Compilation of Phanerozoic Sea-Level Change
Compilation of Phanerozoic Sea-Level Change
Compilation of Phanerozoic Sea-Level Change
Compiled by John W. Snedden1 and Chengjie Liu2 Search and Discovery Article #40594 (2010)
Posted August 20, 2010 *Received August 12, 2010.
1 2
Introduction Following is a compilation of published information on Phanerozic sea-level change and coastal onlaps. Coastal onlap curves for the Paleozoic are derived from Haq and Schutter (2008) and that for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic are from Hardenbol et al. (1998), with minor revisions to accommodate absolute age revision and redefinition of stages. We also made age recalibrations for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic interval to the 2004/2008 timescale. The sea level trends are derived from Haq et al. (1987). The time scale used here is from 2008; it is the current consensus time scale, but we expect future revisions with improved age data. The magnitudes of sea-level change in this chart follow the estimation of Haq and Schutter (2008) and Hardenbol et al. (1998). However, there is little consensus on the range of sea-level changes, though most believe that the sea-level position during most of the Phanerozoic was within 100 meters of the present-day level. The sequence designations are derived from a combination of abbreviated stage names and a sequential numerical appendix similar to the sequence boundary names of Hardenbol et al. (1998)*. A sequence is designated by the sequence boundary name at its base. These are useful for chronostratigraphic designations of both depositional sequences and sequence stratigraphic surfaces. We thank Jim Ogg and Gabi Ogg at the Purdue University and the International Commission on Stratigraphy for their assistance in age recalibration of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic depositional sequences of Hardenbol et al. (1998) into the 2004/2008 time scale. * Sequence names for 19 Cambrian sequences are temporary because six stages containing these sequences have not yet been ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy.
References Haq, B.U. and S.R. Shutter, 2008, A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes: Science, v. 322, October 2008, p. 64-68. Haq, B.U. and A.M. Al-Qahtani, 2005, Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform: GeoArabia, v. 10/2, p. 127-160. Hardenbol, J., J. Thierry, M.B. Farley, T. Jacquin, P.C. de Graciansky, and P. Vail, 1998, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic framework of European basins, in P.C. Graciansky, et al. (eds) Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins: SEPM Special Publication 60, p. 3-13, charts 1-8.
COASTAL ONLAPS*
Sequence Terminology1
Io1 0.78 Cala2 1.81 Cala1 Ge2 2.59 Pia2Ge1 Pia1 3.60 Za2 Za1 5.33 7.25 Tor2 Me2 Me1
SEA-LEVEL CHANGE*
(Meters above PD)
200
0.86 1.39 1.54 2.08 2.5 2.72 3.18 4.04 4.36 5.83 7.16 9.32
COASTAL ONLAPS*
Sequence Terminology1
1.0
In1 Chan3 Chan2 Chan1 Wu2
256
SEA-LEVEL CHANGE*
(Meters above PD)
200
249.85 251.5 252.5 253.8
COMMON USAGE
CALABRIAN PIACENZIAN
Landward Basin-ward
0.5 0.0
Landward Basin-ward
0.5 0.0
Pleist.
1.0
100
-100m
250
TRIASSIC
GUADALUPIAN LOPINGIAN
NEOGENE
MESSINIAN
Upper
Plioc.
