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SENTENCE CORRECTION TEST SECTION 11 30 Minutes 27 Questions 1. One of the most powerful driving forces behind recycling is the threat of legislation that would require companies that they take more responsibility for the disposal of its products. (A) that they take more responsibility for the disposal of its products (B) that they should take more responsibility for disposing of products (C) having to take more responsibility for disposing of their products (D) to take more responsibility for the disposal of their products (E) taking more responsibility for their product's disposal 2. Poor management, outdated technology, competition form overseas, and steel's replacement to materials like aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastics have all been cited as causes for the decline of the United States steel industry. (A) steel's replacement to materials like (B) the replacement of steel by such materials as (C) the replacing of steel with materials of (D) the replacing of steel by means of materials like (E) to replace steel by materials such as 3. The evolution of the technology of microelectronics over the past decade has been so rapid that it is sometimes called a revolution. (A) has been so rapid that it is sometimes (B) has been rapid enough sometimes to be (C) has been rapid enough it is sometimes (D) is so rapid it has sometimes been (E) is so rapid that it is sometimes
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4. Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans were singularly uninterested in the accumulation of material wealth or in the crafting of elaborate pottery and basketry. (A) Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans (B) When you compare the Quechans to other Native Americans of the Southwest, they (C) When other Native Americans of the Southwest are compared to the Quechans, they (D) Comparison to other Native Americans of the Southwest shows that the Quechans (E) Compared with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans

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5. Contrary to popular belief, victors in the ancient Greek Olympic Games received cash prizes in addition to their laurel wreaths. (A) Contrary to (B) In contrast with (C) Opposite of (D) Unlike (E) In spite of 6. The guiding principles of the tax plan released by the Treasury Department could have even a greater significance for the economy than the particulars of the plan. (A) even a greater significance for the economy than (B) a significance that is even greater for the economy than (C) even greater significance for the economy than have (D) even greater significance for the economy than do (E) a significance even greater for the economy than have 7. One noted economist has made a comparison of the Federal Reserve and an automobile as racing through a tunnel, bouncing first off one wall, then the other; the car may get where it is going, but people may be hurt in the process. (A) made a comparison of the Federal Reserve and an automobile as racing through a tunnel, bouncing (B) made a comparison between the Federal Reserve and an automobile racing through a tunnel, bouncing (C) compared the Federal Reserve with an automobile as racing through a tunnel and which
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bounced (D) compared the Federal Reserve to an automobile racing through a tunnel, bouncing (E) compared the Federal Reserve with an automobile that races through a tunnel and it bounces

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8. The demand for airplane mechanics is expected to grow about ten percent a year in the next decade, largely because new federal rules calling for major modifications to older planes and because the airlines are adding hundreds of new jets. (A) new federal rules calling for major modifications to older planes (B) new federal rules, which call for major modifications to older planes (C) new federal rules call for major modifications to older planes (D) major modifications to older planes called for by new federal rules (E) major modifications to older planes are called for according to new federal rules 9. The proposed urban development zones do not represent a new principle; it was employed in "Operation Bootstrap" in Puerto Rico. (A) do not represent a new principle; it (B) represent not a new principle, but one that (C) are not a new principle; the same one (D) are not a new principle, but one that (E) are not new in principle; it 10. The report on the gross national product---the nation's total production of goods and services--showed that second-quarter inflation was somewhat lower than a previous estimation and the savings rate slightly higher. (A) a previous estimation and the savings rate slightly higher. (B) a previous estimation and with a slightly higher savings rate (C) a previous estimate and that the savings rate is slightly higher (D) previously estimated and a slightly higher
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savings rate (E) previously estimated and that the savings rate was slightly higher 11. The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800's have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators. (A) have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators. (B) have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators (C) have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators (D) has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators (E) has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators

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12. Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state's economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves. (A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state's economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves. (B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state's economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves (C) fund intended to sustain the state's economy after oil reserves are exhausted (D) fund intended to sustain the state's economy after exhausting its oil reserves (E) fund that they intend to sustain the state's economy after oil reserves are exhausted 13. The nation's three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies. (A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies. (B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting (C) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, private colleges that increased their tuition costs, and recruiting improvements by the academies (D) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs increasing at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting (E) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and
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academies improving their recruiting

