Kumbakonam is located at 10.97N 79.42E.

[33] It is situated 273 km (170 mi) south of Chennai,[34] 96 km (60 mi) east of Tiruchirappalli, and about 40 km (25 mi) north-east ofThanjavur.[35] It lies in the region called the "Old delta" which comprises the north-western taluks of Thanjavur district that have been naturally irrigated by the waters of the Cauvery and its tributaries for centuries in contrast to the "New Delta" comprising the southern taluks that were brought under irrigation by the construction of theGrand Anicut canal and the Vadavar canal in 1934.[36][37] It has an average elevation of 26 metres (85 ft).[38] The town is bounded by two rivers, the Cauvery Riveron the north and Arasalar River on the south.[6] Although the Cauvery delta is usually hot, the climate of Kumbakonam and other surrounding towns is generally healthy[39] and moderate.[40] Kumbakonam is cooler than Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu.[41] The maximum temperature in summer is about 40 C (104 F) while the minimum temperature is about 20 C(68 F).[42] Kumbakonam receives an annual rainfall of 114.78 cm (45.19 in) every year.[43] The region is covered with mainly alluvial or black soil which is conducive for rice cultivation.[36] Other crops grown in Kumbakonam include mulberry, cereals and sugarcane.[44][45] The town of Kumbakonam is surrounded by extensive paddy fields.[36] Methods of irrigation were considerably improved following the opening of the Mettur Damin 1934.[14][36] The fauna of the Cauvery Delta is limited to cattle and goats.[44] The town is situated at the western flank of the Kumbakonam-Shiyali ridge which runs along the Kollidam river[46] basin separating the AriyalurPuducherry depression from the Nagapattinam depression.[47][48] This granular ridge projects further eastwards penetrating the Puducherry depression and forms a hard layer of cretaceous rock underneath the sedimentary top soil.[48][49]

Temples[edit source | editbeta]

Mahamaham tank one of the most prominent landmarks of the town

Main article: Temples of Kumbakonam Kumbakonam is known for its temples and mathas (monasteries). There are around 188 Hindu temples within the municipal limits of Kumbakonam.[25] Apart from these, there several thousand temples around the town thereby giving the town the sobriquets "Temple Town" and "City of temples".[50] Adi Kumbeswarar Temple is considered to be the oldest Shaiva (the sect of the god Shiva) shrine in the town, believed to be constructed by the Cholas in the 7th century.[51] TheNageswaraswamy Temple has a separate shrine for the Sun god Surya who is believed to have worshipped Shiva at this place.[52] Adi Kumbeswarar temple, Nageswaraswamy temple andKasi Viswanathar temple are Shiva temples in the town revered in the Tevaram, a Tamil Shaiva canonical work of the 7th8th century.[53] Kumbakonam has one of the few temples dedicated to the god Brahma.[54] Sarangapani temple is the largest Vaishnava (the sect of the god Vishnu) shrine present in Kumbakonam. The present structure of the temple having a twelve storey high tower was constructed by Nayak kings in the 15th century. It is one of the "Divya Desams", the 108 temples of Vishnu revered by the 12 Alvar saint-poets.[55][56] The Ramaswamy temple, which has scenes from the Hindu epic Ramayana depicted on its walls, was constructed by Govinda Dikshitar, the minister of successive Nayak rulers, Achuthappa Nayak (15601614) and Raghunatha Nayak (160034).[57][58] He added a commercial corridor between the temple and the older Chakrapani temple, which in modern times is called Chinna Kadai Veethi, a commercial street in the town. [59] Pilgrims from all parts of India take a holy dip once every 12 years during the Mahamaham festival in the Mahamaham tank.[25][51][58] An estimated 2 million pilgrims participated in the festival during the 2004 event. [29] Govinda Dikshitar constructed the sixteen mandapams (shrines) and stone steps around this tank.[58][60] Kumbakonam also has a number of mathas. The Sri Sankara matha of Kanchipuram was moved to Kumbakonam during the reign of Pratap Singh[21] (173963) and remained in Kumbakonam until the 1960s. There are also two Vellalarmathas in the nearby towns of Dharmapuram and Thiruppanandal[61] and a Raghavendra matha in Kumbakonam.[62] There is also a branch of the Vaishnava Ahobila mutt in Kumbakonam.[63] The Thenupuriswarar Temple at Patteeswaram, the Oppiliappan Kovil, the Swamimalai Murugan temple and the Airavateswarar temple at Darasuram are located in the vicinity of Kumbakonam.[64] The Airavatesvara Temple built byRajaraja Chola II (114673) during 12th century is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur, the Gangaikondacholisvaram Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram that are referred as the Great Living Chola Temples.[65]

[Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur; Temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram; and Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram] (1987, 2004), Tamil Nadu Date of Inscription: 1987; Extension: 2004