ZANCLEAN
100
-100m
Miocene
10
TORTONIAN
11.61
Tor1
11.79
Wu1 260.4
260.4
Middle
13.82 15.97
Ser3 Ser2 Lan2/Ser1 Bur5/Lan1 Bur4 Bur3 Bur2 Bur1 Aq2 Aq1 Ch3
260
CAPITANIAN
265.8
262 263
Long-term Trend
20
20.43
23.03
23.03 24.82
270
PERMIAN
AQUITANIAN
21.58
Long-term Trend
Oligocene
Wor3 Wor2 Wor1 268.0 Roa2 Roa1 270.6 Kun4 Kun3 Kun2 Kun1 275.6 Art3
265.8 266.5 267 267.5 268.4 270.6 271.3 272 273.5 275.6
CHATTIAN
28.4
30
RUPELIAN
33.9
Short-term Trend
278
PALEOGENE
Lower
PRIABONIAN
37.2
CISURALIAN
280
ARTINSKIAN
284.4
Art2
281.5
Short-term Trend
Art1
284.4
Sak7
286.5
Eocene
40
BARTONIAN
40.4
Sak6
288 289.6 291 292 293.2 294.6 295.8 296.7 297.5 299 300.5 301.8 303.5 304.7 305.5 306.7 308.3 309 311.3 312.3 313.3 314.3 315.6 316 316.7 317.5 319.2 320.5 321.7 323 324 325 326.6 327.4 329.4 330.2 331.6 332.8
41.67
Lu3
42.93
290
SAKMARIAN
294.6
Sak5 Sak4 Sak3 Sak2 Sak1 As4 As3 As2 As1 Gzh3 Gzh2 Gzh1 303.4 Kas3 Kas2 Kas1 Mos3 Mos2 Mos1 311.7 Bas7 Bas6 Bas5 Bas4 Bas3 Bas2 Bas1 Srp8 Srp7 Srp6 Srp5 Srp4 Srp3 Srp2 Srp1 328.3 Vis8 Vis7 Vis6
LUTETIAN
48.6 Yp9
Lu2
45.35
Lu1
47.47
Yp10 Yp8 Yp7 Yp6 Yp5 Yp4 Yp3 Yp2 Yp1 Th6 Th5 Th3 Th4 Th2 Th1 Sel1 Da4 Da3 Da2 Da1 Ma5
51.06
50
49.75 50.12 51.73 52.45 53.55 54.49 54.09 54.89 55.44 56.09 56.52 57.24 57.58 58.23 59.32 61.1 62.15 63.41 64.54 65.12 67.7
ASSELIAN
299.0
YPRESIAN
55.8
300
Pennsylvanian
Paleocene
58.7 61.1
60
310
65.5
MAASTRICHTIAN
70
70.6
Ma2
70.07
70.78 73.14
Upper Cretaceous
Cam8
Upper
Cam9
320
CARBONIFEROUS
68.96 69.47
CAMPANIAN
Cam7 Cam6 Cam5 Cam4 Cam3 Cam2 Cam1 Sa3 Sa2 Sa1 Co1 Tu4
81.57
75.61 76.69 77.31 79.81 80.33 81.04 83.1 83.99 84.62 85.55 86.96
SERPUKHOVIAN
80
330
83.5
85.8 88.6
Mississippian
Middle
Vis5 Vis4
90
89.54
VISEAN
Vis3 Vis2
336
Tu3 Tu2 Tu1 93.6 Ce5 Ce4 Ce3 Ce2 Ce1 Al11 Al10 Al9 Al8
90.89
339.2
340
CRETACEOUS
343
CENOMANIAN
99.6
Vis1 345.3
344.5
Tou5
345.7
100
Tou4
348.5
100.94
Lower
102.31
350
Tou3
351
105.05
TOURNAISIAN
Tou2
353.3
ALBIAN
Tou1
Cretaceous
110
Al1
110.97
359.2
359.2
360
Fam8 Fam7
361
Ap5
117.85
363.4
Fam6
Upper
120
APTIAN
Ap4
121
FAMENNIAN
Ap3
370
123.97 124.58 125 126.2 127.75 128.35 128.63 129.12 129.64 130.07 130.27 130.4 131.61 132.47 133.13 133.64 134.17 134.75 135.23 135.89 136.43 138.23 140.18 140.95 141.33 141.55 141.93 142.96 143.48 144.44 145.46 146.04 146.96 147.66 148.61 150.37 151.07 152.49 153.16 154.2 155.35 156.09 157.04 158.06 159.28 160.77 162.01 163.2 163.71 164.23 164.93 164.74 165.52 166.21 166.7 167.09 167.97 169.05 169.84 170.62 171.6 173.38 160.06 161.21 162.69 158.53 153.77
370
Fam2
372
Lower
125.0
130
DEVONIAN
Barr5 Barr4 Barr2 Barr3 Barr1 130.0 Ha6 Ha7 Ha5 Ha4 Ha3 Ha2 Ha1 133.9 Va7 Va6 Va5 Va4 Va3 Va2 Va1 140.2 Be8 Be7Be6 Be5 Be4 Be3 Be2 Be1 145.5 Ti5 Ti4 Ti3 Ti2 150.8 Ti1 Kim5 Kim4 Kim3 Kim2 Kim1 Kim0 Ox7 Ox6 Ox5 Ox4 Ox3 Ox2 Ox1 Ox0
380
FRASNIAN
385.3
Fra4 Fra3 Fra2 Fra1 Giv7 Giv6 Giv5 Giv4 Giv3 Giv2 Giv1 Eif6 Eif5 Eif4 Eif3 Eif2 Eif1 397.5 Ems5
Middle
140
BERRIASIAN
390
GIVETIAN
391.8
EIFELIAN
TITHONIAN KIMMERIDGIAN
150
400
399.5
Ems4
401.2
155.6
Lower
EMSIAN
407.0
Ems3
404
OXFORDIAN
161.2
160
JURASSIC
Mid. Upper
170
