1

I
I
I
SAT I: Reasoning Test
Saturday, November 1996
357
Section 1
1
.1Many cultural historians believe that language
, has a purpose: it serves not only as a
means of communication but also as a means
of defining culture.
(A) foreign (B) literary (C) false
(0) duai (E) direct
In 1859 Black pioneer Clara Brown turned
the unpromising conditions that had _._-
many other settlers of the mining camp into a
source of ._ .. by starting her own business.
(A) discouraged .. reconciliation
(B) defeated .. prosperity
(C) elevated .. happiness
(D) aided .. opportunity
(E) delayed .. unity
While the island country's dramatists typically
use -.-- settings and myths, their themes are
not .--- their country alone; indeed, many plays
are appreciated worldwide for their insightful
treatment of common human issues.
(A) ancient .. condescending to
(B) modest .. concerned with
(C) native .. limited to
(D) ordinary .. lobbying for
(E) cosmopolitan .. indebted to
1 1 1 1
1
:;:
Far from ---- the old social inequities, the law
---- new ones by virtue of the loopholes it left
for the wealthy.
(A) eradicating .. created
(B) jeopardizing .. corrected
(C) placating .. eliminated
(0) duplicating .. avoided
(E) corroborating .. anticipated
The use of gospel music in the modem
production of the ancient Greek tragedy is
effective, in spite of seeming ---- to critics
interested only in historical accuracy.
(A) felicitous (B) inevitable
(C) anachronistic (0) timeless
(E) exemplary
It has been suggested that the detailed listings
of animals, plants, and minerals by their
usefulness to humans indicate the of the
ancient Mesopotamians.
(A) irrationality (B) humanity
(C) temerity (0) serendipity
(E) anthropocentrism
Buildings designed exclusively for strength
and stability, structures for which only
considerations have been taken into account,
are properly works of engineering, not true
architecture.
(A) utilitarian (B) grandiose
(C) imaginative (0) aesthetic
(E) external
Many healing practices that doctors once
derided as ---- have now been sanctioned by
the medical community .
(A) benign (B) diagnostic
(C) inefficacious (D) discretionary
(E) therapeutic
Sometimes forgetting that rationality is only
one part of a person's experience, Andrew
takes an excessively ---- approach to life.
(A) cerebral (B) obdurate (C) sensitive
(0) pretentious (E) enervated
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Copyright 1996 by Educational Testing Service and College Entrance Examination Board.
All rights reserved.
363
364
1
1
. B I,h:.
CllUMlh1ll\AM):;
(A) ... :-"
(II) .,...; .....

(O}.-:.-.. .

