Canal Syphon (Barrel)
Canal Syphon (Barrel)
Canal Syphon (Barrel)
DESIGN
NAME OF WORK :- CANAL SYPHON AT RD.
DESIGN INPUT DATA : Canal Full supply discharge of canal Bed width of canal Full supply depth of canal Bed level of canal (C.B.L.) at D/S Side slope of canal (s) Free board of canal Drain Catchment Area Bank level Bed level Highest Flood Level (H.F.L.) slope Assumtion Unit weigth of dry earth Unit weigth of saturated earth Unit weigth of submerged earth Unit weigth of concrete Angle of internal friction Grade of steel Grade of concrete Reinforcement 10000 m OF LMC GUDDA
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cumec m m m :1 m
1 2 3 4 5
sq km, m m m
23.00 sq mile
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
fy M main Distribution
F F
HYDROLIC DESIGN
NAME OF WORK :DESIGN INPUT DATA : (a) Canal (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (b) Drain (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Full supply discharge of canal Bed width of canal Full supply depth of canal Bed level of canal (C.B.L.) at D/S Side slope of canal (s) Free board of canal 40.00 18.00 2.10 250.00 1.00 0.75 Cumec m m m :1 m CANAL SYPHON AT RD. 10000 m OF LMC GUDDA
Catchment Area Bank level Bed level Highest Flood Level (H.F.L.) slope
sq km, m m m
23.44 sq mile
HYDRAULIC DESIGN : (1) Flood discharge of drain Using dicken's formula Q = Q = Q = Say Q = Max. observed flood discharge (2) Section of the drainage channel According to Lacey's formula
C A 3/4 Assuming C= 4.5 4.5 x( 60.00 )^ 0.75 97.012 100 cumec 100.00 cumec
Q 1/2 = 4.83 X = 4.83 X 10 = 48.3 Provide bed width of the drain at the crossing P (3) Canal waterway Bed width of canal Normal X-area of the channel (A) Velocity in the normal section Adopt size of the barrel as Width = 3.00 m , Height = 2.50 m , Reduce the canal waterway from Velocity through the barrels = 40 15
44.50 m.
= = = = =
sD 2
40.00
42.21
= =
0.30 2 6.30
m No. m
m/sec
< 6.00 m/sec The velocity is within the recommended range The size of the barrel is, therefore okay It should be checked that the flow is subcritical in the barrel, .i.e., Froude number (F) should be less than unity
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Now F = Where, V = 2.67 g = 9.81 d = 2.50 Therefore, F = 0.538 Since the value of F is
less than 1
(3) Head loss and bed levels at different sections : Width of canal in the flumed portion = 6.3 m Provide 2 in 1splay in contraction and 3 in 1 splay in expansion transition 11.70 Length of contraction transition = -------- X 2 = 11.7 m 2 11.70 Length of expansion transition = -------- X 3 = 17.55 m 2 Assume,Length of the barrels in the flumed portion= 70.0 m > 68.50 m assumed length is O.K. In the transitions, the side slopes of the section shall be warped from 1.00 : 1 to vertical.
1 2 3 4
70.00
3
17.55
4 (All dim in meter)
Canal waterway At section 4-4 Area of section = (Normal channel section) Velocity = Q/A = 2 Velocity head = V /2g = R.L. of bed = 250.00 R.L. of water surface = = R.L. of T.E.L. = = At section 3-3 42.21 Sq.m.
2.1 0.0458
Water depth at the entry and exit of the barrel should be kept slightly higher than the depth of the barrels so as to keep the ends of the barrel submerged for proper syphoning Provide water depth equal to 3.00 m Area of section = 3.00 X 6.3 = 18.9 Sq.m. Velocity = Q/A = 2.116 m/sec Velocity head = V2/2g = 0.228 m Loss of head in expansion from section 3-3 to section 4-4 0.3 (V22 - V12) /2g =
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= 0.055 m Hence elevation of T.E.L. at section 3-3 = 252.146 + 0.055 = 252.201 m R.L. of water surface = 252.201 0.228 = 251.972 m R.L. of bed = 251.972 3.00 = 248.972 m From section 3 - 3 to section 2 - 2, area and velocity are constant. Head loss through barrels Head loss through barrels is given by ( 1 + f1 + f2 xL/R )V 2/2g = Where, f1 f2 Where, a L R = = = = = = 0.080 a(1+b/R) 0.00316 , b 70.0 m A/P 0.682 m = 0.10000 ,for bell mouthed syphon
0.526 m
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At section 2-2 R.L. of T.E.L. = = = R.L.of water surface = = = R.L. of bed = = At section 1-1 Loss of head in contraction transition from section 1-1 to section 2-2 0.2 (V22 - V12) /2g = = 0.037 m R.L. of T.E.L. = T.E.L. at section 2-2 + head loss in contraction transition = 252.727 + 0.037 = 252.76 m R.L. of water surface = 252.76 0.046 = 252.72 m R.L. of bed = 252.72 2.10 = 250.62 m (4) Transitions The general method of Hinds shall be applied for designing the transitions, as the water depths in the transitions vary from 2.10 m to 3.00 m (a) Contraction transition
w.s.profile 1 R.L. 252.72 y1 = 0.109 x1= 5.85 1 11.70 2
(All dim in m)
T.E.L. at section 3-3 + head loss through barrels 252.201 + 0.526 252.727 m R.L. of T.E.L. - Velocity head at section 3-3 252.727 0.228 252.499 m 252.499 3.00 249.499 m
R.L.