The celebrated Saiva temple at Thanjavur, appropriately called Brihadisvara and Daksinameru, is the grandest creation of the Chola emperor Rajaraja (AD 985-1012). It was inaugurated by the king himself in his 19th regnal year (AD 1009-10) and named it after himself as Rajesvara Peruvudaiyar. Architecturally, it is the most ambitious structural temple built of granite. It has been regarded as a landmark in the evolution of building art in south India and its vimana as a touchstone of Indian architecture as a whole. The temple is within a spacious inner prakara of 240.9 m long (east-west) and 122 m broad (north-south), with a gopura at the east and three other ordinary torana entrances one at each lateral sides and the third at rear. The prakara is surrounded by a double-storeyed malika with parivaralayas. The temple with its massive proportions and simplicity of design provided inspiration for future designs in constructions not only in south India but also in south-east Asia.

The sikhara, a cupolic dome, is octagonal and rests on a single block of granite, a square of 7.8 m weighing 80 tons. The majestic upapitha and adhishthana are common to all the axially placed entities like the ardha-maha and mukha-mandapas and linked to the main sanctum but approached through a north-south transept across the ardha-mandapa which is marked by lofty sopanas. The moulded plinth is extensively engraved with inscriptions by its royal builder who refers to his many endowments, pious acts and organisational events connected to the temple. The brihad-linga within the sanctum is 8.7 m high.

Life-size iconographic representations on the wall niches and inner passages include Durga, Lakshmi, Sarasvati and Bhikshatana, Virabhadra, Kalantaka, Natesa, Ardhanarisvara and Alingana forms of Siva. The mural paintings on the walls of the lower ambulatory inside are finest examples of Chola and later periods which depict the contemporaneous scenes with legendary ones. Sarfoji, a local Maratha ruler, rebuilt the Ganapati shrine. The celebrated Thanjavur School of paintings of the Nayakas is largely superimposed over the Chola murals. The temple is rich in iconography as well as inscriptions which provide an account of events showing achievements, financial arrangements, donations and bearing an impression of contemporary society.

Two great Chola Temples of the 11th and 12th centuries have been added to the 11th century Brihadisvara temple of Thanjavur, inscribed in 1987. The Great Living Chola Temples were built by kings of the Chola Empire, which stretched over all of South India and the neighbouring islands. The site now includes the three great 11th and 12th century Chola Temples: the Brihadisvara temple of Thanjavur, the Temple of Gangaikondacholapuram and the Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram. The Temple of Gangaikondacholapuram, built by Rajendra I, was completed in 1035. Its 53-m vimana (sanctum tower) has recessed corners and a graceful upward curving movement, contrasting with the straight and severe tower at Thanjavur. It has six pairs of massive, monolithic dvarapalas statues guarding the entrances and bronzes of remarkable beauty inside. The Airavatesvara temple complex at Darasuram, built by Rajaraja II, features a 24-m vimana and a stone image of Shiva. The temples testify to the Cholas brilliant achievements in architecture, sculpture, painting, and bronze casting. Ticket Rates: Admission is free. No fee for still photography/ videography with handheld cameras. For all other types of photography and videography, the Superintending Archaeologist, A.S.I ,Chennai Circle, Chennai-9 may be contacted (Ph. 044- 25670396/25670397) Hours of opening: 0630 hrs to 2030 hrs on all days Approach: Tanjavur is about 330 km from Chennai which is well connected by rail and road.

Brihadisvara temple,

Gangaikondacholapuram,

Dist.

Perambalur

Rajendra I (AD 1012-1044), the illustrious son of the great Chola king Rajaraja I (AD 985-1014) chose this location to build a new a great capital city for the Chola Empire most probably during the first quarter of 11th century in order to commemorate his conquest over northern territories. Nonetheless, he not only built a city, now in ruins and excavated partially but also a great temple for Siva. The Brihadisvara at Tanjavur had influenced this temple in many ways like the vast conception of the lay out and massive proportion of the elevation. The lay out the sanctum with its axial units, the Chandikesvara shrine, the cloister mandapa with the subsidiary shrines and a gopura is similar to Tanjavur. The location of two smaller shrines The South and North Kailasa (now the Amman shrine) are different. But the architect of this edifice has shown remarkable intelligence to correct some of the shortcomings in the design of the Brihadisvara at Tanjavur like the provision for erecting a wooden scaffolding in the masonry of the sanctum, the pleasing elevation by appropriately changing and placing the hara elements etc. The inscription recording accurately the donations to the God of the temple is missing here. In fact, there is no inscription of Rajendra himself. The earliest inscription is that of his son, but recording the donations of his father. The temple has sculptures of exceptional quality like the dancing Ganesa, Ardhanari, Dakshinamurthi, Harihara, Adavallan (Nataraja) (on south wall niches), Gangadhara, Lingodhbhava, Vishnu, Subrahmanya, Vishnu-anugrahmurthi (west wall), Kalanthakamurthi,Durga, Brahma, Bairava, Kamantaka (north wall). But the most outstanding sculptures are found in the niches by the side of the northern entrance steps to the sanctum. They are theChandesanugrahamurti and Sarasvati. The bronzes of Bhogasakti and Subrahmanya are masterpieces of Chola metal icons. The Saurapitha (Solar altar), the lotus altar with eight deities is considered auspicious. A British officer in 19th century considered this temple as the best source for stones for the construction of a weir across the river Kollidam and therefore ordered its demolition. But the temple was not demolished due to protest by the locals. Ticket Rates: Admission is free. No fee for still photography/ videography with handheld cameras. For all other types of photography and videography, the Superintending Archaeologist, A.S.I, Chennai Circle, Chennai-9 may be contacted (Ph. 044- 25670396/25670397) Hours of opening: 0630 hrs to 2030 hrs on all days. Approach: Gangaikondacholapuram is about 250 km from Chennai on the road to Kumbakonam. Kumbakonam is connected with Chennai by rail and road.