III BRUISE: SKIN ::
(A) muscle: bone
(B) smudge: blemish
(C) rash: allergy
(D) layer: veneer
(E) stain: fabric
1
CARPENTER: WOODWORK::
(A) guitarist: pick
(B) cook: heat
(C) sculptor: studio
(0) weaver: cloth
(E) potter: shape
1 1 1
.. WALK: SCURRY::
(A) march: follow
(B) caroll8e:revel
(C) nap: sleep
(0) impress: notice
(E) jog: sprint
1
REGALE:ENTERTAIN::
(A) extol: praise
(B) educate: learn
(C) beautify: refresh
(0) tempt: repel
(E) hide: secrete
.. RECYCLE: WASTE::
(A) salvage: rescuer
(B) restate: emphasis
(C) recall: product
(0) reclaim: land
(E) irrigate: earth
FLORID: PROSE::
(A) detailed: sketch
(B) melodious: music
(C) colorful: cliche
(0) tragic: play
(E) ornate: building
1
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Quest
The e.
Japan
and Tl
in 19S
One
across
meet,
to rna:
descril
ily," S
After i
arrang
tral he
wome
be a gl
mothe
and di
is mer
home.
family
In t:
was IX
marria
when
Banan
All
cating
The
their s
"Have
II Kiots
careful
My
house
travelt
althou
a belie
that Sl
mym(
quiver
our AI
And
female
sions \
mistre
iday w
And
floor, (
comb,
teeth (
trying
pursue
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
Each passage below is followed by questions baactlon its COIlteat. Auwer the queetiou on the -. of
what is!Wd or ilJlplied in each passage and in any introductory material that may ...
Questions 16-21 are based on the foiiowing passage.
The excerpt below is from a memoir written by a
Japanese American woman whose mother was born
and raised in Japan. The memoir was first published
in 1992.
Once, in a cross-cultural training manual, I came
across a riddle. In Japan, a young man and woman
meet and fall in love. They decide they would like
lint to marry. The young man goes to his mother and
./5/ describes the situation. III will visit the girl's fam-
ily/' says the mother. "I will seek their approval."
After some time, a meeting between mothers is
arranged. The boy's mother goes to the girl's ances-
tral house. The girl's mother has prepared tea. The
1101 women talk about the fine spring weather: will this
be a good year for cherry blossoms? The girl's
mother serves a plate of fruit. Bananas are sliced
and displayed in an exquisite design. Marriage never
is mentioned. After the tea, the boy's mother goes
!lSI home. If I am so sorry," she tells her son. "The other
family has declined the match."
In the training manual, the following question
was posed. How did the boy's mother know the
marriage was unacceptable? That is easy, I thought
1311 when I read it. To a Japanese, the answer is obvious.
Bananas do not go well with tea.
All of my life, I have been fluent in communi-
cating through discordant fruit.
The Japanese raise their daughters differently than
!2S1 their sons. "Gambatte!" they exhort their sons.
"Have courage, be like the carp, swim upstream!"
"Kiotsukete," they caution their daughters. "Be
careful, be modest, keep safe."
My mother was raised in a world such as this, in a
house of tradition and myth. And although she has
traveled across continents, oceans, and time,
although she considers herself a modem woman-
a believer in the sunlight of science it is a world
that surrounds her still. Feudal Japan floats around
my mother. Like an unwanted pool of ectoplasm, it
quivers with supernatural might. It followed her into
our American home and governed my girlhood life.
And so, I was shaped. In that feudal code, all
females were silent and yielding. Even their posses-
sions were accorded more rights than they. For, if
mistreated, belongings were granted an annual hol-
iday when they could spring into life and complain.
And so, I was haunted. If I left my clothes on the
flOOf, or my bicycle in the rain; if I yanked on the
comb with roughness; if it splintered and lost its
teeth (and I did these things often and deliberately,
trying to challenge their spell); then my misdeeds
plll1lued me in dreams.
While other children were learning that in America
(50) you get what you ask for, I was being henpecked by
inanimate objects. While other children were learning
to speak their minds, I was locked in a losing struggle
for dominance with my clothing, my toys, and my
tools.
(55) The objects meant me no harm; they meant to
humble and educate me. "Ownership," they told me
"means obligation, caretaking, reciprocity." And
although I was a resistant student, in time I was
trained. Well maintained, my possessions live long,
useful, and mercifully quiet lives of service.
.. The "plate of fruit" (line 12) in the anecdote
serves primarily as
(A) a sign that the young woman's mother is a
generous host
(B) an example of the family's goodwill
(C) a symbol of affection
(D) a means of communication
(E) an opportunity to display good taste
.. In line 16, "declined" most nearly means
(A) grown less well
(B) refused to approve
(C) sloped sharply away
(D) fallen out of love
(E) been unable to understand
Which of the following most nearly expresses
what the author means by being "fluent in
communicating through discordant fruit"
(lines 22-23) ?
(A) She has an aversion to certain foods.
(B) She is able to speak her mind clearly.
(C) She. is able to adapt to the values of
cultures other than ner own.
(D) She understands various indirect forms of
expression.
(E) She is sensitive to the feelings of others.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
The reading passages in this test are brief excerpts or adaptations
of excerpts from published material. The ideas contained in them
do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board
or Educational Testing Service. To make the text suitable for
testing purposes, we may in some cases have altered the style,
contents, or point of view of the original.
365
366
1
1 1 1
The distinction between "Gambatte" (line 25)
and II Kiotsukete" (line 27) is the distinction
between
(A) tradition and innovation
(8) passion and feeling
(C) age and youth
(D) intuition and wisdom
(E) perseverance and prudence
III The carp is mentioned in line 26 as a symbol of
(A) food that the narrator likes
(B) the behavior expected of boys
(C) a traditional view of nature
(D) the link between humans and nature
(E) certain kinds of foolish behavior
1 1 1 1
1
The author implies that she felt different from
other children because
(A) they seldom faced the hardships that she
had to face every day
(B) she did not know how to take care of
things as well as they did
(C) her mother was always criticizing her
(0) she felt guilty about rejecting the
traditions of her parents
(E) she was discouraged from asserting herself
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Q
H
til
to
th
ra!
sit
Line cal
(5) g61
be
arr
as
(10) nOl
no
pril
Thl
stel
(15) abo
the
the'
thai
an 1
(20) inte
anir
T
ZOOI
bela
(25) and
to e:
scali
surv
safet
(30) faun
carir
great
anirr
anim
(35) how
raise I
In
have
with
(40) phera
some
than
attun
acrosl
(45) social
their
even I
survh
But
(50) vacuu
tances
bored.
intelIi,
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
Questions 22-31 are based on the following passage.
How "wild" can animals be after several genera-
tions in captivity? A nature writer who has traveled
to zoos around the world discusses this subject in
the excerpt below.
Many zoos in the United States have undergone
radical changes in philosophy and design. Allpos
sible care is taken to reduce the stress of living in
Line captivity. Cages and grounds are landscape to make
(5)gon1las feel immersed in vegetation, as they would
be in a Congo jungle. Zebras gaze across vistas
arranged to appear (to zoo visitors, at least) nearly
as broad as an African plain.
Yet, strolling past animals in zoo after zoo, I have
(w) noticed the signs of hobbled energy that has found
no release-large cats pacing in a repetitive pattern,
primates rocking for hours in one comer of a cage.
These truncated movements are known as cage
stereotypes, and usually these movements bring
IISI about no obvious physical or emotional effects in
the captive animal. Many animal specialists believe
they are more troubling to the people who watch
than to the animals themselves. Such restlessness is
an unpleasant reminder that - despite the careful
Ito) interior decorating and clever optical illusions - zoo
animals are prisoners, being kept in elaborate cells.
The rationale for breeding endangered animals in
zoos is nevertheless compelling. Once a species falls
below a certain number, it is beset by inbreeding *
(2SI and other processes that nudge it closer and closer
to extinction. If the animal also faces the whole
scale destruction of its habitat, its one hope for
survival lies in being transplanted to some haven of
safety, usually a cage. In serving as trusts for rare
l.1l)Buna, zoos have committed millions of dollars to
caring for animals. Many zoo managers have given
great consideration to the psychological health of the
animals in their care. Yet the more I learned about
animals bred in enclosures, the more I wondered
(351 how their sensibilities differed from those of animals
raised to roam free.
In the wild, animals exist in a world of which we
have little understanding. They may communicate
with their kind through "languages" that are indeci-
(<<II pherable by humans. A few studies suggest that
some species perceive landscapes much differently
than people do; for example, they may be keenly
attuned to movement on the faces of mountains or
across the broad span of grassy plains. Also, their
t451 social structures may be complex and integral to
their well-being. Some scientists believe they may
even develop cultural traditions that are key to the
survival of populations.
But when an animal iscynfined, itJives...within.a
,501 vacuum. If it is accustomed to covering long dis
tances in its searches for food, it grows lazy or
bored. It can make no decisions for itself; its
intelligence and wild skills atrophy from lack of
use. It becomes, in a sense, one of society's charges,
(55, completely dependent on humans for nourishment
and care.
How might an animal species be changed-subtly,
imperceptibly - by spending several generations in
a pen? I posed that question to the curator of birds
(60) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, which is a
breeding center for the endangered California condor.
"I always have to chuckle when someone asks me
that," the curator replied. "Evolution has shaped
the behavior of the condor for hundreds of years. If
(65) you think I can change it in a couple of generations,
you're giving me a lot of credit."
Recently the condor was reintroduced into the
California desert-only a moment after its capture,
in evolutionary terms. Perhaps the curator was
(70) right; perhaps the wild nature of the birds would
emerge unscathed, although I was not convinced.
But what of species that will spend decades or
centuries in confinement before they are released?
Inbreeding, which refers to the mating of offspring of the same
parents, often amplifies any genetic weaknesses a species may
have.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) highlight the improvements in the condi
tions of American zoos
(8) examine behavioral traits of animals living
in zoos
(C) prompt scientists to conduct more research
on animal behavior
(0) raise concerns about the confinement of
wild animals in zoos
(E) suggest alternative ways of protecting
endangered species
On the whole, the auth6r's attitude toward
captive breeding is one of
(A) sympathy (B) puzzlement
(C) indifference (0) ambivalence
(E) disgust
.. The primary f u n ~ t i o n of the second paragraph
(lines 921) is to show that
(A) wild animals adapt to their cages by
modifying their movements
(B) improvements in zoo design have not had
the intended effects
(C) confined animals are not being seriously
harmed
(0) zoos are designed with the reactions of
spectators in mind
(E) people are overly sensitive to seeing
animals in captivity
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
367
1
1
One of the major. implications of the passage is
that
(A) animals bred in captivity are as likely to
survive in the wild as are wild animals
(B) zoos do a disservice to animals by trying
to entertain zoo visitors
(C) animal extinctions can mainly be attributed
to human activity
(D) present methods of protecting animal
populations may be flawed
(E) public concerns about the extinction of
species have been exploited by the media
in the fourth paragraph (lines 37-48), the
author's most important point is that animals
in the wild
(A) perceive landscapes differently than do
animals in captivity
(B) have modes of communicating that are
very similar to those of humans
(C) are likely to live longer than animals kept
in zoos
(D) depend on the care and support of others
of their species
(E) may have highly developed sensibilities
about which scientists know little
Which of the following best describes the
reiationship between the fourth paragraph
(lines 37-48) and the fifth paragraph
(lines 49-56) ? '
(A) The fourth paragraph presents a question
that is answered in the fifth paragraph.
(B) The fourth paragraph contains an assertion
that is evaluated in the fifth paragraph.
(C) The fifth paragraph describes a contrast to
the situation presented in the fourth
paragraph.
(D) The fifth paragraph discusses the second
part of the process described in the fourth
paragraph.
(E) The fifth paragraph describes the cause of
the situation discussed in the fourth
paragraph.
- - - - -
1 1 1 1
1
., In line 54, "charges" most .nearly means
(A) costs
.(B) responsibilities
(C) demands
(D) accusations
(E) attacks
The curator's primary point in lines 62-66 is
that .
(A) people's ideas about the power of humans
to alter animal behavior are presump-
tuous
(B) scientists should strive to mimic natural
selection more closely
(C) animals have little trouble adapting their
behavior to captive environments
(D) animals have been surviving for years
without the intervention of humans
(E) captive breeding is essential to the survival
of animals
.. The author's attitude toward the curator's state-
ment in lines 62-66 can best be described as
(A) ironic
(B) objective
(C) hopeless
(D) doubtful
(E) offended
It can be inferred from the passage that the
author believes that wild animals
(A) should be removed from their natural
habitats only in dire circumstances
(B) suffer few long-tenn consequences from
changes in their habitat
(C) are pawns in a political battle over the
protection of wildlife habitats
(D) provide an inadequate source of data for
the experimental designs of captive
breeding habitats
(E) fulfill the expectations of zoo visitors who
hope to see animals behave as they
would have before they were captured
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ISection 21
1. The '* of. c:aJ.cmlator is permitted.. AllDt.lDlbers WJed are real numbers.
2. Pipres. U. Ua thia teat are illtelUted to provide information useful in solving
the problctu. are .. II aecurately ... poteibleUCIPT When it is stated in a specific
pJOIilem that the 8pre is DOt dawn to acale. All flpr:a lie ill pIaD.e UDleu otherwise indicated.

