INPLANT TRAINING REPORT ON RAILWAY

SUBMITTED BY G.RAKESHKANNAN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING RVS COLLEGE OF ENGG.&TECH. 12.12.11-17.12.11

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION RAIL TRANSPORT HISTORY REGIONAL ORGANISATION DIVISIONAL ORGANISATION DIVISIONAL ORGANISATION ENGINEERING ORGANISATION FACTS ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS FIRST/LONGEST/OLDEST IN INDIAN RAILWAYS PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS ZONES IN INDIAN RAILWAYS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION DEFECTS IN RAILWAY TRACKS SENSORS USED IN RAILWAY RAILWAY LIFTING COMMUNICATION THROUGH INDIAN RAILWAYS SOCIAL/ECONOMIC BENEFITS CONCLUSION

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MODE OF TRANSPORT Generally Transport means taking person from one place to another place .Transport are of following ways AIR TRANSPORT WATER TRANSPORT LAND TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT PIPELINE TRANSPORT CABLE TRANSPORT SPACE TRANSPORT RAIL TRANSPORT COMPONENTS OF A MODE OF TRANSPORT A transport mode is a combination of the following: Transportation infrastructure: thoroughfares, networks, hubs (stations, bus terminals, airport terminals) etc. Vehicles and containers: automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, wagons, trains, ships, and aircraft A stationary or mobile workforce Propulsion system and power supply (traction) Operations: driving, management, traffic signals, railway signalling, air traffic control, etc RAIL TRANSPORT Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on sleepers/ties and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. However, other variations are also possible, such as slab track where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. HISTORY The history of the growth, decline and resurgence of rail transport can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used. PRE STREAM

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The earliest evidence of a railway was a 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) Diolkos wagonway, which transported boats across the Corinth isthmus in Greece during the 6th century BC. Trucks pushed by slaves ran in grooves in limestone, which provided the track element. The Diolkos ran for over 600 years AGE OF STREAM A British steam locomotive-hauled train. The development of the steam engine during the Industrial revolution in the United Kingdom spurred ideas for mobile steam locomotives that could haul trains on tracks. James Watt's patented steam engines of 1769 (revised in 1782) were heavy low-pressure engines which were not suitable for use in locomotives ELECTRIFICATION AND DIESELISATION Experiments with electrical railways were started by Robert Davidson in 1838. He completed a battery-powered carriage capable of 6.4 km/h (4 mph). The Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway was the first to use electricity fed to the trains en-route, in 1881. The first conventional completely electrified railway mainline was the 106 km Valtellina line in Italy that was opened on 4 September 1902 REGIONAL ORGANISATION:ZONAL MANAGEMENT The current zones ,which manages the workshop, of the Indian Railways are: Name Central Railway Eastern Railway East Central Railway East Coast Railway Konkan Railway Northern Railway North Central Railway North Western Railway North Eastern Railway Northeast Frontier Railway Southern Railway South Central Railway South Eastern Railway South East Central Railway South Western Railway Western Railway West Central Railway Abbr. CR ER ECR ECoR KR NR NCR NWR NER NFR SR SCR SER SECR SWR WR WCR Headquarters Mumbai Kolkata Hajipur Bhubaneswar Panvel Delhi Allahabad Jaipur Gorakhpur Maligaon(Guwahati) Chennai Secunderabad Kolkata Bilaspur, CG Hubli Mumbai Jabalpur

DIVISIONAL ORGANISATION

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The Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) heads the organisation at the division level. There are currently 67 divisions on the system nationwide. The divisions are primarily involved with train running but may have loco sheds (repair shops for locomotives), coaching depots (repair home bases for passenger trains) and wagon depots (repair and maintenance points for freight stock). Each division has all the functional (both line and staff) organisations. The heads of these functional groups report to the DRM for administrative purposes but rely on guidance from the railway board and the zonal headquarters for policy guidelines. LIST OF DIVISIONS OF INDIAN RAILWAYS There are 68 divisions in Indian railways. Some of them mentioned here. Name Central East Central East Coast Eastern North Central North Eastern North Western Northeast Frontier CR ECR ECoR ER NCR NER NWR NFR Abbr. Route KMs 3905 3628 Headquarters Mumbai Hajipur Divisions Mumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur

Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur 2572 Bhubaneswar Khurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam 2414 Kolkata Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda 3151 Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi 3667 Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi 5459 Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur Alipurduar, Katihar, Rangia, Lumding, 3907 Guwahati Tinsukia ENGINEERING ORGANISATION