252.50
Contraction transition y1 = = = x1 = = = Water level at section 1-1 - Water level at section 2-2 2 252.72 252.50 2 0.1095 Length of contraction transition 2 11.70 2 5.85 m
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C y
= =
y1 x12
2 0.00320 x
0.109 34.223
0.00320
The details of the contraction transition have been worked out in Table 1 (b) Expansion transition
w.s.profile 3 y1 = R.L. 251.97 x1= 3 8.775 17.55 4 0.064 R.L. 4 252.10
Expansion transition y1 = = = x1 = = = Hence, C y = = y1 x12 0.00083 = x2 0.0639 = 0.00083 77.001 (equation of water surface profile in expansion transition ) Water level at section 4-4 2 252.10 0.0639 m Length of expansion transition 2 17.55 2 8.775 m 2 251.97 Water level at section 3-3
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Table 1
water Distance y=cx2 surface elevation m 1 0 3.0 5.85 8.7 11.7 0 3 6 8.775 11.55 14.55 17.55 2 0.0000 0.0288 0.1095 0.0288 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 0.0299 0.0639 0.0299 0.0075 0.0000 3 252.718 252.689 252.608 252.527 252.499 251.972 251.980 252.002 252.036 252.070 252.093 252.100 From section 1-1 to 2-2 252.763 252.754 252.745 252.736 252.727 252.201 252.191 252.182 252.173 252.165 252.155 252.146 Elevation Velocity of T.E.L. m 4 (4) - (3) m 5 0.046 0.065 0.137 0.209 0.228 0.228 0.211 0.180 0.137 0.094 0.063 0.046 6 0.948 1.134 1.640 2.023 2.116 2.116 2.037 1.878 1.640 1.361 1.109 0.948 7 1.000 :1 0.744 :1 0.500 :1 0.256 :1 0.00 :1 0 :1 0.171 :1 0.342 :1 0.500 :1 0.658 :1 0.829 :1 1.000 :1 8 42.188 35.289 24.393 19.771 18.900 18.900 19.637 21.302 24.393 29.393 36.081 42.188 9 250.62 250.34 250.06 249.78 249.50 248.972 249.148 249.324 249.486 249.649 249.824 250.00 CONTRACTION TRANSITION 2.10 2.35 2.55 2.75 3.00 3.00 2.83 2.68 2.55 2.42 2.27 2.10 18.00 13.26 8.29 6.49 6.30 6.30 6.45 7.04 8.29 10.54 14.03 18.00 Velocity side slope 's' Area A= Q/V Bed Level Depth(D) Col.(3) -Col(9) m 10 Bed width B = A/D -sD 11
EXPANSION TRANSITION
(5) Invert level Bed level of drain = Provide 0.30 251.80 m 0.60 m thick earth fill over the slab
= 251.80 - ( 0.6 + 0.3 + 2.5 ) = 248.40 m Invert level at the entrance and exit of the barrel shall be the same as the bed levels already worked out at sections 2-2 and 3-3 respectively. Thus the invert level at the entry = The invert level at the exit = 249.499 m 248.972 m
The invert level of the barrel would be kept at 248.40 m in a length of 44.5 m (under base of drain) after which it would meet the respective bed levels at the entrance and exit, so as to obtain a slope of about 1in 15 in the barrel at either side. Thus, Length of barrel upstream = 16.00 m Length of barrel downstream = 8.00 m The length of the pucca floor on either end should be adequate to provide safe hydraulic gradient and its thickness sufficient to counterbalance the total uplift pressure by gravity. The barrel shall be made of reinforced concrete box construction and its structural design is given subsequently.