a
C=lar A=!bb V=1wlJ V=V'b c2=a"+b2
1be number of depeei of 81'C in a eifele ia 360.
The IIlea8UIe irl degrees of a straight agle is ISO.
The sum of the measures in depees of the m,cles of a triaDgle is ISO .

x 2
If '9 - 3" I then x =
(A)
3
(B) 3
(C) 6
(0) 7
(E) 27
2
What is the perimeter of the triangle above?
(A) 30
(B) 45
(C) 47
(0) 50
(E) 55
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
369
370
COMPACTCAR PRODUCTION IN YEAR X
Company
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q A
Company
~ ~ ~ B
~ = 200,000 compact cars
According to the chart aCH:)ve, Company A
produced approximately how many more com-
pact cars in year X than Company B did?
(A) 200,000
(B) 250,000
(C) 300,000
(0) 400,000
(E) 500,000
A certain state requires that an applicant for
a driver's license answer at least 80 percent of
the questions on a written test correctly. If the
test has 30 questions on it, at least how many
of these questions must be answered correctly?
(A) 20
(B) 21
(C) 22
(0) 23
(E) 24
(9-0:
A D
In the rectangular solid above, AD = 6,
CD .. 8, and BC = iCD. What is the volume
of the solid?
(A) 18
(B) 144
(C) 192
(0) 208
(E) 384
For which of the following ordered pairs
(s, t) is s + t > 2 and s - t < -3 ?
(A) (3,2)
(B) (2, 3)
(C) (1,8)
(0) (i, )
(E) (0,3)
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I
t>
If !.. I, then x + y ..
y
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) x
(D) y
(E) 2x
Yesterday Art earned $10.00 less than Bill, and
today Art earned $7.50 more than Bill. Which
of the following must be true about Art's total
earnings for the two days compared to Bill's?
(A) Art earned ~ of what Bill earned.
(B) Art earned $17.50 more than Bill.
(C) Art earned $2.50 more than Bill.
(D) Art earned $2.50 less than Bill.
(E) Art earned $17.50 less than Bill.
If F + 5 .. 22, then k
2
- 5 -
(A) 12
(B) 17
(C) 39
(D) 144
(E) 284
.. If a line ~ is perpendicular to a segment AB
at point E and AE .. EB, how many points
on line ~ are the same distance from point
A as from point B?
(A) None
(B) One
(C) Two
(0) Three
(E) All points
If r, 5, and t are integers greater than I,
where r5 - 15 and st .. 33, which of the
following must be true?
(A) t > r > 5
(B) 5 > t > r
(C) 5 > r > t
(0) r > t > 5
(E) r> 5 > t
n p
~ ~ - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - ~
In the figure above, line ~ is parallel to
line m. Which of the following pairs of
angles have equal measures?
I. 1 and 4
II. 3 and 8
m. 5 and 7
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and m only
(0) II and m only
(E) I, II, and m
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371
372
A total of 60 advertisements were sold for
a schooi yearbook. If 20 percent of the first
20 sold were in color, 40 percent of the next
30 sold were in color, and 80 percent of the
last 10 sold were in color, what percent of
the 60 advertisements were in color?
(A) 30%
( B) 33l.%
3 .
(e) 40%
(D) .46j%
(E) 60%
... Let ~ be defi:d fm all numbers a,
b, c, and d by V -ac bd. If
x - V' whati,thevalueof 0'
(A) 1
(B) 2
(e) 18
(D) 38
(E) 178
The sum of the integers t and w is 495. The
units digit of t is O. If t is divided by 10, the
result is equal to w. What is the value of t?
(A) 40
(B) 45
(C) 245
(D) 250
(E) 450
.. A certain college offers students two monthly
options for local telephone service.
Option A: Unlimited number of local calls
for $20.00 per month
Option B: Basic charge of $15.00 per
month plus $0.10 charge for
each local call
What is the least number of local calls in a
month for which option A is less expensive
than option B ?
(A) 5
(B) 15
(e) 49
(D) 50
(E) 51
Points X and Yare the endpoints of a line
segment, and the length of the segment is
less than 25. There are five other points on
the line segment, R, S, T, U, and V,
which are located at distances of I, 3, 6, 10,
and 13, respectively, from point X. Which
of the points could be the midpoint of X Y ?
(A) R
(B) S
(e) T
'. (0)' U
(E) V
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
..
The positive difference between k and A is
the same as the positive difference between
i and j. Which of the following could be
the value of k '!
(A) 1.
7
(B) 1.
6
7
(C) 24
23
(D) 24
(E) ~
3
In the figure above, 0 is the center of the
circle of radius to. What is the area of 6AOB '!
(A) 25
(B) 50
(C) 25
re
2
(D) 20re
(E) 25re
Five students are to be photographed for the
school paper. They are to be arranged standing
side by side in a single row with the tallest
student in the center and the two shonest
students on the ends. If no two students are
the same height, how many different arrange-
ments are possible'!
(A) Two
(B) Four
(C) Five
(D) Six
(E) Ten
In a plane, two regions, Sand T, are called
"unlinked" if
(1) S has no points in common with T,
and
(2) any line segment that can be drawn
with both endpoints in S has no
points in common with any line
segment that can be drawn with both
endpoints in T.
Which of the following shows a pair of regions
that are unlinked'!
(A)
(B)
~
(C)
Ed
(D)
(E)
(
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
373
374
.. A ball is dropped from 192 inches above level
ground and after the third bounce it rises to a
height of 24 inches. If the height to which the
ball rises after each bounce is always the same
fraction of the height reached on its previous
bounce, what is this fraction?
(A) ~
(B) .1
4
1
(C) .=.
3
(D) ~
(E) ~
3
1
... O.ON
x
1
- = O.OOP
y
.. The fractions .1 and .1 can be written as
x y
decimals as shown above, where Nand P
represent different digits. Vv'hich of the
following is equal to J.. if S equals N
. xy
times P and S is a digit?
(A) O.OOOOS
(B) O.OOOS
(C) O.OOS
(D) O.OS
(E) O.S
Central
Central
, Central
Central
Central
CENTRAL IDGH'S
FIELD HOCKEY RESULTS
Games Played in September
,
Margin of
Goals, Goals Victory
7 Northern 0
3 Westfield 1
3 Easton 2
5 Southern 1
2 Bayville 1
.. Central High's field hockey team was unde-
feated in September, as shown in the table
above. A team's margin of victory for a single
game is defined as the number of goals it made
minus the number of goals made by the losing
team. What is the median of the missing values
in the column labeled Margin of Victory?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
B
~
A C
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
In AABC above, AB 5 BC and CD bisects
1
LC. If y E aX, then z. ...
(A) 40
(B) 60
(C) 64
(D) 72
(E) 80
IF-YOU FINISH BEIORE TI1\'\f IS C\UfD, vOL' \\-\\ ('fIH h. YOl n \\OHh. ( ) N ~
THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TL1IU, ro \N) OTlif I{ SEC TIO\,' I\.' 1 HI' n S"). ~