A typical division has an average track length of about 1000 km and staff strength of about 15000. All the departments and services of the Indian Railways are represented in a Division. I am from electronics department and so I specified it. Some other important departmentsalso specified here Name of Department Engineering Department Signal & Telecommunication Engineering Department Headed by Senior Divisional Engineer Senior Divisional Signal & Telecommunication Engineer Abbre. Role and function Maintenance of all fixed assets of the Division, i.e. Track, Bridges, Buildings, Roads, Water supply etc. Management of the signal &telecommunication (S&T) infrastructure of division for Safe Train operations;

Sr.DEN

Sr.DSTE

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Medical Department Safety Department Accounts Department Security Department

Chief Medical Superintendent

CMS

Senior Divisional Sr.DSO Safety Officer Senior Divisional Sr. DAO Accounts Officer Senior Divisional Security Sr. DSC Security of railway material Commandant FACTS ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS

Providing medical facilities to railway employees and their families Ensuring safety of train operations Financial management of the division

The total distance covered by the 14,300 trains on the Indian Railways everyday, equals three & half times the distance to moon The first train on Indian soil ran between Bombay and Thane on the 16th of April 1853 IR has about 63,028 route kms. of track IR employs about 1.55 million people It carries over 13 million passengers & 1.3 million tones of freight everyday It runs about 14,300 trains daily IR has about 7,000 railway stations The longest platform in the world is at Kharagpur and is 2,733 ft. in length Nehru Setu on Sone River is the longest Railway bridge 42 Railway companies operated in the country before independence Electric Locomotives are manufactured at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan Coaches are manufactured at ICF/Chennai, RCF/Kapurthala and BEML/Bangaluru The national Rail Museum at New Delhi was set-up in 1977 People Employed in Indian Railway are about 1.6 million Stations across State Lines are Navapur (Maharashtra and Gujarat) and Bhawani Mandi (Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan) FIRST/LONGEST/OLDEST IN INDIAN RAILWAYS

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First Passenger Train Ran On First Railway Bridge First Rail Tunnel First Ghats Covered by the Rail lines First Underground Railway First Computerized Reservation System started in First Electric Train ran on Shortest Station Name Longest Station Name Busiest Railway Station Longest Railway Bridge

16th April 1853 (between Bombay to Thane) Dapoorie Viaduct on the Mumbai-Thane route Parsik Tunnel Thal and Bhore Ghats Calcutta METRO

New Delhi (1986)

3rd Feb' 1925 (between Bombay VT and Kurla) Ib (Orissa) Sri Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta (Tamil Nadu) Lucknow (64 trains everyday) Nehru Setu on Sone River (10044ft in length) Karbude On Konkan Railway between Monkey hill & Khandala (6.5 km) Fairy Queen (1855), still in working order Bhopal-Shatabdi (runs at a speed up to 140 Km/ph) Howrah-Amritsar Express (115 halts)

Longest Tunnel

Oldest Preserved Locomotive Indian Railway's Fastest Train Train with Maximum Number of Halts

GAUGE WISE ROUTES

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The gauge-wise route and track lengths of the systems as on 31st March, 2007 are as under:Gauge Broad Gauge (1.676 mm) Meter Gauge (1.000 mm) Route in Km 49,820 10,621 Running Track in Km 71,015 11,487 2,888 Total Tack in Km 93,386 13,412 3,198

Narrow gauge(762 & 610 mm) 2,886

PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS There are ten public undertakings under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways, viz. 1. Rail India Technical & Economic Services Limited (RITES) 2. Indian Railway Construction (IRCON) International Limited 3. Indian Railways Finance Corporation Limited (IRFC) 4. Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) 5. Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (IRCTC) 6. Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC) 7. Railtel Corporation of India Limited (Rail Tel) 8. Mumbai Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (MRVNL) 9. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) 10. Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL)

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The Research, Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) at Lucknow is the R & D wing of Indian Railways. It functions as a consultant to the Indian Railways in technical matters. It also provides consultancy to other organizations connected with railway manufacture and design.