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(6) Pucca Floor Provide pucca floor in half the transition length in the upstream and 3/4 th the length of expansion transition in the downstream. Length of pucca floor upstream = 1/2 X 11.7 = 5.85 m say 6.00 m Length of pucca floor downstream = 3/4 X 17.55 = 13.16 m = say 13.00 m The floor shall be subjected to static uplift and seepage head; it is maximum when high flood is passing through the drain and there is no flow in the barrel. The seepage head would be calculated by Bligh's theory. (7) Uplift pressures on the barrel floor and pucca floor (a) Static pressure At bottom of barrel floor Deepest invert level of the barrel = 248.40 m The thickness of the barrel is = 0.30 m The bottom level of the barrel floor = 248.10 m Assuming the sub-soil water level upto the bed level i.e.at R.L. static head = 250.00 248.10 = 1.90 m At the downstream end of barrel Floor level at d/s end of barrel = Assuming floor thickness at this point The bottom level of pucca floor = 248.972 = 246.972 Hence, Static head = 250.00 = 3.028 m At the upstream end of barrel Floor level at u/s end of barrel = 249.499 m Assuming floor thickness at this point 1.50 m, The bottom level of pucca floor = 249.499 1.50 = 247.999 m Hence, Static head = 250.62 247.999 = 2.619 m (b) Seepage head The seepage head will be maximum when the drain is running full and there is no flow in the canal. Thus total seepage head = = H.F.L. in the drain Bed level of canal = 253.25 250.00 = 3.25 m 248.972 m 2.00 m, 2.00 m 246.972
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At bottom of barrel floor The residual seepage head at point 'a' in the centre of the first barrel has been calculated by Bligh's theory. The seepage line would follow the path indicated by the line x a b y. Its total length (neglecting floor depression or thickness) is the sum of the following (i) (ii) (iii) Half the barrel span = Length of barrel in indicated portion = Length of pucca floor = 1.5 m 8.00 m 13.00 m
22.50 m and creep length upto point 'a' i.e. centre of first
c.c.floor
c.c.cutoff
8
13.00
a x
R.C.C.Barrel
b
1.5
Barrel Plan Residual seepage head point 'a' Thus total uplift in the barrel = 3.033 m 1.90 + 4.93 m 2 4.93 t/m 3.033
= = say
At the downstream end of barrel floor total creep length upto the end of barrel floor i.e. at point b = 1.5 = 9.5 Hence , Residual seepage head at this point = 1.88 Thus total uplift
+ m m
8.0
= Static uplift + residual seepage head = 3.028 + 1.88 = 4.905 m 4.905 The floor thickness required (sp.gr.=2.22) = ----------- = 2.22 Say Provide 2.20 m thick c.c.floor d/s and reduce it to thickness
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At the upstream end of barrel floor total creep length upto the end of barrel floor = 1.5 + = 17.5 m Hence , Residual seepage head at this point = Thus total uplift
16.00
0.83
= Static uplift + residual seepage head = 2.619 + 0.83 = 3.449 m 3.449 The floor thickness required (sp.gr.=2.22) = ----------- = 2.22 Say Provide 1.60 m thick c.c.floor u/s and reduce it to thickness
**********************
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STRUCURAL DESIGN
NAME OF WORK :DESIGN DATA : 1 UNIT WEIGHT OF DRY EARTH 2 UNIT WEIGHT OF SATURATED EARTH 3 UNIT WEIGHT OF SUBMERGED EARTH 4 UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE 5 ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION ( f ) 6 GRADE OF STEEL 7 GRADE OF CONCRETE 6 DIAMETER OF REINF. BARS Main Dist Fe M 1.60 2.00 1.00 2.40 30 415 20 16 12 2 3.00 2.50 0.30 254.00 253.25 251.20 4.93 F F Nos. m m m m m M t/m2 t/m3 t/m3 t/m t/m
3
Degree
7 NUMBER OF BARRELS 8 WIDTH OF EACH BARREL 9 HEIGHT OF EACH BARREL 10 THICKNESS OF BARREL 11 BANK LEVEL 11 DRAIN H.F.L. 12 LEVEL AT TOP OF BARREL 13 UPLIFT AT BASE OF BARREL