Airavatesvara temple,

Darasuram,

Dist.

Tanjavur

Built by the Chola king Rajaraja II (AD 1143-1173), this temple is a gem of Chola architecture. Though much smaller in size when compared to the Brihadisvara temple at Tanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram, this temple is different as it is highly ornate in execution. The temple consists of a sanctum without a circumambulatory path and axial mandapas. The front mandapaknown in the inscriptions as Rajagambhiran tirumandapam, is unique as it was conceptualised as a chariot with wheels. The pillars of this mandapa are highly ornate. The elevation of all the units is elegant with sculptures dominating the architecture. A number of sculptures from this temple like the full set of Bhikshatana with rishi patnis is various moods, are now preserved in the Tanjavur Art Gallery. They are the masterpieces of Chola art. Remaining ones like Nagaraja, Agastya, dancing Martanda Bhairava, Sarabhamurti, Ganesa etc., are equally gracious. The labelled miniature friezes extolling the events that happened to the 63 nayanmars (Saiva saints) are noteworthy and reflect the deep roots of Saivism in this region. In fact, the king made donation for the singing of hymns from Thevaram, the Saivite sacred book in Tamil, in this temple. The construction of a separate temple for Devi, slightly later than the main temple, indicates the emergence of Amman shrine as an essential component of the south Indian temple complex. Ticket Rates: Admission is free. No fee for still photography/ videography with handheld cameras. For all other types of photography and videography, the Superintending Archaeologist, A.S.I Chennai Circle, Chennai-9 may be contacted (Ph. 044- 25670396/25670397) Hours of opening: 0630 hrs to 2030 hrs on all days. Approach: Darasuram is a suburb of Kumbakonam and is about 290 km from Chennai. Kumbakonam is connected with Chennai by rail and road.

Pudukkottai Places of Interest

Adhanakkottai :
Historical importance : It is here a famous battle was waged. In 1780 and 1781 Hider Ali overran the Tamil country. After taking over Thanjavur he was entering the Tondaiman territory. The village could keep the invader at bay, thanks to the cunning strategy of an inhabitant of the village. Gandhara was an enterprising, widely travelled Brahmin. Being a linguist, he spoke to the leader of the army in Hindustani and invited the army for a grand feast arranged in its honour. The exhausted army readily agreed. During the feast and the repast, the Tondaiman army surrounded them and they had no other way except to retreat. But when the army returned after a few days the Pudukkottai army was well prepared. A man concealed himself in the hollow trunk of a tree and shot the commander of the Hider force. This contributed to the defeate of Hider Ali. The British were overjoyed. In the 18th century the Tondaiman ruler gave away the village to the Brahmins as Brahmadeyam. There exists an agraharam as a result. The travellers bungalow was built in 1833 for the use of the Collector of Thanjavur, who was, at the time, ex-officio political agent of the Pudukkottai State. The monuments : Siva and Sastha temples The presiding deity of the Siva temple is named Kulottungesvara after King Kulottunga Chozha who installed the lingam. Adhanakkottai finds mention in a partially defaced inscription on the walls of a ruined Sastha temple. This inscription refers to the village as Adan-oor-kottai, meaning the fort of Adans village. There is, however, no trace of a fort. The inscription also mentions a Siva temple built during the reign of Kulottunga III, a Mariamman temple and a temple for Ayyanar, none of which could be found today.

Aranthangi :
The second largest town in Pudukkottai district after the headquarters. Aranthangi was the most populor locality in the south of the Thanjavur district till it was added to Pudukkottai. The main centre of attraction is a ruined fort.

Avudaiyar Temple :
40 kms. from Pudukkottai. The Athmanathaswami temple situated here contains graceful life-size sculptures which are of absorbing interest. The car of this temple is renowned for its wood carvings. The temple is noted for zephyr (granite roof) work. The sanctum sanctorum is covered with copper plate and is similar to the Chidambaram Natarajar temple. Ph : 04371-233301.

