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    Author(s) : Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009 License: Unless Otherwise Noted, This Material Is Made Available Under The Terms of

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    basal ganglia

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    basal ganglia

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    Basal Ganglia Lecture

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    basal ganglia

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    Author(s) : Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009 License: Unless Otherwise Noted, This Material Is Made Available Under The Terms of

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    basal ganglia

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    Author(s): Peter Hitchcock, PH.D.

    , 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNon-commercialShare Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/


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    Basal Ganglia
    M1 CNS Sequence Peter Hitchcock, Ph.D.

    Winter, 2009

    The topic of today s lecture is the basal ganglia. I. Fundamental concepts of basal ganglia structure and function. II. Nuclei of the basal ganglia III. Axonal connections of the basal ganglia. a. afferent connections b. intrinsic connections c. efferent connections d. direct and indirect pathways IV. Neurotransmitters of the basal ganglia V. Diseases of the basal ganglia VI. Models of anatomy and function of basal ganglia

    Source Undetermined

    The basal ganglia: organizing principles. 1) The basal ganglia is a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that functions as a central link in the part of the motor system that translates the desire to move (mentation) into action 2) The basal ganglia integrates representations of sensory inputs, motor programs and internal states and selects the appropriate, context -dependent learned behavior 3) The basal ganglia are involved in higher order movements, particularly those with a cognitive component and damage to or disorders of the basal ganglia result in disruption of movements and may also cause signicant decits in other neural function such as cognition, perception and mentation 4) The basal ganglia do not make direct or indirect connections with the motor neurons in the spinal cord or brainstem; rather it regulates the output of the cerebral cortex The basal ganglia contains 4 parallel, anatomically separate loops that originate in cortex, pass through the basal ganglia and project back to cortex via the dorsal thalamus. Each loop corresponds to a particular behaviorly relevant movement. The four loops are: somatic motor loop: somatomotor control of voluntary movements occulomotor loop: control of eye movements frontal loop: cognitive functions limbic loop: emotional and visceral functions

    5)

    The basal ganglia: organizing principles, cont d.


    6) The basal ganglia receive inputs from all of the cerebral cortex and may be involved in all cortical functions

    7) The basal ganglia function primarily through disinhibition (release from inhibition) of thalamocortical circuits. 8) Diseases of the basal ganglia can be described as disruptions of the neurotransmitter interactions between components of the basal ganglia. This lecture will deal only with the somatic-motor loop (motor channel) of the basal ganglia that is involved in regulating voluntary, somatic movements

    lenticular nucleus (neo)striatum corpus striatum

    The neostriatum is the primary afferent-receiving structure of the basal ganglia.

    Source Undetermined

    A
    caudate putamen

    anterior commisure

    ventral striatum: olfactory tubercle, nuc. accumbens


    internal capsule

    ventral globus pallidus: substantia inominata

    globus pallidus dorsal thalamus

    putamen

    Source Undetermined

    amygdala

    subthalamic nuc.

    dorsal thalamus

    caudate

    putamen globus pallidus

    substantia nigra -pars compacta -pars reticulata


    Source Undetermined

    internal capsule -posterior limb

    This schematic diagram illustrates the nuclei of the basal ganglia and the three components of the major anatomical connections: afferent connections, intrinsic connections, efferent connections

    Source Undetermined

    PD results from the degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra HD results from the degeneration of neurons in the neostriatum
    Source Undetermined

    Function of indirect and direct pathways in the BG

    Manter and Gatz s 10th edition

    Summary diagrams of the control circuits of the motor system. A: basal ganglia B: cerebellum

    Descending systems

    Source Undetermined

    Blood supply to the basal ganglia

    branches of anterior and middle cerebral artery


    Source Undetermined

    Additional Source Information


    for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
    Slide 5: Source Undetermined Slide 8: Source Undetermined Slide 9: Source Undetermined Slide 10: Source Undetermined Slide 11: Source Undetermined Slide 12: Source Undetermined Slide 13: Manter and Gatz s 10th edition Slide 14: Source Undetermined Slide 15: Source Undetermined

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