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For centuries, the coastline of Uruguay was
regarded by European mariners as a ---- place,
one seemingly devoid of inhabitants.
(A) conceivable (B) desolate (C) fallacious
(D) prepossessing (E) discourteous
Chocolate cmmects us to the past, for despite
modern -_ .. in food-processing technology, the
steps necessary for transforming cocoa beans
into chocolate have been ---- for nearly two
centuries.
(A) developments .. varied
(B) setbacks .. constant
(C) failures .. inconsistent
(0) progress .. unstable
(E) advances .. unchanged
II The landscape was truly -._., so arid that even
the hardiest plants couid not survive.
(A) lurid (8) parched (C) drubbed
(0) verdant (E) variegated
Born "'-, children will follow their natural
inclination to explore their surroundings with
a _ow. that belies the random appearance of
their play.
(A) innocent .. deviousness
(B) serious .. merriment
(C) curious .. purposefulness
(0) eager .. moderation .
(E) aware .. casu.alness
Although English philosopher Anne Conway
was .. -- by her seventeenth-century contem-
poraries, she has through oversight been
nearly ---- in recent times.
(A) revered .. forgotten
(B) censured .. venerated
(C) abandoned .. ignored
lD) imitated .. emulated
(E) pardoned .. absolved
While the ._-- explorers faced risks coura-
geously, they were not ---., choosing instead
to avoid needless dangers.
(A) flagrant .. punctual
(B) intrepid .. foolhardy
(C) genial .. clandestine
(0) resolute .. amicable
(E) culpable .. irresponsible
Maxine Hong Kingston presents universal
themes in the context of Chinese American
culture; this has helped her achieve a literary
. .. - that is ----I yet speaks to the full range of
human experience.
(A) success .. indistinct
(B) voice .. unique
(C) convention .. encompassing
(D) style .. comprehensive
(E) prominence .. general
The grief and sadness of parting and the
sorrows that seem eternal are --.. by time, but
they leave their scars.
(A) revived (B) magnified (C) nurtured
(D) mitigated (E) concocted
The traditional process of producing an oil
painting requires so many steps that it seems
--.- to artists who prefer to work quickly.
(A) provocative (B) consummate
(C) interminable (D) facile
(E) prolific
.. Photography as an art form often seeks the ... -
in its subjects, those qualities that cannot be
expressed in words.
(A) ineffable (B) mundane (C) onerous
(D) incisive (E) auspicious
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
375
376
STORY: BUILDING::
(A) crust: sandwich
(B) shingle: roof
(C) data: file
(D) layer: cake
(E) root: plant
SPROlJT: SEED::
(A) pollinate: bee
(B) cure: disease
(C) stimulate: growth
(D) hatch: egg
(E) filter: impurity
DOORl .. 1AT:SHOES::
(A) place mat: table
(B) napkin: mouth
(C) fork: plate
(0) lace: boot
(E) curtain: window
ATLAS: MAPS::
(A) manual: instructions
(B) directory: pages
(C) almanac: years
(0) dictionary: writers
(E) tome: books
DODO: BIRD::
(A) horse: mule
(B) dinosaur: reptile
(C) venom: sn!lke
(0) rooster: hen
(E) dog:puppy
PROCRASTINATE: ACTION::
(A) reverse: direction
(B) postpone:event
(C) assign: choice
(D) endure: patience
(E) embezzle: fraud
.. LUMMOX:CLUMSY::
(A) boon: beneficial
(B) egotist: conceited
(C) rascal: predictable
(D) maxim: hackneyed
(E) toady: important
SIREN: WARNING::
(A) shovel: dirt
(B) alarm:clock
(C) barrier: intrusion
(D) signal: reception'
(E) light: illumination
PREAMBLE: STATUTE::
(A) interlude: musical
(B) conclusion: argument
(C) foreword: novel
(0) epilogue: address
(E) premiere: performance
HEDONISTIC: PLEASURE::
(A) promising: achievement
(B) vindictive: vengeance
(C) precocious: youth
(0) concerned: empathy
(E) cruel:mercy
TOPIC: DISCOURSE::
(A) title: play
(B) subject: digression
(C) guideline: policy
(D) theme: essay
(E) footnote: text
CONTEMPORARIES: AGE::
(A) housemates: residence
(B) faculty: scholarship
(C) idols: worship
(D) kin: reunion
(E) authors: anthology
QUERULOUS: COMPLAIN::
(A) silent: talk
(B) humorous:laugh
(C) dangerous: risk
(D) deceitful: cheat
(E) gracious: accept
I GO ON TO 1lt NEXT MGt>
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Questions 2435 are based on the following passage.
The excerpt below is from the introduction to a
catalog of a recent museum exhibit of fake artworks
and other kinds of forgeries.
Why, if what we value from a work of art is the
aesthetic pleasure to be gained from it, is a success-
fully deceptive fake inferior to the real thing?
Conscious of this problem, some have attempted
r5) to deny the importance of authorship. The great
collector and scholar Richard Payne Knight, after
discovering that an antique cameo' of the Roman
goddess Flora might be a modem forgery, told the
dealer who had sold it to him that it did not matter
"0) whether it was old or new, since its beauty was
unaffected by its age. Similarly, the purchasers of
a supposedly Renaissance bust of Lucrezia Donati
expressed their pleasure, on discovering that it was
a fake, that an artist of such talent was still alive.
r151 Indeed, in 1869 the Victoria and Albert Museum
acquired the bust as an example of a forgery of
exceptional quality, and at a price comparable to
that paid for genuine Renaissance pieces. But it
would be unwise to expect museums, dealers, or
wi private collectors to take that attitude today.
What most of us suspect - that aesthetic appreci-
ation is not the only engine of the art market-
becomes evident when a well-known work of art
is revealed as a fake. The work may not change in
(25) appearance, but it loses its value as a relic. It no
longer provides a direct link to an artist of genius;
it ceases to promise either spiritual refreshment to
its viewer or status to its owner. Even though the
work in question remains physically unaltered, our
IlII response to it is profoundly changed. In 1937 the
art historian Abraham Bredius wrote of a painting
entitled Christ at Emmaus, which he believed to be
the work of the great seventeenth-century Dutch
artist Vermeer, but which was in fact a forgery by a
Dutch painter named Hans van Meegeren:
It is a wonderful moment in the life of a lover of
art when he finds himself suddenly confronted
with a hitherto unknown painting by a great
master, ... on the original canvas, and without
any restoration, just as it left the painter's studio!
And what a picture! ... What we have here is a
-I am inclined to say-the masterpiece of Jan
Vermeer of Delft.
After the exposure of van Meegeren, however, it
became surprisingly apparent that his forgeries were
grotesqueiy ugly and unpleasant paintings, altogether
dissimilar to Vermeer's.
Van Meegeren's success seemed incredible to the
experts. As one reviewer noted, "[hJad van Meegeren
(50) been a better artist ... he might just have succeeded
in producing 'Vermeers' which would have fooled
more people longer than the ones he created." Yet
van Meegeren was exposed not because he ceased to
fool people, but because he was forced to prove him-
(55) self a forger in order to clear himself of the more
serious charge of having sold a national treasure
illegally.
What is extraordinary about van Meegeren's success
is that the pattern revealed by his case is common-
(60) place. The reaction of Bredius and his numerous
distinguished colleagues, far from being exception-
- ally foolish, was normal; fakes are often greeted
with rapture by well-informed experts arid by the
general public alike. It is generally true that forgers
(65) are known to us only because they have revealed
themselves, overcoming considerable public and
scholarly skepticism to prove the works in question
are theirs, only to find that what was so admired as
the work of another is now seen as trite and even
(70) maladroit.
It is clear that both private and public collections
must contain many works by fakers more talented
and fortunate than van Meegeren. And they will
continue to do so. Some will be exposed by advances
(75) in scientific techniques; but many objects cannot be
scientifically dated, and even where analysis is
appropriate, its conclusions must be based on a
control group of "genuine" objects that may itself
be contaminated.
(80) This is the main complaint against fakes. It is not
that they cheat their purchasers of money, reprehen-
sible though that is, but that they loosen our hold
on reality, deform and falsify our understanding of
the past. What makes them dangerous, however, also
(85) makes them valuable. The feelings of anger and
shame they arouse among those who have been
deceived are understandable, but the consequent ten-
dency to dispose of or destroy fakes, once identified,
is misguided. Even if the errors of the past only pro-
(90) vided lessons for the future, they would be worthy
of retention and study_ But forgeries do more than
that. As keys to understanding the changing nature
of our vision of the past, as motors for the develop-
ment of scholarly and scientific techniques of anal-
(95) ysis, as subverters of aesthetic certainties, they _
deserve our closer attention. And as the most enter-
taining of monuments to the wayward talents of
generations of gifted rogues, they certainly claim
our reluctant admiration.
A small medallion with a profiled head carved in reliel
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
The example of the antique cameo (line 7) is
used to demonstrate that
(A) some collectors like to purchase forged
pieces
(B) some collectors pay exorbitant prices for
beautiful pieces
(e) some collectors pr.ze beauty even more
than authenticity
(D) most collectors refuse to buy from unscru
pulous dealers
(E) most collectors correctly recognize
forgeries
.. The first paragraph of the passage discusses
conflict between
(A) artists and forgers
(B) collectors and museums
(C) an art collector and an art dealer
(D) perceived value and authenticity in
artworks'
(E) sellers of forgeries and the dealers who buy
them
In hne 25, "rehc" most neariy means
(A) ancient custom
(B) fragile carcass
(C) venerated object
(D) remnant after decay
(E) souvenir of a famous place
In Hnes 24-25, the reference to an exposed
forgery's value (liThe work ... a relic")
suggests that the forgery
378
(A) is a financial loss to an investor
(B) is no iess esteemed by some collectors
than a contemporary work
(e) ceases to be seen as a symbol of the past
(D) should be prized for its historical
significance
(E) provides less pleasure when its monetary
value decreases
.. The passage implies that a viewer of a work
of art will receive "spiritual refreshment"
(line 27) only if the
(A) appearance of die work is unchanged
(B) experts have praised the beauty of the
piece
(C) viewer is familiar with the artist
(D) work has been seen by only a few
collectors
(E) work is considered genuine
The author quotes Bredius' opinion
(lines 36-43) in order to show that
(A) unknown paintings by many famous
artists are waiting to be found
(B) an artwork's history affects how people
judge it
(e) the totality of a work is what makes it
valuable
(D) no one has found the actual Christ at
Emmaus
(E) any artist's work can be easily forged
According to paragraph 4 (lines 58-70), some
forgers reveal themselves in order to
(A) avoid prosecution for forgery
(B) confound the art critics
(C) prove that forgery is commonplace
(D) rectify the confusion they have caused
(E) take credit for certain highly regarded
works
.. The author'S reference to "private and public
collections" (line 71) suggests that
(A) museums cannot prevent forgeries from
entering their collections
(B) museums sometimes seek out forgeries for
their collections
(C) museums that knowingly purchase
forgeries are foolish
(D) many valuable paintings have yet to be
found in museum storerooms
(E) many valuable paintings have been
replaced with forgeries in major
museums
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
IS
III
I
/
.. The purpose of the "control group" (line 78)
is to
(A) select forgeries to be tested by experts
(B) manage increases in market prices
(C) maintai..'1 a collection of forgeries in one
location
(D) provide examples of genuine artworks
(E) test whether forgeries can deceive experts
Which of the following best exemplifies the
"main complaint" mentioned in line 80? ~
(A) A counterfeit $1,000 bill used to pay a
debt
(B) A crafty disguise used in a crime
(C) A false-bottomed trunk used to hide secret
documents
(D) A fabricated letter from a past President
(E) A pseudonym used by an author
m The author gives all of the following as
reasons for preserving forgeries EXCEPT
their ability to
(A) amuse us with the forger's cleverness
(B) challenge our convictions
(C) temper the rising price of original art
(D) serve as comparisons to genuine artworks
(E) shed light on how we view history
IB According to the final paragraph, forgeries are
"valuable" (line 85) because they are
(A) artistically daring
(8) increasingly attempted
(C) rarely available
(D) relatively popular
(E) unusually instructive
"Fake? The Art of Deception," edited by Mark Jones. Copyright 1990 by University of California Press.
IF fH T FfNlSH-BEFOltE-----'TIl\'\E IS C >\LJ ED, YOt' MA Y CHECK Y(HlR \\'ORK ON ~
THIS SLCTIONDNLY. D ( } ~ O T 'I URN [0 ANY OTHEU SrCTION IN THE TEST. u..!II
,
379
eet-ion 4
II II II II