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14. In the late seventh century, in a dispute over whether the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, should carry on as the fourth caliph, Muhammad's successor, Islam split into two branches, the Sunnis and the Shiites. (A) over whether the Prophet Muhammad's son-inlaw, Ali, should carry on as the fourth caliph, Muhammad's successor (B) over if Ali, the Prophet Muhammad's son-inlaw, was going to carry on and be the fourth caliph, Muhammad's successor (C) over whether Ali, the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law, was going to carry on and be the fourth caliph, Muhammad's successor (D) as to whether the fourth caliph, Muhammad's successor, is to be the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-low, Ali (E) concerning if the fourth caliph, Muhammad's successor, was to be the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali 15. Like John McPhee's works, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works an interesting and complete world out of hundreds of tiny details about a seemingly uninteresting subject. (A) Like John McPhee's works, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works (B) Like John McPhee, Ann Beattie's works painstakingly assemble (C) Like John McPhee, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works (D) Just as John McPhee's, so Ann Beattie's works painstakingly assemble (E) Just as John McPhee, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works 16. Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane,
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a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel. (A) less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel (B) fewer of certain pollutants than burning gasoline or diesel fuel do (C) less of certain pollutants than gasoline or diesel fuel (D) fewer of certain pollutants than does burning gasoline or diesel fuel (E) less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel

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17. Scientists calculated that the asteroid, traveling at 46,000 miles an hour, is on an elliptical path that orbits the Sun once a year and regularly brings it back toward Earth. (A) hour, is on an elliptical path that orbits the Sun once a year and regularly brings it (B) hour, is orbiting the Sun once a year on an elliptical path that regularly brings it (C) hour, once a year orbits the Sun, regularly bringing it on an elliptical path (D) hour and orbiting the Sun once a year on an elliptical path, regularly bringing it (E) hour, orbits the Sun on an elliptical path once a year and that regularly brings it 18. It is not likely that the competitive imbalance that now exists between Japan with all major industrial nations will be redressed during the foreseeable future. (A) with all major industrial nations will be redressed during (B) with all other major industrial nations will be redressed within (C) with all other major industrial nations will be redressed during (D) and all major industrial nations will be redressed during (E) and all other major industrial nations will be redressed within 19. Similar to rising interest rates, consumer and producer prices have been rising. (A) Similar to rising interest rates, consumer and producer prices have been rising. (B) Consumer and producer prices have been rising, as have interest rates. (C) As interest rates are rising, so have consumer
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and producer prices. (D) Consumer and producer prices have been rising, like interest rates do. (E) Consumer and producer prices, as interest rates, have been rising.

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20. Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time. (A) makes his letters as a group the rival of (B) makes his letters as a group one to rival (C) makes his letters a group rivaling (D) make his letters as a group the rival of (E) make his letters a group which is the rival of 21. Promotions, retirements, deaths, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting will be reported in the July 15 issue of the company paper. (A) Promotions, retirements, deaths, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting will be reported in the July 15 issue of the company paper. (B) Promotions, retirements, and other actions which have been approved at the May meeting of the board of directors along with deaths, with be reported in the July 15 issue of the company paper. (C) To be reported in the July 15 issue of the company paper are the promotions, retirements, deaths, and other actions which were approved at the board of directors' May meeting. (D) Meeting in May, the promotions, retirements, and other actions approved by the board of directors, including obituaries, will be reported in the July 15 issue of the company paper. (E) The July 15 issue of the company paper will report on promotions, retirements, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting; the paper will also include obituaries.

22. Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, similar to the way human beings breathe. (A) similar to the way human beings breathe. (B) similarly to human beings who are breathing (C) just like the breathing of human beings (D) as human beings when breathing (E) just as human beings do when they breathe

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23. In June of 1989, Princeton Township approved a developer's plans to build 300 houses on a large portion of the 210-acre site of the Battle of Princeton, one of only eight Revolutionary War battlefields that had remained undeveloped. (A) one of only eight Revolutionary War battlefields that had remained undeveloped. (B) one of eight of the only Revolutionary War battlefields that have remained undeveloped (C) one of the only eight undeveloped Revolutionary War battlefields that remains (D) only one of eight Revolutionary War battlefields to remain undeveloped (E) only one of the eight remaining undeveloped Revolutionary War battlefields 24. The labor agreement permits staff reductions through attrition with increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program for speeding it up. (A) attrition with increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program for speeding it up. (B) attrition and provides increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program to speed the attrition process (C) attrition, which will be speeded up by providing increased pension benefits and a special earlyretirement program (D) attrition, which, by their providing increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program, will speed the process (E) attrition, which provides increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program for speeding the attrition process 25. Water and resource management problems will be at the head of the legislature's list of concerns for the
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coming session. (A) Water and resource management problems (B) Problems of managing water and resources (C) Problems in the management of water and other resources (D) Problems of water and other resource management (E) Resource management problems, including water.