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(1) Critical section of the barrel The barrel shall be subjected to maximum loading under the bank at the lowest possible level of the barrel as indicated below in the following section:Bank level Saturation line 254.00 m 253.25 m R.L. 251.20 m
(2) Design features Following cosiderations have been made in the design of barrels : (i) Bottom slab : This design is for uplift pressure and reaction from soil resulting from the loading on the foundations. Theoretically, the soil reaction is not uniform but for simplification it is assumed uniform. (ii) side walls : Side walls would be tested in the following two critical conditions (a) High flood in the drain while barrels are empty (b) No water in the drain while barrels are full (iii) Partition walls : The partition walls are subjected to equal pressures on either side, and therefore,no reinforcement is required. Nominal reinforcement is, however, provided to take care of contingency arising due to unequal pressures resulting from chocking up of any of the barrels. (iv) Top slab : The loads considered for design of top slab are : (a) Earth load, (b) Weight of water below saturation line As there is no roadway along the drain, no live load due to traffic shall be considered. (3) Design As the barrels are rigidly joined, they should be designed as a continuous structure. Hardy Cross method of moment distribution shall be used for design. The effective length of horizontal member = 3.30 m The effective length of vertical member = 2.80 m Distribution factors At joint A For member AB = 2.8 2.8 + 3.3 + 3.3 = 0.46
For member AD
2.8
3.3
0.54
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For member DC (i) Dead loads Consider one meter length of barrel Depth of dry earth over barrel = Depth of saturated earth = Weight of dry and saturard earth = = Weight of top slab =
2.8
3.3
0.46
= =
Weight on the top slab including its own weight = = Weight of the barrels per metre of length =( 4 X 3.3 + 3 = 15.55 t Total dead load/m length of barrels Uplift/m length = 4.93 X
2.8
0.30 X
2.40
= = 6.90 =
5.3
6.90
Net vertical load acting on foundation = = Pressure on foundation soil = Pressure acting on the base slab 18.08 6.90 =
34.04
uplift 4.93
0.72
The earth pressure shall comprise of the following : (a) dry earth pressure above saturation line from R.L. (b) saturated earth pressure from R.L.
253.25 253.25
to to
254.00 248.25
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+ + 0.75
Cp = 1/3 Surcharge due to saturated earth Cp X ws X 2.20 + w X 2.20 + 1/3 X 1.0 X 2.20 + 1 X 2.20
2 3.33 t/m
Pressure at D
= = =
Cp X 1/3 X
ws 1.00
X X
2.8 + 2.8 +
w 1
X X
2.8 2.8
3.33 t/m
2 3.33 t/m
A
3.30
B
3.30
E
2.80
D
2 7.07 t/m
C
6.83 t/m
2
F
2 7.07 t/m
(iii) Fixing moments (i) On span AB = wl2 12 6.02 = = wl2 12 5.46 t-m 6.83 = = (iii) 6.20 t-m X 12 3.3
2
X 12
3.3
(ii)
On span CD
On span AD fixed end moments in the wall at each end due to rectangular portion wl2 12 3.33 = = 2.178 t-m X 12 2.8
2
Fixed end moments due to triangular portion 3.73 X 30 0.976 t-m 3.73 X 20 1.463 t-m 2.8
2
MAD MDA
= = = =
2.8
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= = = =
0.976
1.463
(iv) Distribution of moments Joints Distribution factors Fixed end moments Balance Carry over Balance Carry over Balance Carry over Balance Total C 0.46 -6.20 6.20 -1.18 -0.59 -0.29 -0.14 -0.09 -0.04 -0.02 -6.98 4.63 D 0.54 -3.64 -1.39 0.62 -0.34 0.19 -0.10 0.05 -0.02 -4.63 0.54 3.15 1.25 -0.69 0.37 -0.17 0.09 -0.05 0.03 3.98 A 0.46 -5.46 1.06 0.53 0.32 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.02 -3.98 6.19 5.46 B