ZONES IN INDIAN RAILWAYS

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The network is divided into 16 zones. Divisions are basic operating units..Co-operation between public and Railway Administration is secured through Zonal Railway User's Consultative Committees and Divisional Railway User's Consultative Committees. Zonal Railways Central Eastern Northern Northern-Eastern North-East Frontier Southern South Central South-Eastern Western East Central Railway East Coast Railway North Central Railway North Western Railway South-East Central Railway South-Western Railway West Central Railway Mumbai CST Kolkata New Delhi Gorakhpur Maligaon (Guwahati) Chennai Secunderabad Kolkata Church Gate, Mumbai Hajipur Bhubaneshwar Allahabad Jaipur Bilaspur Hubli Jabalpur SIGNAL TRANSMISSION Headquarters

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IR uses several kinds of signals. Semaphore signals have generally given way to colour-light signals although there are still many places with semaphore signalling in use. Semaphore signals are the older style signals seen widely throughout the country, where each signal has an assembly with an arm mounted on a mast, where the arm can move through two or three different positions at different angles, each position providing a distinct signalling aspect. Very early in India's railway history, two-position lower-quadrant semaphore signals were the most prevalent. Around the 1930s, however, the introduction of American style power signalling equipment in some areas resulted in three-position upperquadrant signalling being introduced as well, although both systems continued in use for many decades afterwards. It is not clear when distant signals were introduced.

Colour-light signals are assemblies of lamps that indicate different aspects by means of different colours of lamps that are lit. Colour-light signals were introduced in 1928 but were slow to take off. In recent years many older semaphore signals have been replaced by colourlight signals.

Position-light signals are assemblies of lamps where the signal aspect is indicated not by colour but rather by the combination of the lamps that are lit.

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Disc signals are in the form of a vertical disc with a pattern such as a bar painted on it, which rotates about its centre to different positions to indicate different signal aspects. These are usually mounted on poles but may be close to ground level. Target signals have a vertical disc (or two parallel vertical discs) which can rotate about a vertical axis so as to present the disc either face-on or edge-on to an observer along the track. Usually a lamp is provided behind the disc (or between the parallel discs) which is visible only when the discs are oriented edge-on. This type of signal is almost always at ground level.In the following, 'on' refers to that position of a signal which shows its most restrictive indication (in accordance with IR's terminology). DIFFERENT SIGNALING SYSTEMS USED IN INDIAN RAIL WAYS Two-aspect Lower Quadrant semaphore signalling (2LQ) Modified Lower Quadrant semaphore signalling (MLQ) Multiple Aspect Upper Quadrant semaphore signalling (MAUQ) Two-aspect Colour-Light signalling (2CL) Three-aspect Colour-Light signalling (3CL) Four-aspect Colour-Light signaling

Stop signals controlling the approach to goods yards have a black ring fixed to the end of the semaphore arm.Semaphore signals controlling lines for dock platforms have a black semicircle (in the shape 'D') fixed to same. Again, no corresponding indication is provided for a colour-light signal. Two crossed bars in the form of a large 'X' attached to a signal of (stop signals, shunt signals, etc.) indicate that useless signal. It is shown below.

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DEFECTS IN RAILWAY TRACKS Railway track can be of irregular.It can be identified by following machines

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THICKNESS GAUGE

FEATURES PC COMPATIBLE WITH MEMORY OF 1000 READINGS AUTO/MANUAL CALIBRATION OPERATION

ULTRASONIC TEST ELECTRONICS

DUT-31-XX is a state-of-the-art digital electronics, which is easily configurable for a specific application. Its specifications are comparable to the best available in the industry. FEATURES Modern, state-of-the-art digital technology Suitable for single channel to multichannel applications High performance, stringent specifications .

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DIGITAL AXLE TESTER FEATURES

Tough, weather protected industrial housing Small compact size, light weight Choice of Colour TFT / Monochrome Display with excellent visibility Fast update rate, High speed digitizer Active peak memory, PC compatible

SENSORS USED IN RAILWAY One of the sensor is pressure sensor which was discussed here. PRESSURE SENSOR

The one-piece stainless steel sensing element has no oil, welds or internal o-rings. This is the rugged base of the sensor that will offer repeatable results over a wide operating and media temperature range. The sensing element is then packaged with a fully welded housing and a variety of electrical connections to protect against the elements and simply system integration. BENEFITS All media insolation, no leak path High electrical isolation (1,000 V) Sealed against water, snow and ice Wide operating temperature (-40 to 105*C) Excellent long-term stability

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APPLICATIONS Compressor Controls Braking Systems Hydraulic Systems Hydrostatic Level Measurement in Diesel Fuel Tanks Filtration Monitoring RAILWAY LIFTING

LIFTS FOR RAILWAY TRACKS IME-Autolift provides a wide variety of lifts for railway vehicles of all types. Amongst these are an extensive range of mobile lifting jacks for rail vehicles from light-rail carriages to complete heavy-rail multiple units, as well as stationary train lifting systems and liftingturning devices.