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26. Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey. (A) black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as (B) it is thought that the decline in number of black-footed ferrets is (C) the decline in the number of black-footed ferrets is thought of as (D) that black-footed ferrets have declined in their numbers is thought to be (E) the numbers of the black-footed ferret are thought to have declined as 27. The most favorable locations for the growth of glaciers, rather than being the cold, dry polar regions, would be instead the cool, moist middle latitudes, where there is abundant precipitation and where it is cold enough to allow some snow to accumulate year by year. (A) glaciers, rather than being the cold, dry polar regions, would be instead the cool, moist middle latitudes (B) glaciers are not the cold, dry polar regions but the cool, moist middle latitudes (C) glaciers are the cool, moist middle latitudes rather than the cold, dry polar regions (D) glaciers, instead of being the cold, dry polar regions, would be the cool, moist middle latitudes (E) glaciers are, instead of the cold, dry polar regions, rather the cool, moist middle latitudes

SENTENCE CORRECTION TEST SECTION 12 30 Minutes 27 Questions 1. The brochure notes that in the seminar the importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized. (A) importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized (B) importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized (C) importance of communication being a twoway process will be the emphasis (D) fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance (E) emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important 2. In the 1950's astronomers were divided between those who believed the universe began in a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") with those who favored the model of an eternal and infinite steady-state universe.

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(A) universe began in a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") with (B) universe began with a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") and (C) universe had a beginning a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") or (D) universe's beginning was a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") or (E) universe's beginning was a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") against 3. Most large companies prefer customized computer software because it can be molded to fit the way a company does business, when off-the-shelf software often requires the company to alter its procedures to fit the software. (A) when (B) since (C) whereas (D) because (E) insofar as

4. Stable interest rates on longterm bonds are the financial market's vote of confidence in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation. (A) in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation (B) that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under control (C) for the Federal Reserve, that it would keep control of inflation (D) that inflation will be kept control of by the Federal Reserve (E) that inflation would be kept control of by the Federal Reserve 5. The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which a commoner or foreigner could not enter without any permission, on pain of death. (A) which a commoner or foreigner could not enter without any permission, (B) which a commoner or foreigner could enter without any permission only

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(C) which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission. (D) which, without permission, neither commoner or foreigner could only enter, (E) which, to enter without permission, neither commoner or foreigner could do. 6. Citing evidence that the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has increased more than seven percent in the last 30 years, many scientists have expressed a fear of destroying forests and continued use of fossil fuels will cause an irreversible shift in Earth's climatic pattern. (A) many scientists have expressed a fear of destroying forests and continued use of (B) many scientists have expressed a fear that destruction of forests and continued use of (C) many scientists have expressed a fear that destruction of forests and continually using (D) a fear that many scientists have expressed is that destroying forests and continually using (E) a fear that many scientists have expressed is that destruction of forests and continual using of

7. Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from selling their crops for buying necessities. (A) selling their crops for buying (B) the sales of their crops for buying (C) their selling of crops so as to buy (D) their selling crops for buying of (E) the sale of their crops to buy 8. The United States government employs a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations than any government. (A) a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations than any (B) a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations than does any other (C) much larger proportions of women in trade

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negotiations than has any (D) proportions of women in trade negotiations that are much larger than any (E) proportions of women in trade negotiations that are much larger than any other 9. Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously thought, property owners are being advised by authorities to test all dwellings below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed. (A) property owners are being advised by authorities to (B) property owners are advised by authorities that they should (C) authorities are advising property owners to (D) authorities are advising property owners they (E) authorities' advice to property owners is they should

10. A migraine typically afflicts one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur as infrequently as once every other month or often, as daily. (A) as infrequently as once every other month or often, as (B) as infrequently as once every other month or as often as (C) infrequently, as often as once every other month, or often, like (D) infrequently, like once every other month, or often, like (E) infrequently, like once every other month, or as often as 11. Founded in 1983, the magazine increased its circulation more than double since then, and its advertising. (A) increased its circulation more than double since then, (B) has since increased its circulation more than double, (C) has since more than doubled its circulation (D) since then more than

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doubled its circulation (E) more than doubled its circulation since then 12. Although all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were not carried live, Soviet audiences have seen a great deal of coverage. (A) all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were not carried live (B) all the Communist party conference's Moscow proceedings were not carried live (C) all the Communist party conference Moscow proceedings have not been carried alive (D) not all the Communist party conference Moscow proceedings have been carried alive (E) not all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were carried live 13. Some analysts point out that because people are becoming accustomed to a steady inflation rate of four to five percent, businesses found that they could raise prices according to this amount without thereby provoking strong public reaction. (A) found that they could raise prices according to this amount without thereby provoking

(B) found that they were capable of raising prices by this amount and not provoke (C) find that they are capable of raising prices by this amount and not provoke (D) are finding that they can raise prices by this amount without provoking (E) are finding that they can raise prices according to this amount and will not thereby provoke 14. Although it was once funded entirely by the government, the Victoria and Albert Museum was one of the first of Britain's national museums seeking support from corporations and private donors and to increase income by increasing attendance. (A) one of the first of Britain's national museums seeking support from (B) one of Britain's first national museums seeking support of (C) among Britain's first national museums to seek support of (D) among the first of Britain's national museums