(v) Net moments at centre and face Span AB 6.02 X 3.3 Sagging moments at face = ------------------2 = Fixing moments at face= 1.422 t-m 3.98 + = Net fixing moments at face = = = = Fixing moments at centre = = Net sagging moments at centre = = 3.15 ( 3.3 6.091 t-m 6.091 4.668 t-m 6.02 X 8 8.195 t-m 3.98 + 2 5.088 t-m 8.195 3.107 t-m 6.19 1.422 6.19 3.98 ) X 0.15 6.02 X 0.15 ----------------------------2
2
3.3
5.088
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Span CD 6.83 X 3.3 Sagging moments at face = -------------------2 = Fixing moments at face= 1.615 t-m 4.63 + 6.869 t-m = = = 6.869 5.255 t-m 6.83 X 8 = Fixing moments at centre = 9.303 t-m 6.98 + 2 = Net sagging moments at centre 5.804 t-m = = 9.303 3.498 t-m 5.804 4.63 1.6145 3.15 ( 3.3 6.98 4.63 ) 6.83 X 0.15 ---------------------------2
2
0.15 -
3.3
Span AD (a) Due to rectangular portion = = (a) 3.33 X 2 0.662 t-m 2.8 X 0.15 3.33 X 2 0.15
2
0.261
4.63
3.98 )
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= =
Sagging moments at centre (a) Due to rectangular portion = = (b) Due to triangular portion = = 3.33 3.27 t-m X 2.8 X 1 7.81 X 8 2.80
2
= = 3.98
1.87
= =
= =
4.31
The net moments at face and centre of the different spans are tabulated below : Span AB CD AD (vi) Thickness of members The maximum moment in the barrels is 5.25 t-m MOMENTS At face 4.67 t-m (hogging) 5.25 t-m (hogging) 3.67 t-m (hogging) 3.11 3.50 0.83 At centre t-m (sagging) t-m (sagging) t-m (sagging)
For M 20 grade concrete and steel of Fe 415 2 2 Kg/cm scbc = 70 sst = 1500.00 Kg/cm m = 13 k = 0.378 j = 0.874 Q = 11.552 The minimum effective thickness (d) required for bending moment 5 M 5.25 X 10 d = = bQ 100 X 11.55
= 21.33 cm Adopt overall thickness of all the members = Then effective thickness = (clear cover =
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Span AB & BE Moments in t-m At face At centre Span CD & CF Moments in t-m At face At centre Span AD & EF Moments in t-m At face At centre 3.67 t-m (hogging) Provide 0.83 t-m (sagging) Provide Reinforcement required At = 16 mm bars @ At = 16 mm bars @ 11.12 18.0 2.52 25.0 Cm2 cm c/c Cm2 cm c/c 5.25 t-m (hogging) Provide 3.50 t-m (sagging) Provide Reinforcement required At = 16 mm bars @ At = 16 mm bars @ 15.90 12.0 10.59 18.0 Cm2 cm c/c Cm2 cm c/c 4.67 t-m (hogging) Provide 3.11 t-m (sagging) Provide Reinforcement required At = 16 mm bars @ At = 16 mm bars @ 14.13 14.0 9.40 21.0 Cm
2
cm c/c 2 Cm cm c/c
Nominal steel shall also be provided on the outer face of the walls for the condition when there is no water in the drain and barrels are running full. The details of reinforcement are shown below
16 mm f @ 14.0 cm c/c 16 mm f @ 14.0 cm c/c 12 mm f @ A 16 mm f @ 21.0 cm c/c B 25.0 cm c/c E 0.30
C.C. M - 20
12 mm f @
25.0
cm c/c
2.50
0.30
0.30
3.00 m
0.30
3.00
0.30
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137889987.xls.ms_office
10000
DRAIN
m OF LMC GUDDA
TRANSITION WING
2.85
R.C.C. BARRELS
0.30 M THICK
A 18.00
CANAL
3.00
2.85
16.00
44.50
8.00
2.85
CONTRACTION TRANSITION
EXPANSION TRANSITION
11.7
68.50
17.55
PLAN
0.60 TH. EARTH FILL
TOP OF WING WALL R.L. 253.47 U/S F.S.L. 252.72 CANAL U/S BED R.L. R.L. 254.00 H.F.L. 253.25 TOP OF WING WALL
254.00
250.62
249.50
2.50
248.40
0.30 TH. R.C.C. BARREL LEAN CONCRETE C.C. BLOCK
248.97
D/S R.L.
C.C. BLOCK
5.70
6.00
16.00
44.50
8.00
13.00 17.55
4.55
11.7
68.50
SECTION AT A-A
R.L. 251.20
1 2 3 4 5
DETAILS OF PROTECTION WORKS U/S TOE WALL 0.40 X 0.80 U/S CUT OFF 0.50 X 1.00 C.C. BLOCK 0.50 X 0.50 D/S CUT OFF 0.50 X 1.50 D/S TOE WALL 0.40 X 1.00 0.15 M THICK 0.40 M THICK
SECTION AT B-B
Prepared by P.K. Nandwana 4/3/2013
Page 19
18.00
252.10 250.00
3.00
137889987.xls.ms_office
2.85
2.85
18.00
13.26
10.54
14.03
6.00 3.00 5.85 2.85 8.70 11.70 8.78 11.55 14.55 17.55
2.85
CONTRACTION TRANSITION
EXPANSION TRANSITION
1.15
1.60
2.20
3.25
1.70
3.25
1.30
3.25
3.25
13.00
18.00
8.29
6.49
6.30
6.30
7.04
8.29
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