... A = 2bb v = fwh V'" xr.lJ c2,. til + hi Specialllilht Trlaa8IeI

Directions for Quantitative Comparison Questions
Questions I-IS each consist of two quantities in EXAMPLES
boxes, one in Column A and one in Column B.
ColumnA Column B Answers
You are to compare the two quantities and
on the answer sheet fill in oval
A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;

S2
I
I
20
I
.@
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determined
from the information given.
150
AN E RESPONSE WILL NOT BE SCORED.
Notes:
--
I. In some questions, information is given
-I
x
I
I
30 ' I .@
about one or both of the quantities to be
compared. In such cases, the given informa-
tion is centered above the two columns and
is not boxed.
rand s are integers.
2. In a given question, a symbol that appears in
both columns represents the same thing in
-I
r+ 1
I
1
s-1
I
Column A as it does in Column B.
.
3. Letters such as x, n, and k stand for real
,
numbers.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
380
I
1
:\
J
>
I
D D D D D D
SUM.MAtlY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS
A1l$wer: A if the quntityin Column A i& gJeateri
B if the quantity in Column Dis greater,
C if the two quantities are equal;
o if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Column A
The value of x
when 3x + 6 15
Column B
The value of y
when 3(y + 2) = 15
One package of muffin mix makes 8 large
muffins or 12 small muffins.
The maximum
number of small
muffins that can
be made with
3 packages of mix
Total
Amount
Earned
(in dollars)
The maximum
number of large
muffins that can
be made with
4 packages of mix