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to seek support from (E) among Britain's first national museums that have sought the support of 15. In 1933 the rubber, clothing, and shipbuilding industries put into effect a six-hour workday, believing it a seeming permanent accommodation rather than a temporary expedient for what many observers thought was an economy made overproductive by advances in technology. (A) believing it a seeming permanent accommodation rather than a temporary expedient for what many observers thought was (B) believing it a seeming permanent accommodation instead of a temporary expedient for what many observers thought was (C) believing that it was not a temporary expedient but a seeming permanent accommodation to what many observers thought of as a (D) not as a temporary expedient but as a seemingly permanent accommodation to what many observers thought was (E) not as a temporary expedient but believing it a seemingly permanent accommodation for what many observers thought

16. Unlike Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, William Carlos Williams insisted that poets honor their own regions and employ specifically American rhythms. (A) Unlike Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, William Carlos Williams insisted (B) Although Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates did not, William Carlos Williams insistence was (C) Contrary to Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, it was William Carlos Williams who insisted (D) As opposed to what Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates did, William Carlos Williams was to insist. (E) While Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates did not, William Carlos Williams was insistent 17. Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each

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with its own executive. (A) each with its own executive (B) all having their own executive (C) each having their own executive (D) with its own executive for each (E) every one with an executive of their own 18. Temporary-employment agencies benefit not only from the increasing demand for clerical workers but also the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom have increased in the recent wave of corporate takeovers. (A) the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom (B) the higher profits that are made in the placement of highly paid professionals, requests for whom (C) from the requests for highly paid professionals, who make higher profits for the agencies when placed and whose requests (D) from highly paid professionals, whose placement makes higher profits for the agencies and whose requests (E) from the higher profits made in placing highly paid professionals, requests for whom

19. Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate. (A) superficial such as when each of the three major networks (B) superficial, as can sometimes occur if all of the three major networks (C) superficial if the three major networks all (D) superficial whenever each of the three major networks (E) superficial, as when the three major networks each 20. In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected (A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected (B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers

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(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers (D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected (E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers 21. The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail's pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications. (A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems (B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be (C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems (D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems (E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming

22. The bank acknowledged that they are and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts to deal with the precipitous fall of the dollar against the yen and the dislocations reflected in the stock market decline. (A) they are and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts (B) they are and will continue to experience difficulties as they attempt (C) it is and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts (D) it is experiencing and will continue to experience difficulties as they make an attempt (E) its difficulties are likely to continue as it attempts 23. In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the Earths gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends. (A) cars' potential energy,

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gained through their being lifted by a chain drive (B) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive (C) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive (D) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them (E) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them 24. Just as plant species native to regions with browsing mammals evolved many natural antibrowser defenses (such as sharp spines and toxic chemicals), so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria.

25. The record of the past is always incomplete, and the historian who writes about it inevitably reflects the preoccupations of their own time. (A) the historian who writes about it inevitably reflects (B) the historian writing about it will inevitably reflect (C) a historian writing about it inevitably reflects (D) writing about it, it is inevitable for historians to reflect (E) historians in writing about it inevitable reflect

(A) so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria (B) humans in malarial regions have been evolving dozens of chemical defenses against malaria 26.According to some analysts, (C) there has been, in malarial regions, an evoluwhatever its merits, the tion of dozens of human chemical defenses proposal to tax away all against malaria capital gains on short-term (D) dozens of chemical defenses against malaria investments would, if enacted, have been evolved by humans in malarial regions have a disastrous (E) similarly, in malarial regions, humans have effect on Wall Street trading evolved dozens of chemical defenses against and employment. malaria (A) its merits, the proposal to tax (B) its merits may be, the proposal of taxing (C) its merits as a proposal, taxing (D) the proposal's merits, to tax (E) the proposal's merits are,
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taxing 27. As virtually all the nation's 50 busiest airports are, New York's were built for an age of propellers, before jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.

SENTENCE CORRECTION TEST SECTION 13 30 Minutes 27 Questions

1. The key to control over the Eurasian steppes lay in the nomad's ability to use the (A) As virtually all the nation's 50 busiest airports are horse both as a means (B) As with virtually all of the nation's 50 busiest of transport but also as an airports effective military tool. (C) Like virtually all of the nation's 50 busiest airports (A) but also as (D) Like the cities where virtually all the nation's 50 (B) or as busiest airports are (C) and as (E) Like other cities where virtually all the nation's (D) or 50 busiest airports are (E) and also 2. Judge Lois Forer's study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor. (A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among (B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the
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courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between (C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among (D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between (E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among 3. As litigation grows more complex, the need that experts explain technical issues becomes more apparent. (A) that experts explain technical issues becomes (B) for experts to explain technical issues became (C) for experts to explain technical issues becomes (D) that technical issues be explained by experts became (E) that there be explanations of technical issues by experts has become