Ayur :

28 kms. from Pudukkottai. The old chapel here was constructed in 1547 A.D. by Fr, John Venantius Bouchet and the new Roman Catholic Church was constructed in 1747 A.D. Tamil Scholar Rev. Father Joseph Beschi (Veerama Munivar) also served in this Church. The Easter Passion play followed by Car Festival, takes place in summer which attracts people of all faiths.

Government Museum :
Situated at Thirrukokarnam, the museum is at a distance of 5 kms. from Pudukkottai railway Station. The wide range of collections in the Sections of Geology, Zoology, Paintings. Anthropology, Epigraphy, Historical records, etc. are very interesting. The fine Sculptures and bronzes of various periods are the attractive items of the Museum. Timings 9 a.m to 5. p.m Entrance fee: Free. Holidays FridayPhone : 04322-236247.

Kaliyappatti :
Close to the village, Kaliyappatti, is a small but interesting Siva temple built entirely of well dressed granite blocks, belonging to 9th 10th century A.D. The temple is similar to that of the famous Muvar-koil of Kodumbalur. The temple is one among the earliest temples of the Chozha design, and plays an important role in the study of temple architecture in

Tamilnadu. Approach : Kaliyappatti is a small village near Kunnandarkoil. It is located in the KiranurKillukkottai route. There are only a few buses running in this route. Taxi service is available from Kiranur, Pudukkottai and Tiruchi.

Kattubava Pallivasal :

30 kms. from Pudukkottai. One of the Islamic centres, this is located on the ThirumayamMadurai Highway. Both Hindus and Muslims visit this place. Annual Urs takes place in the month of Rabiyul Ahir.

Kiranur :
A place that shows traces of occupation from very early times and has pre-historic burial sites. There is a 9th century AD Siva temple with many important inscriptions. It is an important Muslim centre. Presently a business centre and also an important junction in the Pudukkottai - Tiruchi road.

Approach : Kiranur lies on the Pudukkottai-Tiruchirappalli Road and 25 km away from Pudukkottai. It is the headquarters of the Kolattur Taluk.It is well connected with Tiruchirappalli, Pudukkottai, Karaikkudi with regular transport services.

Kizhanilai :
The place, Kizhanilai contains a dilapidated fort. From the days of the imperial Chozha-s and the Pandya-s upto the 19th century, Kizhanilai was an important military station. The name Kizhanilai means the eastern gate, as distinguished from the adjacent village called Mela-nilai. Between them is Pudhunilai. Approach : Kizhanilai is a village, 33 km from Pudukkottai. One can reach this place via Thirumayam and Kanadukaththaan.

Manamelkudi :
Manamelkudi is a village Panchayat in Avudaiyarkoil Taluk of Pudukkottai District with a population of 10072 as per 1991 census. It extended over an area of 1135.24 hect. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal and well connected by a major district, road leading form Aranthangi which is 43 kms. away and passing through the Taluk headquarters Avudaiyarkoil which is 32 kms. to the west.

Kodumbalur :
Kodumbalur is the site of some structural temples of great beauty. Their merit marks them out as among the most outstanding monuments in India. Two monuments alone are survived. They are the celebrated Muvar-koil and Muchu-kundesvara-koil. There are survivals of an Aivar-koil and of another Siva temple. It is Muvar-koil, which is the centre of attraction. These temples are considered to be the forerunners of the great Imperial chozha temples. Some important inscriptions are also found here.

Approach : Kodumbalur is located on Pudukkottai-Kudumiyamalai-Manapparai main road about 35 kilometres from Pudukkottai. And it lies 5 kilometres away from Tiruchi - Madurai highway. Bus facility is available from Viralimalai and Manapparai.

Kudumiyamalai :
Kudumiyamalai is an important site in the district famous for a few old temples of considerable beauty as well as archaeological interest. It is one of the oldest historic townships in the tract. The township was called as Thiru-nalak-kunram in earlier inscriptions and Sikhanallur in later ones. The village had extended all around a hillock, at the foot of which, on the east, is the famous Kudumiyamalai temple complex. On and near a hillock there are four temples including a fine cave temple and a very large Siva temple, called Sikhanathasvami-koil, containing exquisite sculptures. The musical inscription found on a face of the cave-temple is important in the musical history of India. There are nearly a hundred and twenty inscriptions in Kudumiyamalai. Approach : Kudumiyamalai is located on Pudukkottai-Kodumbalur-Manapparai road about 20 Kilometers from Pudukkottai. Following the road off the main road one reaches the foothills of the hillock where the temple complex is situated. Town Bus facility is available from Pudukkottai.

Kumaramalai :
It is 10 kms from Pudukkottai. A top a small mount is a Murugan temple. The tank water of the mount is considered to be holy.