Number Of Hours Worked
The amount
earned per hour
by Cora
I The amount
earned per hour
by Katy
____ a_.a_.a ____ ____ b_.b_._b __
,
Column A
The length of a
side of a square
whose perimeter
is 12
42 x k
Column B
The length of one
side of a rectangle
whose perimeter
is 12
o
I [ .. ___ 6 __ --'
Twice n equals 4 more than n.
_4
The 15th day of a certain 30-day month falls
on a Wednesday.
The number of
Thursdays in that
month before the
15th
The number of
Thursdays in that
month after the
15th
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
381
382
ColumnA
r"" 2s
r>O
Column B
~ ~ ___ 6_0_o/,_o_of ___ r __ 1 1 ___ ,_30_o/,_o_of_s __
III The total surface
area of a box
with dimensions
3 inches by
3 inches by
16 inches
a>O
The sum of the
total surface areas
of two cubes, each
with dimensions
3 inches by
3 inches by
3 inches
S = {-3, -2, 2, 3}
The members of a set T are the squares of
numbers in set S.
The number of
members of S
The number of
members of T
Column A Column B
s
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
Triangles ABC and RST are each equilateral.
..... 1 _X_--,I 1 .... _9_0_
n+p+v=50
n+p v - 20
v
I .., ...... _---' 1
15

In 6ABC, AB = 3, BC "" 4, and AC 6 .
The length of
the altitude to
base AB
The length of
the altitude to
base AC
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
I
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mar
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a
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D D D D D
Directions for Student-Produced Response Questions
Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by
marking the Qvais in the special grid, as shown in the examples below.
7
Answer: 12 or 7/12 Answer: 2.5
Answer: 201
Either position is correct.
Write answer --+
in boxes.
Fraction
line +-Decimal
point
Grid in --+
result.
<])<])<])<])
<D<D<D<D


CD(J)CD

CD CD CD CD
.
<]) ([HI> <])
<D<D<D<D
.

CD(J)CD(J)
Note: You may start your answers
in any column, space permitting .
Columns not needed should be left
blank.
Mark no more than one oval in any column.
Because the answer sheet will be machine-
scored, you win receive credit only if the ovals
are filled in correctly.
Although not required, it is suggested that you
write your answer in the boxes at the top of the
columns to help you fill in the ovals accurately.
Some problems may have more than one correct
answer. In such cases, g..-id only one answer.
No question has a negative answer.
1\iixed numbers such as 2 ~ must be gridded as
2.5 or 5/2. (If 1 ~ I L ~ ~ l is gridded, it will be
. d 21 21 )
mterprete as "2' not 2: .
III Four lines intersect in one point, forming
8 equal angles that are nonoverlapping. What
is the measure, in degrees, of one of these
angles?
Decimal Accuracy: If you obtain a decimal
answer, enter the most accurate value the grid
will accommodate. For example, if you obtain
an answer such as 0.6666 ... , you should
record the result as .666 or .667. Less accurate
values such as .66 or .67 are not acceptable.
2
Acceptable ways to grid:3 .6666 ...

CD CD CD CD
.
<])<])<]).
<D<D<D<D

CD CD CD CD

<I><])CDCD
<D<D<D<D


CD CD CD CD

<])<])<])<])
<DCD<D<D


The ratio of 1.5 to 32 is the same as the ratio
of O.IS to x. What is the value of x?
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
383
384
11 11
8 < x < 12
12 < y < 15
II
.. If x and yare inteters that satisfy the
conditions above, w at is one possible
value of xy?
III If (3x
2
+ 4x + 5)(3x + 6) = ax
3
+ bx
2
+ ex + d
for all values of x, what is the value of e?
II II II
y
- - ~ r - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ x
(7,0)
In the figure above, what is the y-coordinate
of the point on the semicircle that is the
farthest from the x -axis?
111 A plain white cube is marked with an "X"
on exactly two adjacent faces as shown above.
If the cube is tossed on a flat surface and the
cube lands so that an "X" appears on the top
face, what is the probability that the bottom
face does not have an "X" on it?
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE


I
D II II
B 2
C
12
A F G 2 D
Note: Figure not drawn to scale .
If the area of the shaded region in rectangle
ABCD above is 90, what is the area of 6EFG?
iii Each letter in the equation above represents
a digit that is less than or equal to 2. What
four-digit number does TUVW represent?
II II II
A teacher is to be assigned to teach 5 differ-
ent courses in 5 different class periods on
Mondays. If exactly one course meets each
period, how many different assignments of
courses to these class periods are possible
for Mondays?
If the average (arithmetic mean) of three
different positive integers is 70, what is the
greatest possible value of one of the integers?
IEffil .. ...:r1 \11, IS ( ALI [D, \Ol' J"L\ Y <. fit( K YOl'l{ \\(HlK ON
,HI ... SfCTfiJN ONTo.'t. no MH 1 ro \N\ 0 IllER SEC110N IN 1 HE TEST.
385
Questions 112 are based on the following passages.
The follmving adaptations from recent books
discuss aspects of television news reportage. Both
passages refer to English author George Orwell
(1903-1950), whose 1949 novel entitled 1984 warned
against a totalitarian government that controJled
all media and thus all "news" that was reported.
Passage 1
Relaying information and images instantly, televi-
sion newscasts have allowed viewers to form their
own opinions about various political events and
ne political leaders. In many instances, television news-
(51 casts have even fostered active dissent from estab-
lished governmental policies. It is no coincidence
that, in the 1960's, the civil rights movement took
hold in the United States with the advent of televi-
sion, which was able to convey both factual infor-
IO} mation and such visceral elements as and
detennination. Only when all of America could see,
on the nightly newscasts, the civil disobedience
occurring in places like Selma and Montgomery did
the issue of civil rights become a national concern
5, rather than a series of isolated local events. By
relaying reports from cities involved to an entire
nation of watchers, television showed viewers the
scope of the discontent and informed the disenfran-
chised that they were not alone.
0) The ability of television news to foster dissent
has also been affected by increasingly widespread
access to video cameras, so that the news presented
on television now comes from the bottom up as
well as from the top down. Across the world, dissi-
5/ dents have used video equipment to gather visual
evidence of human rights abuses. Uncensored images
and infonnation have then been transmitted across
otherwise closed borders by television newscasts.
One professor of popular culture, Jack Nachbar,
01 views the personal video camera as a "truth-telling
device that can cut through lies." That claim pre-
sumes, though, that the television viewer can believe
what he or she sees .. But the motivation of the pho-
tographer must always be taken into account, and the
>1 videotape that appears on television cal1, like still
photography, be staged and even faked. When and if
propagandists for some government utilize computer-
generated effects, viewers will have more ttouble
believing what they see. However, even if seeing is
(401 not automatically believing, at least seeing is seeing
and in some repressive regimes, seeing is the
fastest road to freedom.
"George Orwell was wrong," writes television
newscaster Ted Koppel. Koppel's reasoning is
(45) persuasive: "The media, which Orwell predicted
would become the instrument of totalitarian
control, [havel become, instead, its nemesis."
Passage 2
"Now ... this" is a phrase commonly used on
television newscasts to indicate that what one has
(50) just heard or seen has no relevance to what one is
about to hear or see, or possibly to anything one is
ever likely to hear or see. The phrase acknowledges
that the world as mapped by television news has no
order or meaning and is not to be taken seriously.
(55) No earthquake is so devastating, no political blunder
so costly, that it cannot be erased from our minds by
a newscaster saying, "Now ... this." Interrupted by
commercials, presented by newscasters with celebrity
status, and advertised like any other product, televi-
(601 sion newscasts transmit news without context,
without consequences, without values, and therefore
without essential seriousness; in short, news as pure
entertainment. The resulting trivialization of infor-
mation leaves television viewers well entertained,
(65) but not well informed or well prepared to respond
to events.
The species of information created by television is,
in fact, II disinformation." Disinformation does not
mean false information, but misleading information
(70) misplaced, irrelevant, fragmented, or superficial
information - that creates the illusion of knowing
something, but that actually leads one away from
any true understanding. In the United States, televi-
sion news does not deliberately aim to deprive
(75) viewers of a coherent understanding of their world.
But when news is packaged as entertainment, no
such understanding is possible. The problem is not
that television viewers lack authentic information,
but that they arc losing their sense of what a com-
(80) plete body of information should include.
People are by now so thoroughly adjusted to the
world of television news - a world of fragments,
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
wheree
l
to the pi
(851 ciples of
notion c
tions in
there be
and wha
(90) parison'
hardly b
For al
predict t
govemrr
(95) have nol
that has