4. Last spring a Colorado health department survey of 72 playgrounds in private child-care centers found unsafe conditions in 95 percent of them and they ranged from splinters to equipment near collapse. (A) unsafe conditions in 95 percent of them and they ranged (B) conditions in 95 percent were unsafe and ranging (C) the ranging of unsafe conditions in 95 percent of them to be (D) that 95 percent had unsafe conditions ranging (E) that 95 percent of them had conditions that were unsafe; the range was 5. The expected rise in the price of oil could be a serious impact to industrialized nations and severely diminish the possibility to have an economy free of inflation. (A) be a serious impact to industrialized nations and severely diminish the possibility to have (B) seriously impact on industrialized nations and severely impede the

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possibility to have (C) seriously impact on industrialized nations and severely impede the possibility of having (D) have a serious impact on industrialized nations and severely impede the possibility to have (E) have a serious impact on industrialized nations and severely diminish the possibility of having 6. Recent excavations suggest that the ancient peoples of the Italian peninsula merged the cult of Damia--a goddess of fertility and the harvest---with Venus. (A) with Venus (B) and Venus (C) with that of Venus (D) and Venus' (E) and Venus' cult 7. Since the 1930's aircraft manufacturers have tried to build airplanes with frictionless wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly that the air passing over them would not become turbulent. (A) wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly (B) wings, wings so smooth and so perfectly shaped (C) wings that are shaped so smooth and perfect (D) wings, shaped in such a smooth and perfect manner (E) wings, wings having been shaped smoothly and perfectly so

8. Some biographers have not only disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he drank at all. (A) have not only disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he drank (B) not only have disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also over whether he drank (C) have disputed not only the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also whether he may not have drunk (D) not only have disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether or not he had drunk (E) have disputed the common notion not only that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he may not have drunk 9. According to Interstudy, a nonprofit organization

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that studies health maintenance organizations (HMO's), they estimate that, in comparison to last year, when only 36 percent of the nation's 607 HMO's was profitable, this year 73 percent will be. (A) they estimate that, in comparison to last year, when only 36 percent of the nation's 607 HMO's was profitable, this year 73 percent will be (B) compared to only 36 percent of the nation's 607 HMO's being profitable last year, they estimate 73 percent would be this year (C) only 36 percent of the nation's 607 HMO's were profitable last year; it estimates that this year 73 percent will be (D) it estimates 73 percent of the nation's 607 HMO's would be profitable this year; last year that was only 36 percent (E) only 36 percent of the nation's 607 HMO's last year were profitable, whereas they estimate it this year to be 73 percent 10. The visiting pharmacologists concluded that the present amalgam of Chinese and Western medicine is probably as good, or better than, any system that might be devised for the patients who are treated at the Nan Kai hospital in Tian-jing. (A) as good, or better than, any system that might be devised for the patients who are (B) as good, or better, than any system that might be devised for patients being

(C) as good, or better than, any system that might be devised for patients which are being (D) good as, or even better than, any other system that may be devised for the patients who are (E) as good as, or better than, any other system that might be devised for the patients 11. One of four babies are now born to mothers aged thirty years or more, compared with just one of six born in 1975. (A) of four babies are now born to mothers aged thirty years or more, compared with just one of six born (B) of four babies is now born to a mother whose age is thirty of older, compared to just one of six babies who were born (C) baby in four are now born to mothers aged thirty or older, compared to just one in six (D) baby in four is now born to a mother aged thirty or older, compared with just one in six (E) baby in four is now born to mothers aged thirty

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14. Researchers have questioned the use of costly and 12. School desegregation has worked well in Buffalo, experimental diagnostic tests New York, in part because parents and teachers to identify food allerwere given major roles in designing the city's magnet gies, such as milk, that schools, because extra federal funds were allocated supposedly disrupt normal to make each school unique, and because the federal behavior. judge enforced desegregation orders. (A) to identify food allergies, (A) because extra federal funds were allocated to such as make each school unique (B) to identify food allergies, (B) because of the allocation of extra federal funds like that make each school unique (C) to identify food allergies, (C) because each school is made unique by allocating such as to it extra federal funds (D) for identifying food (D) extra federal funds were allocated in order to allergies, like that of make each school unique (E) for identifying food (E) extra federal funds were allocated for making allergies, such as for each school unique 15. Biologists believe that they 13. Among the cossacks, vegetable farming was once have found one of the so despised that it was forbidden on pain of death. substances that tell individual genes both when to (A) so despised that it was become active and when to (B) so despised to be remain quiescent in the (C) so despised it had been earliest phases of an embryo's (D) despised enough that it was development. (E) despised enough as to be (A) tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain (B) tell individual genes both at which time they should become active or should remain (C) tells individual genes both when to become active or remain (D) tells individual genes both
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years or more, compared to just one in six