Kunnandarkovil :
The monument - cave temple Kunnandarkoil, referred to in inscriptions as Thiruk-kunrakkudi, has a rock cut temple, which may be assigned to the time of Nandi-varman II Pallavamalla (710-775 AD). In the course of the centuries, it developed, with structural additions, into a big complex. In plan it is similar to the Gokarnesvara temple at Thirugokarnam. It is a fascinating monument to study. Its main artistic gifts are a hundred and one pillared ratha mandapam, and two splendid portrait sculptures doing duty as dvara-palaka-s before the main shrine. The temple has some fine bronzes also.

Narthamalai

1. This cave temple is also called Padhinen-bhumi Vinnagaram. Padinen refers to the eighteen regions. Vinnagaram means temple for Vishnu. 2. Perhaps, it was originally a Jaina cave in the 7th century AD, but converted into a Vishnu shrine in 12th or 13th century AD. The date of this conversion is still under debate. 3. After this conversion it came to be called as Thirumer-koil or Merrali and Padhinenbhumi Vinnagaram. Presently it looks like a Vaishanavite shrine. 4. It consists of a rectangular garbha-griham and an ardha-mandapam in front, both excavated from the living rock. Presently the garbha-griham is empty, except for a broken stone pitham. This pitham is also carved out of the living rock. 5. The ardha-mandapam has two massive pillars and two pilasters in the front, also carved out of the rock. It houses twelve identical but wonderful relief sculptures of Vishnu on the walls. 6. The twelve figures perhaps represent those of the twelve common names of Vishnu Kesava, Narayana, Madhava, Govinda, Trivikrama, Vamana, Achyuta, Sridhara, Padmanabha, Damodara, Vasudeva and Madhu-sudhana. 7. In front of this cave temple is a stone plinth of the maha-mandapam. Judging from the remains, this mandapam must have been a closed one supported by square pillars, with walls ornamented with pilasters crowned with capitals. 8. There are a number of loose sculptures broken parts sculptures kept on this plinth

and also inside the ardha-mandapam. Those on the plinth include two dvara-palakas, a Sapta-matrika group and an Ayyanar. Those inside the ardha-mandapam include two Ganesa-s. All these sculptures are excavated in and around Narthamalai.

Madattukoil :
The deserted Siva Temple is a beautiful ruin. Known by the name Madattukoil the site contains remnants of an old (probably Chozha) outer Prakaram in dark Granite, enclosing a younger (most probably Vijayanagara) structure in pink gneiss. The architecture and sculptures exhibit consummate artistic skill and delicacy. Approach : Thirty-eight kilometres from Pudukkottai and close to Marudhampatti village. The deviation at Kolattur on Pudukkottai-Tiruchirappalli Highway leads to Pakkudi village via Madattukoil.

Malayadippatti :
In Malayadippatti, there are two cave temples hewn out of same rock, similar to that of Thirumayam. The bas-relief sculpture of Mahishasura-mardini in the Siva shrine is very impressive. The Sapta-matrika frieze here will interest iconographers. Practitioners of Kundalini yoga may also find it worth studying this group of sculpture for it is an authentic 1200-year old composition. There are paintings on the walls, ceiling and sculptures in the Vishnu shrine. Also there are some prehistoric burial sites near to Malayadippatti village. Approach : Malayadippatti is a small village in the northern half of the Pudukkottai district. In the early inscriptions the place was called Thiru-valattur-malai. It is 40 km away from Pudukkottai, in the KillukkottaiKiranur route, 3 km away from Killukkottai and 20 km from Kiranur. One can reach this place by taking the diversion either from Adhanakkottai on the Thanjavur-Pudukkottai road or from Kiranur on the Tiruchirappalli-Pudukkottai National highway. Town Bus facility is available from Kiranur and Killukkottai.

Muchukundesvara Temple :
Situated to the north of Muvarkoil, this temple was built by Mahimalaya Irukkuvel in early tenth century A.D. The presiding deity is referred to as Tiru. Mudukunram Udaiyar in the inscription. The temple originally consisted of a garbhagriha (sanctum, 4.11m square) and an ardha-mandapa, all facing all east. The adhishthana has plain mouldings and has a bhutagana frieze below the cornic and a yali freize above it. The closed maha-mandapa and the Amman shrine are later additions. Only four of the original eight sub-shrines are found intact-one is empty and the other three are dedicated to Subramanya, Chandesvara and Bhairava.

Peraiyur :
Peraiyur, a palmyra-shaded fertile village contains a temple of great renown. The Naganatha-swami temple is well known for Naga worship, and barren women have been making pilgrimage to this village for centuries and install stone image of Naga-s. The stone images installed over the centuries now accumulated to give a breathtaking site. Peraiyur is on the south bank of the Vellaru. Hand-fans fashioned out of Palmyra fronds are an important product of this place. Men of the Isai-vellala or Melakarar community in the village make these hand-fans. Approach : Peraiyur is about 15 km from Pudukkottai, which is just three kilometers from the Pudukkottai-Kuzhipirai-Ponnamaravathi bus route. Regular bus services and taxi facility is available from Pudukkottai.

