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    Unit 13 - Nuclear Chemistry - Notes - KEY

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    Sumathi Srinivas
    The document discusses various topics in nuclear chemistry including: 1) The discovery of radiation by Roentgen, the Curies, and Bacquerel in the late 1800s. 2) The three main types of radiation - alpha, beta, and gamma - and their properties. 3) Radioactive decay processes including alpha decay, beta decay, and half-life. 4) Applications of radioisotopes such as radiocarbon dating and nuclear reactors that use fission to generate power.

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    Unit 13 - Nuclear Chemistry - Notes - KEY

    Uploaded by

    Sumathi Srinivas
    514 views2 pages
    The document discusses various topics in nuclear chemistry including: 1) The discovery of radiation by Roentgen, the Curies, and Bacquerel in the late 1800s. 2) The three main types of radiation - alpha, beta, and gamma - and their properties. 3) Radioactive decay processes including alpha decay, beta decay, and half-life. 4) Applications of radioisotopes such as radiocarbon dating and nuclear reactors that use fission to generate power.

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    The document discusses various topics in nuclear chemistry including: 1) The discovery of radiation by Roentgen, the Curies, and Bacquerel in the late 1800s. 2) The three main types of radiation - alpha, beta, and gamma - and their properties. 3) Radioactive decay processes including alpha decay, beta decay, and half-life. 4) Applications of radioisotopes such as radiocarbon dating and nuclear reactors that use fission to generate power.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    514 views2 pages

    Unit 13 - Nuclear Chemistry - Notes - KEY

    Uploaded by

    Sumathi Srinivas
    The document discusses various topics in nuclear chemistry including: 1) The discovery of radiation by Roentgen, the Curies, and Bacquerel in the late 1800s. 2) The three main types of radiation - alpha, beta, and gamma - and their properties. 3) Radioactive decay processes including alpha decay, beta decay, and half-life. 4) Applications of radioisotopes such as radiocarbon dating and nuclear reactors that use fission to generate power.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Unit 13: Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity & Radiation Process by which materials give off rays The rays

    and particles that are emitted by a radioactive source.

    Discovery of Radiation

    Roentgen found invisible rays were emitted which caused photographic plates to become exposed The Curies found it was uranium ore that was producing the rays Bacquerel found certain materials emit light (phosphorescence) after being exposed to sunlight.

    Isotopes

    Radioisotopes - isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei. Nuclear stability is determined by the ratio between the protons and neutrons

    3 Types of Radiation Alpha (Symbol: Beta (Symbol: ) )

    Particle Type Helium nucleus High energy electron

    Charge (if applicable) +2 -1

    Blocked By? piece of paper wood lead or concrete

    Gamma (Symbol: ) Types of Radioactive Decay

    High energy radiation (photons with no mass)

    Alpha Decay Radio isotope breaks apart producing an alpha particle Emits? alpha particle (helium nucleus) Beta Decay Radioisotope breaks apart producing a beta particle; commonly associated with the release of gamma radiation. Emits? High energy electron

    Radiochemical Dating

    The process of determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of a certain radioisotope remaining in that object. ex. Carbon- 14 dating

    Half-Life

    Time required for one half of the isotopes nuclei to decay into its products Equation: Final Amount = (Initial Amount) x 1/2(t/T) t = time elapsed T = half-life

    Nuclear Fission

    The splitting of a nucleus into fragments Similar to radioactive decay, however it is induced by bombarding sample with particles Some radioisotopes have great mass and result in a chain reaction when fission is induced; the byproducts go on to split other atoms and so on

    Nuclear Reactors

    Fissionable Uranium Oxide in corrosion resistant fuel rods powers the reactor Started by a neutron emitting source, and has a reflector source around it to reflect the neutrons back at the fuel rods Water which cools the rods circulates through it producing steam which turns turbines to produce power Control rods are lowered into the core to absorb the neutrons and control the rate of reaction; otherwise can result in a chain reaction Spent control rods and radioactive waste must be contained; first in storages pools, then transport it to underground waste facilities like Yucca Mountain, Nevada

    Nuclear Fusion

    The combining of two or more nuclei to form a stable nuclei Fusion products are not radioactive, but to make it happen, it takes extremely high temperatures Because of the amount of heat they are also called thermonuclear reactions

    Detecting Radiation

    Ionizing radiation radiation energetic enough to ionize matter Geiger counter a metal tube filled with a gas that is connected to a power supply. When ionizing radiation penetrates the tube, the gas absorbs the radiation making the free electrons flow Film Badge detects the amount of radiation a person has been exposed to over time, based on the developing of the film

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