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when to become active or when to remain (E) will tell an individual gene both about when it should become active and remain 16. Unlike the lives of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, subjects of other Troyat biographies, Chekhov belongs to the twentieth century, an age of fretfulness and melancholy skepticism. (A) Unlike the lives of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, subjects of other Troyat biographies, Chekhov belongs (B) Chekhov, unlike the other Troyat biographies of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belongs (C) The life of Chekhov, unlike the lives of the subjects of other Troyat biographies, Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belongs (D) Chekhov and his life, unlike that of the other Troyat biographies--- Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belong (E) The life of Chekhov, unlike that of other Troyat biographies of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belongs 17 Not Scored

18. The capital of BosniaHerzegovina, Sarajevo's population on the eve of the First World War was 51,919. (A) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo's population (B) Bosnia-Herzegovina is Sarajevo, whose population (C) Bosnia-Herzegovina is Sarajevo, with a population (D) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo having a population that (E) Bosnia-Herzegovina, the population of Sarajevo 19. The growing demand for housing, traffic congestion, and longer commuting trips has all but eliminated the cost advantage of owning a house in many rural communities. (A) The growing demand for housing, traffic congestion, and longer commuting trips has (B) Traffic congestion, the growing demand for housing, and longer commuting trips has (C) Longer commuting trips, traffic congestion, and the growing demand for housing has

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(D) Traffic congestion, longer commuting trips, and the growing demand for housing have (E) The growing demand for housing, as well as traffic congestion and longer commuting trips, have 20. The investor who is uncertain about the future is more likely to put money into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than into gold. (A) than into (B) than they do (C) than they are (D) as into (E) as 21. According to the Better Business Bureau, if you fail to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as that of the lowest, it violates the New York Consumer Protection Law. (A) if you fail to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as that of the lowest, it (B) if one fails to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as the lowest price, it

(C) failure to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as the lowest (D) failure to advertise as prominently the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as the lowest (E) failing to advertise as prominently the highest price in a range of prices for a service or products as that of the lowest 22. In its most recent approach, the comet Crommelin passed the Earth at about the same distance and in about the same position, some 25 degrees above the horizon, that Halley's comet will pass the next time it appears. (A) that Halley's comet will pass (B) that Halley's comet is to be passing (C) as Halley's comet (D) as will Halley's comet (E) as Halley's comet will do 23. The number of mountain gorillas is declining with such rapidity that the population is one-half in the

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twenty years between a count made by George Schaller in 1960 and the one made by Dian Fossey in 1980. (A) with such rapidity that the population is onehalf (B) with such rapidity that the population was onehalf (C) so rapidly the population divided in half (D) so rapidly that the population was halved (E) in such rapidity that the population is halved 24. The ordinance is intended to force householders to separate such hazardous waste like pesticides, batteries, fertilizers, and oil-based paints from the general stream of household trash. (A) to separate such hazardous waste like (B) that they should separate such hazardous waste like (C) separating such hazardous wastes as (D) that they should separate such hazardous wastes as (E) to separate such hazardous wastes as

25. The distinctive hereditary tartans that are alleged to be worn since antiquity by members of the Highland clans were in fact designed by Scottish woolen manufacturers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (A) that are alleged to be worn (B) alleged to have been worn (C) that are worn, it was alleged. (D) alleged as having been worn (E) that are worn, allegedly. 26. According to a panel of health officials, there has been a great deal of confusion in the medical profession about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to health. (A) about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to (B) with respect to obesity being a biological disorder posing serious health risks or if it is

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related more to appearance than (C) over whether or not obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or it is a condition more related to appearance than to (D) about obesity and if it is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition related to appearance more than to (E) concerning whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or it is a condition related to appearance more than 27. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago. (A) supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that (B) supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact (C) that supports the theory of global forest fires that were ignited by a meteorite impact and that (D) in support of the theory that global forest fires were ignited by a meteorite impact and that (E) of support for the theory of a meteorite impact that ignited global forest fires and

SENTENCE CORRECTION TEST SECTION 14 25 Minutes 22 Questions 1. As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and most intense since Camille in 1969. (A) most intense since Camille in 1969 (B) most intense after Camille in 1969 (C) the most intense since Camille in 1969 (D) the most intense after 1969, which had Camille (E) since 1969 and Camille, the most intense 2. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word "natural" to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or nothing that has been synthesized. (A) or nothing that has been (B) or that has been (C) and nothing that is (D) or anything that has been (E) and anything