Sri Kokarneswarar Temple :

The rock-cut cave Temple of Sri Kokarneswarar Brahadambal at Thirukokarnam is of Mahendraverma Pallavas period. Ph : 04322-236195.

Thirumayam :
19 kms. from Pudukkottai. The Fort, the Siva and Vishnu temples are the tourist attractions. The Fort played an important role in the history of Tondaiman rulers of Pudukkottai and the British. The erection of this 40 acrewide Fort in 1687 A.D. is attributed to Sethupathi Vijaya Ragunatha Thevar, the Sethupathi of Ramanathapuram. On the hill there is a Rock Cut Siva temple with Music inscription and the relics of a Fort. At the foot of the hill Vishnu and Siva Shrines are found. The Vishnu temple is one of the most complete and the largest Anantasayi groups in India. It is a natural Cavern which has been changed into a shrine.

Sittannavasal

1. Sittannavasal (sith-than-na-vaa-sal) is the best-known archeological site in

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pudukkottai. It is famous for its cave paintings, which are second only in importance after Ajanta paintings in the art history of India. It is perhaps the only place where you can find inscriptions in Tamil from the 3rd century BC to the 13th century AD. Also there are megalithic monuments such as stone-circles, urn and cists burials spread in the plains around the hill. Sittannavasal is a corruption of Sit-tan-na-va-yil, which means the abode of great saints. Approach : Sittannavasal is located on Pudukkottai-Annavasal-Viralimalai main road about 16 Kilometers from Pudukkottai. The village lies to the right of the road from Pudukkottai to Annavasal. An arch put up by the Government welcomes the visitors. On the main road before one takes a turn to enter Sittannavasal and on the roads leading to the monuments, there are remains of prehistoric burial sites. Most of the monuments of this place are in and around a hill, which runs along the north-south direction. The hill itself is not very tall, reaching to about 70 meters. Following this road off main road one reaches the foothills of the hillock at which the road takes a left turn. It is from here one starts the climb to the Jain caverns, called Ezhadippattam. The cavern contains a number of stone beds and inscriptions. Further traveling on the road would take you to the western slope of the central hillock. From here one makes a short climb of some steps to reach the Jain cave temple, and its world famous mural paintings. Town Bus and taxi services are available from Pudukkottai.

Thirukkattalai :
The Siva temple is a good specimen of early chozha architecture of the second half of the 9th century. This is a parivara complex type with sub-shrines around the main shrine. The inscriptions in the temple help to understand the history of the temple. Approach : Thirukkattalai is about 15 kilometers from Pudukkottai town. Taxi service and Town bus services is available from Pudukkottai.

Thiruvarangulam :
A big temple, which has been expanded down the ages, dedicated to Hara-tirthesvara and Brahadambal. The main shrine dates back to 12th century. A Nataraja bronze of superlative quality from this temple is now on display at the National Museum, New Delhi. This temple of Hara-tirthesvara and is held in high veneration by devotees far and near. There are a number of inscriptions here. There are a few mythological stories associated with this temple. Approach : Thiruvarangulam is about 15 kilometers from Pudukkottai, which is well connected with Pudukkottai, Alangudi, Pattukkottai, Peravurani and Karambakkudi by frequent bus services. Taxi facilities is available from Pudukkottai, Pattukkottai and Peravurani.

Thiruvengaivasal :
Thiruvengaivasal (Sacred place of gate of the Tiger) is a well -known and ancient place of worship. Mythologically linked to Gokarnesvara temple of Thirugokarnam, the temple has both Chozha and Pandya styled structures. The sculptures of Gnana Dakshina-moorthi and Yoga Dakshina-moorthi are of iconographic interest. There are a number of important inscriptions here. Approach : Thiruvengaivasal is about 10 kilometers from Pudukkottai town and 2

kilometers from Pudukkottai-Tiruchirappalli highway.

Vendanpatti :
40 kms. from Pudukkottai via Ponnamaravathi. The Nandi known as Nei Nandi in the Arulmighu Meenakshi Chokkeswarar Temple is very well known. Though made of black granite, it now shines like marble due to frequent abishekam with pure ghee. Another interesting feature is the absence of flies and ants inspite of the Nandi being showered with pure ghee every day. A large number of devotees flock daily to this temple.

VIRALIMALAI
1. According to the tradition, the temple owes its origin to Jnana Varodaya, who belonged to Vayalur, ten km west of Tiruchi. 2. He induced a Perambur chief, Azhagiya-manavaalan, to build it. This was in the 15th century. In later times, other chiefs expanded the temple.

3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

9.