ence. Tr
Aldous]
(100) Huxley.
conceal
insensib
perspect
criticall]
technolc
*
English 1
Bot
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(0)
(E)
r
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where events stand alone, stripped of any connection
to the past, future, or other events - that all prin-
(85) dpIes of coberence have vanished. And so has the
notion of holding leaders accountable for contradic-
tions in their policies. What possible interest could
there be in comparing what the President says now
and what the President said in the past? Such a com-
/901 parison would merely rehash old news and could
hardly be interesting or entertaining.
For all his perspicacity, George Orwell did not
predict this situation; it is not "Orwellian." The
government does not control the newscasts. Lies
(95) have not been defined as truth, nor truth as lies. All
that has happened is that the public has adjusted to
incoherence and has been entertained into indiffer-
ence. The current situation fits the predictions of
Aldous Huxley, rather than those of Orwell:
11(0) Huxley realized that the government need not
conceal anything from a public that has become
insensible to contradiction, that has lost any
perspective from which to scrutinize government
critically, and that has been rendered passive by
technological diversions .
English novelist and essayist (1894-1963)
Both passages are primarily concerned with
ways in which
(A) television newscasts deliberately distort
information
(B) television affects viewers by its presen-
tation of news
(C) truth frustrates efforts by the media to
constrain it
(D) viewers of television newscasts can sort
out fact from fiction
(E) governments manage to control television
newscasts
.. Which of the following, if true, would most
clearly strengthen the assertion in Passage 1
about television and the civil rights movement
(lines 1 l ~ 1 5 ) ?
(A) Many filmed reports of civil disobedience
were censored by television executives
during the 1960's.
(B) Recen,t studies have questioned the objec-
tivity with which television newscasts
presented reports of civil disobedience
during the 1960's.
(C) A biography of a major civil rights leader
describes in detail the occasions on
which the leader was featured in tele-
vision newscasts of the 1960's.
(D) A 1960's poll shows that those Americans
who considered civil rights a national
priority had seen television newscasts of
civil disobedience.
(E) Many of the reporting techniques used
today originated in newscasts covering
the 1960's civil rights movement.
In the context of lines 29-42, the reference to
"still photography" (lines 35-36) serves to
(A) illustrate the accuracy with which current
events can be documented
(B) develop a claim about the trustworthiness
of television presentations
(C) demonstrate the progress that has been
made in using computer-generated effects
(D) refute the argument that viewers are
deceived by computer-generated effects
(E) emphasize that videotaped images have
comparatively greater impact
The word II instrument" is used in line 46 to
signify
(A) a gimmick
(B) an agent
(C) a navigational aid
(D) a musical device
(E) a legal document
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
387
388
The use of the quotation in lines 43-47 can be
considered a weakness of the argument in
Passage 1 because
(A) an irrelevant reason is cited as evidence
that television news is beneficial
(B) an attribute of the media that is labeled as
beneficial is in fact destructive
(e) a work of fiction is cited as though it were
scientific research
(D) a negative assessment of television news.is
left unchallenged
(El a defense of television news is presented
by a television newscaster
According to Passage 2, television news is
presented in a manner that serves to
(A) hold leaders accountable for their policies
(B) entertain viewers
(el define lies as truth
(D) make complex issues accessible
(E) exaggerate minor political blunders
The word "mapped" in hne 5., most nearly
means
(A) plotted on a chart (B) planned in detail
(e) measured (D) defined (E) verified
According to Passage 2, the "disinformation"
mentioned in line 68 affects television
viewers by
(A) leading them to act on false information
(B) causing them to become skeptical about
television news
(C) giving them the mistaken impression that
they are knowledgeable
(0) making them susceptible to the commer-
cials that accompany the news
(E) turning them against certain political leaders
Which of the following most accurately
describes the organization of the last paragraph
of Passage 2 ?
(A) One view of a situation is refuted and an
alternative vie'N is substituted.
(B) An assertion is made and is supported by
means of historical evidence.
(C) Two authors with contrasting views are
introduced and their views are reconciled.
(D) An argument in favor of one interpretation
is set forth and an opposing interpreta-
tion is explained. '
(E) A situation is described and a prediction
about related future events is- offered.
III In each passage, the author assumes that
viewers of television news tend to (
(A) read about news events as well as watch
them
(B) watch television programs other than
newscasts
(C) lack a coherent understanding of their
world
(D) follow only important events
(E) accept most of what they see as factuaL
m The passages differ in their evaluations of
. television newscasts in that Passage I claims
that
(A) newscasts seek mainly to criticize estab-
lished governments, whereas Passage 2
warns that newscasts usually strengthen
established governments
(B) television news inflames viewers'emotions,
whereas Passage 2 warns that television
news provides false information
(el propagandists could falsify the news,
whereas Passage 2 warns that television
trivializes the news
(D) television news causes viewers to form
hasty opinions, whereas Passage 2 warns
that newscasts cause viewers to under-
stand issues simplistically
(El repressive governments are using television
news as a means of control, whereas
Passage 2 warns that commercial sponsor-
ship biases the newscasts
III Both passages refer to George Orwell's predic-
tions in order to
(A) emphasize that the presentation of news
has changed since Orwell's time
(B) show how aspects of Orwell's conception
of the future have become reality
(e) point out that the government does not
control television news
tD) warn against the control of news media
exercised by governments worldwide
(E) illustrate public concerns that television
newscasters themselves have begun to
address
~ - - ~ --- -- riDE
::IF YOU-FINISH BEJORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON
THIS ~ C T l O N ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.