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3. Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases. (A) not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate (B) do damage by themselves but also are aggravating to (C) are damaging by themselves but also are aggravating (D) not only do damage by themselves, they are also aggravating to (E) are doing damage by themselves, and they are also aggravating 4. In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, so that it absorbs the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches. (A) act as a buffer, so that it absorbs (B) act like a buffer so as to absorb (C) act as a buffer, absorbing (D) acting as a buffer, absorbing (E) acting like a buffer, absorb

5. Senior executives had a larger percentage increase in pay in 1990 than the wages of other salaried workers. (A) Senior executives had a larger percentage increase in pay in 1990 than (B) The percentage of senior executives' pay increase in 1990 was larger than for (C) The 1990 increase in pay for senior executives was larger in terms of percentage than (D) In 1990 senior executives had a larger pay increase in terms of percentage than did (E) The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than did 6. The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementing their cultivation of maize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting. (A) but supplementing (B) and had supplemented (C) and even though they supplemented (D) although they supplemented

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(E) but with supplementing 7. Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that if they did not hold it, their grip on Algeria was always insecure. (A) if they did not hold it, their grip in Algeria was always insecure. (B) without it their grip on Algeria would never be secure (C) their grip on Algeria was not ever secure if they did not hold it (D) without that, they could never be secure about their grip on Algeria (E) never would their grip on Algeria be secure if they did not hold it. 8. Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world. (A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives (B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter (D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations (E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and 9. As contrasted with the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain. (A) As contrasted with the honeybee (B) In contrast to the honeybee's (C) Unlike the sting of the honeybee (D) Unlike that of the honeybee (E) Unlike the honeybee 10. The development of a new jumbo rocket that is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space

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shuttle and at a lower cost. (A) The development of a new jumbo rocket that is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and at a lower cost. (B) The development of a new jumbo rocket is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration and be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit at a lower cost than the space shuttle. (C) The new development of a jumbo rocket, which is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit at a lower cost than the space shuttle. (D) A newly developed jumbo rocket, which is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle can, and at a lower cost. (E) A newly developed jumbo rocket, which is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and to cost less.

11. Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner, the investigators did not doubt whether the body recovered from the river was the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison. (A) d id not doubt whether the body recovered from the river was (B) have no doubt whether the body recovered from the river was (C) had not doubted that the body recovered from the river was (D) have no doubt whether the body recovered from the river was that of (E) had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of 12. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors. (A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors (B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting

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hem apart, like nuclear reactors t (C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do (D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors (E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart. 13. His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas. (A) in which great ice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas (B) in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas (C) when great ice sheets existed where there were areas now temperate (D) when great ice sheets had existed in current temperate areas (E) when great ice sheets existed in areas now that are temperate

14. More and more in recent years, cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities, despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support. (A) to greater economic development and investing (B) to greater development economically and investing (C) of greater economic development and invest (D) of greater development economically and invest (E) for greater economic development and the investment of 15. Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanic Americans in fulltime engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen. (A) has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen (B) has steadily increased, while other students

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ntering the field have declined in number. e (C) increased steadily, while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field (D) have steadily increased, while the number of other students entering the field has fallen (E) have steadily increased, while that of other students who enter the field fell 16. Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology. (A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, (B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called protoninduced x-ray emission (C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it, (E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called protoninduced x-ray emission, 17. None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed have. (A) have (B) has (C) shall (D) do (E) could 18. Computers are becoming faster, more powerful, and

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more reliable, and so too are modems, they are the devices to allow two or more computers to share information over regular telephone lines. (A) so too are modems, they are the devices to allow (B) so too are modems, the devices that allow (C) so too modems, the devices allowing (D) also modems, they are the devices that allow (E) also modems, which are the devices to allow 19. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. (A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

20. Among the objects found in the excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea's aid in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help. (A) in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help (B) in healing physical and mental ills and to thank her for helping (C) in healing physical and mental ills, and thanking her for helping (D) to heal physical and mental ills or to thank her for such help (E) to heal physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help 21. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed. (A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their

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horns are (B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once their horns are (C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been (D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are (E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been 22. The technical term "pagination" is a process that leaves editors, instead of printers, assemble the page images that become the metal or plastic plates used in printing. (A) is a process that leaves editors, instead of printers, assemble (B) refers to a process that allows editors, rather than printers, to assemble (C) is a process leaving the editors, rather than printers, to assemble (D) refers to a process which allows editors, but not to printers, the assembly of (E) has reference to the process leaving to editors, instead of the printer, assembling

SENTENCE CORRECTION TEST SECTION 15 25 Minutes 22 Questions 1. Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows. (A) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's (B) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they were moved to the daytime hours in the 1930's (C) were aired first on evening radio in the 1920's, moving to the daytime hours in the 1930's (D) were aired first in the evening on 1920's radio, they moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's (E) aired on evening radio first in the 1920's, they were moved to the 1930's in the daytime hours