Arunagiri, the great saint who is believed to have lived in the middle of the 15th century, visited Viralimalai and sang in praise of the God here, expressing some of his mystic experiences. The deity presiding over this temple is offered by way of neyvedhya every evening at the days last puja, the most curious of objects: a country cigar (suruttu kalanji). The Temple Architecture: The ascent to the top of the hill is made by a series of flights commencing at an entrance close to the vahana-mandapam. To the north of the first landing, about half-way up, there is a natural cavern in which there is now a shrine containing a lingam, an Amman, Ganesa, etc. At the top is mandapam, from which one enters the main gopuram facing south. More steps lead to the northern prakaram. The idol of Sri Subrahmanya has six faces and twelve hands. The God is seated on a peacock, with the two Amman-s, Valli and Devasena, standing on either side. The mandapam-s are of the Madurai style, and the one on the extreme east affords a panoramic view of the country round as far as the Tiruchirappalli rock. Some panels containing dancing figures in bas-relief, evidently belonging to a ruined early Chozha temple at Kodumbalur, have been built into the walls of the northern prakaram. The two lion-pillars in the vahana-mandapam at the foot of the hill are of the Pallava type, and probably belonged to the Ainthali or Aivar-koil at Kodumbalur.

Viralimalai :
The hill crowned with famous Subrahmanya Temple, which is a prominent landmark for miles, presents a great show of beautifully banded granite gneiss. There is a famous peacock sanctuary.

Approach : Viralimalai is situated at the Trichy-Madurai Highway and its about 25 km from Trichy. From Pudukkottai, Viralimalai is about 40 km and can be reached via Eluppuron Manapparai road.

Vishnu Temple in Thirumayam :

The Sathya-moorthi temple is a highly venerated shrine and is regarded by local Vaishnavites to be second in sanctity only to the temple at Srirangam. It is called Adhirangam (original-Rangam) and is claimed to be older than the temple at Srirangam. Actually there are two Vishnu shrines. One is the cave temple and contains one of the most complete and the largest Anantha-sayi groups in India, conforming, almost to the detail, to agamic specifications of Anantha-sayi. The other is a structural temple in which Vishnu is worshipped in the form of Sathya-moorthi. The rock-cut shrine is a natural cavern modified and enlarged into a cave temple with the tall facade pillars inserted. It may be ascribed to a date not latter than the first half of the 8th century. The fact that the celebrated Vaishnava saint, Thiru-mangai-azhvar, sang hymns in praise of the deity at Thirumayam Vishnu temple has enhanced its sanctity.

MUDUMAKKAL THAZHI
Size of the pot does matter... In ancient civilization in parts of Tamilnadu... Dead people are kept in these kind of pots along with some food, garments and sealed and buried... In tamil its known as MUDUMAKKAL THALZHI In the recent past, Archalelogy team has found the remains these kind pots in various historical sites in Tamilnadu...

Kanyakumari Places of Interest

Bay Watch, The Sun City :

It is water theme amusement park, which is located at a distance of 2 kms on Kanyakumari Kovalam Road. It is very near to the bus stand. This park has been promoted by Sree Bhadra Parks and Resorts Ltd. Thrissur, Kerala. Crazy chairs, Flying Elephants, Hotel tea cups, Cape train, Multiple spalsh, Milky way, Crazy cruise, Aqua shuttle, Family pool, Wave pool, Sky train etc. are there. It is open from 10 a.m. to 7.30 p.m. Entrance fee Rs. 240/- for adults, Rs. 180/for Children. Rs. 120 for senior citizen. Ph : 04652-246563, 246565.

Di

Chidam

Chenna

Coimba

Cuddalo

Dharma

Chitaral (Jain Monument) :

45 kms Kanniyakumari. The hillock here has a huge cave containing rock-out sculptures of Tirthankaras and the attendant deities, both inside and outside. The interesting point to note about Chitaral is that the cave was converted into a Bhagavathi temple sometime in the 13th century A.D., but the Jaina images seem to have been preserved without any modifications.

Dindug Erode Hosur

Kanchip

Gandhi Memorial :
1 km from the Bus stand. This memorial for Mahatma Gandhi, has been built on the spot where the urn containing his ashes was kept for the public to pay their last respects, before immersing at the confluence of the three seas. The suns rays fall on memorial through a narrow orifice exactly on the spot where the ashes were kept, only once a year on October 2nd (Mahatmas birthday).