Call5 Call4 Call2 Call3 Call1 164.7 Call0 Bat5 Bat4 Bat3 Bat2 Bj5 Bat1 167.7 Bj4 Bj3 Bj2 Bj1 171.6 Aa2 Aa1 175.6 Toa7 Toa6
410
PRAGIAN
411.2
Loc4 Loc3
LOCHKOVIAN
416.0
Loc2 Loc1 Pri1 Lud3 Lud2 Lud1 Gor1 Hom2 Hom1 Sh1 Tely4 Tely3
PRIDOLIAN
LUDLOW WENLOCK
418.7
420
180
TOARCIAN
Toa5 Toa4 Toa3 Toa2 183.0 Toa1 Pl8 Pl7 Pl6 Pl5 Pl2 Pl1 Si5 Si4 Si3 Si2 Si1 He3 He2 199.6 He1 Rh2 Rh1 No2 Pl3
180.95 182.85
SILURIAN
Jurassic
430
LLANDOVERY
Lower
TELYCHIAN
436.0
Tely2 Tely1
432
PLIENSBACHIAN
189.6
Pl4
435
Aer2
436.8
190
Lower
AERONIAN RHUDDANIAN
SINEMURIAN
196.5
440
HETTANGIAN
200
HIRNANTIAN
450
445.6
ASHGILL
Upper
RHAETIAN
203.6
KATIAN
455.8
Triassic
205.56
Kat1
ORDOVICIAN
No1
CARADOC
San3 San2
210
NORIAN
211.48
SANDBIAN
460.9
460
Middle
Car4
Upper
TRIASSIC
216.5
218.13
DARRIWILIAN
468.1
LLANVIRN
220
Car3
CARNIAN
221.39
Car2
224.13
470
DAPINGIAN
471.8
Dap2
ARENIG
Car1 228.7
227.96 229.64
FLOIAN
230
Lower
Lad3 Lad2
LADINIAN
237.0
232.51
480
Lad1
234.25
481
An4
238.75
TREMADOCIAN
488.3
Tre3
483.8
Tre2
486.8
ANISIAN
An2 An1 245.9
Series 3 Furongian
240
An3
WERENDIAN
DATSONIAN
490
STAGE 10
492.0
PAYNTONIAN IVERIAN
250
OLENEKIAN INDUAN
CHANGHSINGIAN WUCHIAPINGIAN
Ol4 Ol3
STAGE 9
496.0
Ol2
495
Upper PERMIAN
PAIBIAN
499.0
IDAMEAN
Pai1
499
500
GUZHANGIAN MINDYALLAN
503.0
DRUMIAN
506.5
CAMBRIAN
260
1
260.4
260.4
200
100
-100m
STAGE 5
510.0
Series 2
Sequence terminology is derived from combination of abbreviated stage names and a sequential numerical appendix similar to the sequence boundary names of Hadenbol et al. (1998). Coastal onlap curves of Paleozoic are from Haq and Shutter (2008) and that for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic are from Hardenbol et al. (1998) with minor revision. Major relative sea-level change* (>75 m) Medium relative sea-level change (25-75 m) Minor relative sea-level change (<25 m) * The magnitudes of sea-level change in this chart follow the estimation of Haq and Shutter (2008), and Hardenbol and others (1998). However, there is little consensus on the range of sea-level changes though it is a general belief that the sea-level during most of the Phanerozoic has been less than 100 meters of the present day level.
510
STAGE 4
515.0
4Cam1
514
3Cam5
515.5
STAGE 3
520
TOMMOTIAN
2Cam2
524
Terreneuvian
STAGE 2
528.0
2Cam1
528
REFERENCES
Haq, B. U. and Shutter, S. R., 2008. A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes. Science, Vol. 322, October 2008, p. 64-68. Haq, B. U. and Al-Qahtani, A. M., 2005. Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform. GeoArabia, Vol. 10 (2), p. 127-160. Hardenbol, J., Thierry, J., Farley, M. B., Jacquin, T., de Graciansky, P. C., and Vail, P., 1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic framework of European basins, in Graciansky, P. C. et al. (eds.), Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Pub. #60, p. 3-13, charts 1-8.
530
For6
FORTUNIAN
NEMAKITDALDYNIAN
533
For2
540
542.0
540
For1
542
Contact information for this file: John W. Snedden, Ph.D. ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH ([email protected] Chengjie Liu, Ph.D., ExxonMobil Exploration ([email protected])
550
Ven4
544
Ven3
EDIACARAN
545.5
Ven2 Ven1
548 549
200
100
-100m