RAIL VEHICLE MOBILE JACKING IME-Autolift offers three different column structures of mobile lifting jacks for rail vehicles: Mobile lifting jacks from 8t-10t capacity per jack for lifting trams, metros and wagons Mobile lifting jacks from 12t-20t capacity per jack for lifting complete trains, heavy wagons and light locomotives Mobile lifting jacks from 20t-25t capacity per jack for lifting complete trains and heavy locomotives.

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STATIONARY TRAIN LIFTING SYSTEM IME-Autolift stationary, underfloor lifting systems offer fast lifting of complete trains directly under the bogies. Equipped with supporting columns, bogies can be quickly and easily When the lift has descended, its workshop area remains clear of machinery and can be easily used for other equipment or by personnel carrying out other tasks

TRAIN LIFTING TURNING DEVICE IME-Autolift offers a range of different lifting-turning systems for wagon manufacturers. Welding works on wagon-frames are made especially easy by using IME-Autolift liftingturning devices. CUSTOMISED LIFTS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES All IME-Autolift lifts are designed to specific requirements to precisely suit each client's needs. IME-Autolift railway vehicle lifts are distinguished for high quality, efficiency and productivity, as well as affordable prices. COMMUNICATION THROUGH INDIAN RAILWAYS Communication through railway is WALKY TALKY What bullet-proof jackets are to law enforcement officers, walkie-talkies are to Indian Railway drivers and guards: The last resort for preventing a tragedy. Few items are more critical to Railways safety than walkie-talkies. They provide an emergency communication option to avert disaster or immediately summon an Accident Relief Train (ART) in case of a mishap. Compromising on the quality of this instrument by tampering with its purchase process can lead to more blood on the tracks The Statesman's investigations reveal that the Railways have a shocking history of corruption in the purchase of walkie-talkies ~ thousands of defective sets have allegedly been purchased and put to use over the past decade.

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 Railways began mass-procurement of walkie-talkies in the aftermath of the 1999 Gaisal accident, an incident that led to Mr Nitish Kumar's resignation as minister. Many lakh instruments worth hundreds of crore of rupees have since been purchased by the Railways via the Rate Contract (RC) through the Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D), a procedure wherein prices are set annually.

Highly placed sources said corruption in walkie-talkie procurement begins with the registration of suppliers at DGS&D and resurfaces during quality inspections. Particular to Railways, suppliers give bribes at the division-level to generate a demand, at the zonal level where technical suitability is recommended and orders placed, and again at the division-level at delivery time. Suppliers have agents across zones that negotiate percentages. Without bribes to officials, which aggregate close to 10 per cent of purchase value according to a senior official, no instrument can be supplied to Railways. Fixed prices and the burden of bribes have created fertile conditions for suppliers to compromise on quality, a well-respected retired official said on condition of anonymity.

Research Design & Standards Organisation (RDSO), central to most procurement rackets in Railways, has no business, as it were, in the DGS&D Rate Contract. However, according to sources, under the guise of checking instrument quality against a "military standard", senior telecom officials at RDSO have also allegedly extracted several rounds of bribes from walkie-talkie suppliers in the past year.

SOCIAL/ECONOMIC BENEFITS

It facilitate long distance travel and transport of bulky goods which are not easily transported through motor vehicles. It is a quick and more regular form of transport because it helps in the transportation of goods with speed and certainty. It helps in the industrialization process of a country by easy transportation of coal and raw-materials at a cheaper rate. It helps in the quick movement of goods from one place to another at the time of emergencies like famines and scarcity.

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It encourages mobility of labour ad thereby provides a great scope for employment. Railway is the safest form of transport. CONCLUSION From this we can understand the concept of how we enroll our name in Indian railways as a designation of engineer. we understand the concept of how train can run and how can lift heavy vehicle or load in railway track. just we know how signal can be transmitted through signal coverage area. We know clearly level crossings area how train crosses its limit. Station master plays a vital role in railways. This may be clearly known by me is railway is the major component in the human being life. SLOGANS FOR RAILWAYS

THE BEST SAFETY DEVICE IS A CAREFUL MAN. MAKE SAFE WORKING A DAILY HABIT. ALWAYS ALERT - ACCIDENT AVERT. LIFE IS PRECIOUS - BE SAFETY CONSCIOUS. ACCIDENT HAPPENS WHERE SAFETY ENDS. A MINOR OMMISSION SPELLS A MAJOR DISASTER. A LEVER COLLAR BUTTON CAP ON, WILL SAVE A COLLSION. ALWAYS VIGILANT - SAFE WORKING. PROPER SCHEDULE MAINTENANCE- SAFE EQUIPMENTS WORKNG. SCHEDULE INSPECTIONS - SAFE EQUIPMENTS FUNCTIONING.

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