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2. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn. (A) so as so marry (B) and so could be married to (C) to be married to (D) so that he could marry (E) in order that he would marry 3. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclear reactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart; rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power. (A) apart; rather (B) apart, but rather (C) apart, but rather that of (D) apart, but that of (E) apart; it is that of

4. Seismologists studying the earthquake that struck northern California in October 1989 are still investigating some of its mysteries: the unexpected power of the seismic waves, the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and the strange electromagnetic signals detected hours before the temblor. (A) the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and the strange electromagnetic signals detected hours before the temblor (B) the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and strange electromagnetic signals were detected hours before the temblor (C) the upward thrust threw one man straight into the air, and hours before the temblor strange electromagnetic signals were detected (D) one man was thrown straight into the air by the upward thrust, and

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hours before the temblor strange electromagnetic signals were detected (E) one man who was thrown straight into the air by the upward thrust, and strange electromagnetic signals that were detected hours before the temblor 5. A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published, reveals that Twain provided financial assistance to one of the first Black students at Yale Law School. (A) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published, (B) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (C) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published. (D) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year as he published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that (E) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that

6. Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more due to the fact that their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating. (A) due to the fact that their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating (B) due to their bodies burning calories too slowly than to eating too much (C) because their bodies burn calories too slowly than that they are overeaters (D) because their bodies burn calories too slowly than because they eat too much (E) because of their bodies burning calories too slowly than because of their eating too much 7. As a result of the groundbreaking work of Barbara McClintock, many scientists now believe that all of the information encoded in 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely three percent of the cell's DNA.

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(A) 50,000 to100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely (B) 50,000 to100,000 of the human cell's different genes are contained in a mere (C) the 50,000 to100,000 different genes found in human cells are contained in merely (D) 50,000 to100,000 of human cell's different genes is contained in merely (E) the 50,000 to100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere 8. So poorly educated and trained are many young recruits to the United States work force that many business executives fear this country will lose its economic preeminence. (A) So poorly educated and trained are many young recruits to the United States work force that (B) As poorly educated and trained as many young recruits to the United States work force are (C) Because of many young recruits to the United States work force who are so poorly educated and trained. (D) That many young recruits to the United States work force are so poorly educated and trained is why (E) Many young recruits to the United States work force who are so poorly educated and trained explains why

9. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically. (A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have (B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have (C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have (D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has (E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has 10. During the early years of

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European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers, Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death. (A) Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of (B) Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of (C) Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue (D) having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped the rescue of (E) knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue 11. Quasars are so distant that their light has taken billions of years to reach the Earth; consequently, we see them as they were during the formation of the universe. (A) we see them as they were during (B) we see them as they had been during (C) we see them as if during (D) they appear to us as they did in (E) they appear to us as though in

12. Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large. (A) to survive (B) of firms to survive (C) for surviving (D) for survival (E) for firms' survival 13. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly. (A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be (B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being (C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being (D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as (E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers,

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as 14. NOT SCORED 15. Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice, which dates from the eighth century, was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders. (A) to keep from (B) to keep it from (C) to avoid (D) in order that it would avoid (E) in order to keep from 16. As measured by the Commerce Department, corporate profits peaked in the fourth quarter of 1988 and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs. (A) and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs

(B) and have slipped since then, the reason being because many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs (C) and slipped since then, many companies being unable to pass on higher costs (D) but, many companies unable to pass on higher costs, they have slipped since then (E) yet are slipping since then, because many companies were unable to pass on higher costs 17. The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's airtraffic control system, to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being compromised. (A) to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts (B) leading to 55 percent more delay at airports and prompting (C) to lead to a 55 percent increase in delay at airports and prompt

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(D) to lead to an increase of 55 percent in delays at airports, and prompted (E) leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at airports and prompting 18. Judge Bonham denied a motion to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to a hotel. (A) to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to (B) that would have allowed members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of confined to (C) under which members of the jury are allowed to go home at the end of each day instead of confining them in (D) that would allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than confinement in (E) to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than be confined to

19. In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17,1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day. (A) Americans were killed as (B) Americans were killed than (C) Americans were killed than those who (D) more Americans were killed as there (E) more Americans were killed as those who 20. As a result of medical advances, many people that might at one time have died as children of such infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now live well into old age. (A) that might at one time have died as children (B) who might once have died in childhood (C) that as children might once have died (D) who in childhood might have at one time died (E) who, when they were

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children, might at one time have died 21. Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason as an expert does---computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these. (A) as an expert does---computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these (B) as an expert does, which may be used for purposes such as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan (C) like an expert---computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan (D) like an expert, the use of which would be for purposes like the diagnosis of equipment breakdowns or the decision whether or not a loan should be authorized (E) like an expert, to be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan or not, or the like

22. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq. (A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and (B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also (C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the

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Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and (D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and (E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

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