CH 18
CH 18
CH 18
1. Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in: NiCl2 Nickel ion charge would be +2, so oxidation number is +2
Mg2TiO4
Titanium ox # of +4, so that the whole thing adds up to zero charge Oxygen ox # (from the rules) is -2
K2Cr2O7
HPO4-
Phosphorus ox # of +6, so that the whole thing adds up to 1 charge 2. Identify whether each reaction is a redox reaction. If so, identify the oxidizing agent,
the reducing agent, the substance being oxidized, and the substance being reduced. Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
a.
Product ox # Zn is +2, H is 0, Cl is 1
Reactant ox # Zn is 0, H is +1, Cl is -1
was oxidized and is the reducing agent. reduced and is the oxidizing agent b. Cr2O7
2-
(aq)
2OH- (aq)
CrO4
2-
(aq)
H2O (l)
Since there is no change in ox #s, this is not a redox reaction Identify the substances oxidized and reduced in the reaction of calcium and chlorine to What are the oxidizing and reducing agents? + Cl2 CaCl2
3.
Reactant ox # Ca is 0, Cl is 0
Balanced equation:
Ca
CH3OH (aq)
CH3OH CH2O
(aq)
CH2O (aq)
Cr
3+
(aq)
in acidic solution
3+
2-
Cr
2-
2Cr
3+
2-
Balance H using H+
2Cr
3+
+ 7 H2 O 2Cr
3+
CH3OH CH2O + 2H
14 H 14 H 14 H
3+
2-
+ 7 H2 O
3+
2-
+ 6e- 2Cr
+ 7 H2 O + 7 H2 O
2-
+ 6e- 2Cr
3+
+ Cr2O7 +
2-
3CH2O + 2Cr
+ 7 H2 O
ClO (aq)
Balance O using H2O Cl2 Balance H using H+ Cl2 Balance charge using eMake + 2e- 2Cl
-
Cl2
2Cl
Cl2 2ClO
2Cl
2Cl
Cl2
They are
e- the same
Cancel H2O
and OH-
+ 4 OH-
Reduce coefficients
-
Cl + ClO + H2O
(aq)
||
Cu
2+
(aq)
Cu (s)
Write a balanced equation for the cell reaction and give a brief description of the cell. The anode is first: Cr (s) Cr
2+ 3+
Make the number of electrons the same and add the reactions to get: (aq) + 2Cr
3+
Cu
(aq)
+ 2e-
(aq)
+ 3e-
Cu (s)
+ 6e-
2+
(aq)
3Cu (s)
+ 6e-
2Cr (s)
3Cu
(aq)
2Cr
3+
(aq)
+ 3Cu (s)
3+
The cell is a chromium anode dipped into a solution of Cr salt bridge. cathode dipped into a solution of Cu
2+
ions.
2. W rite the shorthand notation for a galvanic cell that uses the reaction: Mg (s) + Fe
2+
(aq)
Mg
2+
(aq)
Fe (s)
So Mg is oxidized (this is the anode) and the Fe is reduced (this is the cathode). Mg (s) | Mg
2+
Mg
2+
(aq)
2e-
(aq) || Fe
2+
(aq) | Fe (s)
1. A galvanic cell consists of a Mg electrode in a 1.0 M Mg(NO3)2 solution and a Ag electrode in a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution. Calculate the E for this cell.
E (Mg
2+
/Mg)
0.80 V
-2.37 V
Silver has the more positive reduction potential, so it will be reduced. So Ecell = EAg+/Ag EMg2+/Mg = 0.80 (-2.37) = 3.17 V
2. a.
6I
3I2
2Al
So Ecell
2NO
4H2O
3Fe
2NO3
8H
So Ecell
ENO3-/NO =
2Cr
3+
2Cr
3Ca
2+
So Ecell
1. A current of 0.452 A is passed through an electrolytic cell containing molten CaCl2 for 1.5 hours. formed at the electrode.
2+
Write the electrode reactions and calculate the quantity of products (in grams)
Cathode: Ca Anode:
(l)
1.50 hours x (60 min/hr) x (60 sec/min) = 5.40 x 10 Charge = current x time
3
seconds
(2.44 x 10
Anode:
Cathode: 0.0253 mole e- x (1 mole Ca/2 mole e-) x (40.08 g/mol) = 0.507 g Ca 0.0253 mole e- x (1 mole Cl2/2 mole e-) x (70.906 g/mol) = 0.897 g Cl2
2. A constant current is passed through an electrolytic cell containing molten MgCl2 for 18 hours. If 4.8 x 10
5
grams of Cl2 are obtained, what was the current (in amperes)? + 2e-
Anode:
1.31 x 10
4.8 x 10
grams
C = 1.31 x 10
As
sec
4
As / 6.48 x 10
sec = 2.02 x 10
How many hours are required to produce 1000 kg of sodium by electrolysis of molten How many liters of Cl2 at STP will be
4.350 x 10 4.350 x 10
Anode:
Cathode: Na
(l)
+ e-
Na (l) + 2e-
4 9
4.197 x 10 4.350 x 10
As / 30,000 A = 1.399 x 10
C = 4.197 x 10
As
mole e- x (1 mol Cl2 / 2 mole e-) = 2.175 x 10 STP: 1 atm and 273 K
mole Cl2
V =
PV = nRT
(2.175 x 10
1. Calculate the standard free energy change and Kc for the following reaction at 25 C. Sn (s) + 2Cu
2+
(aq)
Sn
2+
(aq)
2Cu
(aq)
G = -nFE
ECu2+/Cu+
Sn -
2+
ESn2+/Sn
+ 2e-
Reduction:
2Cu
2+
+ 2e-
2Cu
Note 0.0257 V is the result of RT/F for 25 C 2. Predict whether the following reaction would proceed spontaneously as written at 298 K: Co (s) + Fe
2+
Ecell
Oxidation: =
2+
(aq) Co
2+
2+
] = 0.68 M
(aq)
Fe (s)
Co Co
ECo2+/Co
+ 2e=
Reduction: Fe
2+
+ 2e- Fe
From the overall reaction (recalling that pure solids do not appear in Q expression) E = (-0.17) (0.0257 V / 2) (ln 0.22) = -0.15 V ] / [Fe
2+
Since E is negative, the reaction is NOT spontaneous in the direction written 3. A galvanic cell was set up using the following reaction: Mg (s) + Cd
2+
(aq)
Mg
2+
(aq)
Cd (s)
this cell was measured to be 1.54 V. The half reactions: Ecell = ECd2+/Cd -
The magnesium electrode was dipped into a 1.0 M solution of MgSO4 and the cadmium
2+
What is the Cd
2+
concentration.
concentration?
The potential of
Oxidation:
Mg Mg
2+
EMg2+/Mg
+ 2e-
Reduction: Cd
2+
+ 2e- Cd
From the overall reaction (recalling that pure solids do not appear in Q expression) ] / [Cd
2+
1.0 / [Cd
2+