allowed to appear on final examination. Text book 1. Gopalakrishna K. R., Engineering Drawing Vol. 1 & 2,Seventeenth edition, Subash Publications, Banglore, 1996. Reference Book 1. Laxminarayan V., Mathur M.L., A Text Book of Machine Drawing, Eighth edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi, 1992 2. Giesecke Fedrick E., e.at., Technical Drawing, Eighth edition, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1980 3. Cecil Jensen/ Jay Hlsel, Engineering Drawing and Design, Second edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1979 4. Luzadder and Duff, Fundamental of Engineering Drawing, Eleventh edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995 5. Bhatt N.D., Machine Drawing, Sixteenth edition, Charotar Book Stall, India, 1980 6. Giesecke, e.at., Technical Drawing Problems, Sixth edition, Macmillan publishing Company Inc., New York, 1981

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