lS,
'r-
.Section7 7
'Dme-lS Minutes
18 Questions
In this section solve each .... lem, .... any 8ftilahle space
on the page for scratchwoik:. Then &Ieeicle which is the best
of the choices given and ftlI in the correspoacling oval on the
answer sheet.
!!!!!!
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.
2. Figures that accompmy problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving
the problems. They are drawn as accuratelx as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific
problem that the figure is not drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
G L} LJ1h C=Jh
'_jl b 2 a
A -K A =Rw 1
C = 211:1 A = "bh V = Rwh V = Kr2h c
2
= a
2
+ b2
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180 .
In Italy, when one dollar was approximately
equal to 1,900 lire, a certain pair of shoes cost
60,000 lire, Of the following, which is the best
approximation of the cost of these shoes, in
dollars?
(A) $20
(B) $30
(C) $60
(D) $lW
(E) $300

45
0
V3x s
Special Right Triangles
A
B
In the figure above, any path from A to B
must follow the connected line segments in
the direction shown by the arrows. How many
different paths are there from A to B?
(A) Five
(B) Six
(C) Seven
(D) Eight
(E) Nine
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
389
7
What is'' the least number of 2's that can be
multiplied together to yield a number greater
than SO '!
(Al 4
(B) 5
(Cl 6
(D) 7 ~
(E) 10
The triangle in the figure above is to be
reflected across the x -axis and then reflected
across the y -axis. Which of the following
shows the resulting position of the triangle?
7
If e, I, g, and h are consecutive odd integers
and e < I < g <: h, then g + h is how much
greater than e +. I?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 8
B C
CI)i'CI)
A D
.. In rectangle ABCD shown above, sides AB
and CD pass through the centers of the two
circles. If AB - 12 and AD = 16, what is
the area of the shaded region?
(A) 120
(B) 156
(e) 192
(D) 192 - 36ft
(E) 192 72ft
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
..
R
R
R
T
()
(1:
(C
([
(E
7
Column 1 Column 2 Total
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Total 36
53
26
21
64 100
In the table above, each of the six empty
boxes should contain a number entry so that
the column and row totals are as given. Juan
wants to complete the table. What is the least
number of entries that he must ask for in
order to complete the table?
(A) One
(8) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
(E) Six
7
Ms. Clark drove from her home to the
museum at an average speed of 40 miles
per hour and returned home along the
same route at an average speed of 35 miles
per hour. If her total driving time for the trip
was 2 hours, how many minutes did it take
Ms. Clark to drive from her home to the
museum?
(A) 70
(B) 60
(C) 56
(D) 45
(E) 40
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
391
392
7
Two cities n miles apart are located s inches
apart oil a certain map that is drawn to scale.
What is the distance, in inches, on the map
between two cities that are n + 1 miles apart?
(A)
n
s
,
(B) (n + 1)
s
(
c s
) en + 1)
(D) s(n + 1)
n
(E) s(n n+ 1)
- ---
7
III If 3
x
= y, which of the following equals 9y
in terms of x?
x
(A) 3
2
(B) 3
2X
(C) 3
2
+
X
(D) 3
x2
(E) 27
x
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU .l\'1A Y CHECK YOCR WORK ON
~ ' I ' H I S SECl'ION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
I
SAT 1: Reasoning Test Answer Key
Saturday, November 1996
~
- - \1!tn\1
\J\III1\I\II( \1
~ ~ -
Section 1 SectionS Section 6 Seedon 2. Section 4 Section 7
Pive-choice Five-choice Pive-choiee Pive-choiee PoDN:hoiee Pive-choiee
Questions
Questiona
Questions Quations Questions QuestiOlU
COll..DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIPP. COL DIPP. COL DIPP. COLDIPP.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. AN!. LEV.
I. D 1 L B 1 1. B 3 I. e I 1. e I I. B I
2. B 3 2. E I 2. D 3 2. B I 2. A I 2. A
3. e 2 3. B 3 3. B 3 3. E I 3. A I 3. e 2
4. A 3 4. e 2 4. B 3 4. E I 4. D 2 4. E 2
5. C 4 5. A 2 5. E 4 5. e 5. D 3 5. E 3
6. E 4 6. B
"
6. B 3 6. e 2 6. B 2 6 . D 3 .>
7. A 3 7. B 3 7. D 3 7. A 2 7. e 3 7. B 3
8. e 4 8. D 5 8. e 3 8. D I 8. B 3 8. e 4
9. A 5 9. C 4 9. A 4 9. A 2 9. A 3 9. D 5
10. E I 10. A S 10. E 3 10. E 3 10. B 4 10. e 5
II. D 2 II. D I II. e 5 II. A 3 11. B 3
12. E 2 12. D 12. e 4 12. E 2 12. A 5
13. A S 13. B
...
13. e 3 13. D 5 L
14. D S 14. A 2 14. B 3 14. e 4 no. correct
15. E 5 IS. B 2 IS. E 3 IS. A 4
16. D 2
v
.1). B 3 no. correct 16. E 3
17. B I 17. B 3 17. D 3
18. D I 18. E 3 18. e 3 no. incorrect
19. E 3 19. e 3
----
19. B 3 no. correct
20. B 2 20. B 5 no. incorrect 20. B 4
21. E 3 21. D 4 21. A 4
22. D 2 22. A 4 22. D 4
23. D 5 23. D S 23. A 4 no. incorrect
24. B 4 24. e 1 24. B S
25. D 3 2S. D 3 25. E 5
26. E 3 26. C 3
27. C 3 27. C 3 Section 4
28. B 2 28. B 2
29. A 3 29. B 4 no. correct Student-Produced
30. D 3 30. E 3 Rapouse QuestiOlU
31. A 3 31. A 3 COL DIPP.
32. D 3 ANS. LEV.
,,'"
D 3 no. incorrect 16. 45 2
"J.
34. C 4 17. 3.2 or I6IS 2
no. correct 35.
.,
5 18. 117.126.130 0.;.
140. 143 or 154 2
19. 39 3
20. 3.50r7f2 3
no. incorrect no. correct 21. 1 4
22. 66 3
23. 1212 3
24. 120 4
no. incorrect 25. 207 4
no. correct
(16-25)
NOTE: Difficulty levels are estimates of question difficulty for a recent group of college-bound seniors.
Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest).
393
Raw
Score
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
396
Score Conversion Table
SAT 1: Reasoning Test
Saturday, November 1996
Recentered Scale
verbal Math Verbal
Sealed Sealed Raw Scaled
Score Score Score Score
800 37 510
800 36 510
800 35 500
800 34 500
800 33 490
800 32 480
790 31 480
770 30 470
760 29 470
740 28 460
730 27 450
720 26 450
710 25 440
700 24 440
690 23 430
680 22 420
670 21 420
670 20 410
660 800 19 410
650 800 18 400
640 790 17 390
640 770 16 390
630 750 15 380
620 740 14 370
620 720 13 370
610 710 12 360
600 700 11 350
600 690 10 340
590 680 9 330
580 670 8 330
580 660 7 320
570 650 6 310
570 640 5 300
Math
Sealed
Score
570
560
550
540
540
530
1
520
510
510
500
490
490
480
470
470
460
450
450
440
430
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
340
330
560 630 4 280
- l ~
550 620 3 270
550 620 2 260 ~
540 610 1 240 280
540 600 0 230 260
530 590 -1 210 250
520 580 -2 200 230
520 570 -3 200 200
and
below
This table is for use only with this test.
-
Sa