Kodaika

Karaiku

Kumbak

Madura

Nagapa

Pondich Palani

Pudukk

Rajapal

Ramesw Salem

Thenka

Thanjav

THIRUVALLUVAR STATUE:
1. The statue, standing amid the dancing blue waves, creates a lasting impression as it rises high over the rock. 2. The foundation stone for the statue was laid in 1979 by the then Prime Minister, Morarji Desai. 3. Five hundred sculptors were engaged for this work under the able guidance of Dr. Ganapathi Sthapati and the work was completed in 1999. The statue was inaugurated on 1st January 2000 by Dr. M.Karunanidhi, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The rocks for the sculpture came from Sirudhamoor, Pattumali-kuppam and Ambhasamudram Hills. 4. The monument, installed at a cost of Rs. 6.14 crores is 133 feet high including the pedestal, signifying the 133 chapters of the Thirukkural. The pedestal is 38 ft high representing the 38 chapters in the first part of the Kural (the Book of Aram (virtue) and the 95 ft statue represents the total chapters in the second and third parts of the Kural, Wealth and Love. 5. Thus the statue symbolises the themes of wealth and love based on virtue. The right hand of Thiruvalluvar with three fingers pointing skywards, also signifies the three cantos of Thirukkural - Aram, Porul and Inbam. 6. The pedestal is surrounded by an artistic mandapam known as alankara mandapam. Surrounding this mandapam stand statues of ten elephants signifying 8 directions with earth and space down. 7. 140 steps are constructed inside the mandapam to enable the visitors to climb upto the foot of the statue. 8. There were plans to inscribe select couplets from Thirukkural on the outer periphery of the pedestal. 9. The statue is just 400 metres away from the shores and ferry service is available. 10. Contact : Ph : 04652-246276

Government Museum :
1 km from the Bus stand and situated on the Gandhi Memorial Road with collection of sculptured artifacts and crafts of South Indi an temples is one of the must see places are here. Time : Opened from 9.30 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. on all days except Fridays, 2nd Saturdays and National holidays.

Government Fruit Farm :

It is 2 KM from Kanyakumari on the Nagercoil road. Variety of fruits, hundreds of plants, different species of trees etc., can be seen. Visiting Hours: 09:00 A.M. to 11:00 A.M. and 01:00 P.M. to 03:00 P.M. Holiday: Saturday, Sunday and all Govt. Holidays.

Guganathaswamy Temple :
1 km from the Bus stand. It have been built by the king Raja Raja Chola. The architectural style of the Cholas is quite apparent in this temple. It is located near railway station. 6 am. to 11:15 & 5 p.m. to 8:45 p.m..

Historic Thiruvithamcode Church (Arappally) St. Thomas Pilgrim Centre.

The historic Thiruvithamcode Church was built by St. Thomas, the Apostle of India in 63 AD in the name of the Holy Mother St. Mary. This is believed to be one of the oldest church structures in the world. The church, known among local people as Thomayar kovil is believed to be one of the oldest in the world. Once upon a time this place of worship was the epicentre of a community of Malankara Christians, or St. Thomas Christians. Over a period of time, there was a large-scale migration of the community to central Travancore. The church remains with the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I proclaimed the church as an international St. Thomas pilgrim centre on December 16, 2007. Located : Thiruvithamcode is 2 km southeast of Thuckalay. Thuckalay is 35 Km from Kanyakumari and 15 Km from Nagercoil & situated on the Kanyakumari Thiruvananthapuram Highway. Contact : St. Marys Orthodox Syrian Chur, thiruvithamcode, Kanyakumari Dist. 629174, Ph : 04651-250219.

Kamaraj Memorial :
Located 1 km from the Bus stand. Regarded as the King Maker of India Kamaraj influenced many political event in the country. From a humble background he rose to become the Chief Minister of Tamilnadu through sheer hard work and political acumen. As a tribute to the freedom fighter and Perunthalaivar, this Mani Mandapam was opened on 02 -10-2000. It is situated near Gandhi Memorial, Opens at 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Kumari Amman Temple :

2 km from Railway station. This temple and the nearby bathing Ghat attract tourists from all over the world. According to a legends, Devi did penance here to secure Lord Sivas hand in marriage. When she was unsuccessful, she vowed to remain a virgin (Kanya). The Diamond nose-ring of this deity is famous for its sparkling splendour which is supposed to be visible even from the sea. Ph : 04652-246223.

Kumari Hall of History :

We can see here its wonderful treasure of manscript and photo art galleries of our leading personalities and freedom fighters. It is located near the Kanniyakumari Railway Station. 1 km from the Bus Stand. Visit 9.30 am - 9 pm Entry fee for students Rs. 10 only. Ph : 04652-248448, Chennai office Ph : 28474588.

Keralapuram :
3 km from Tiruvithangod Bus stand. The vinayaka of Keralapuram, near Thukalay, is a puzzle to everyone, as the deity changes its color. It remains black for six months and white

for the remaining six months.

Mathur Hanging Bridge :

This bridge has become a place of tourist importance and hundreds of tourists visit this place. This is situated in Mathur, hamlet of Aruvikkarai revenue village in Thiruvattar Panchayat Union. The bridge has been constructed at Mathur across the river Parazhiyar at a cost of Rs.12.90 lakhs and the trough canal (Pattanamkal canal) on the bridge carries water for irrigation from one side of a hill to the other side of a hill. The trough has a height of seven feet with a width of seven feet six inches. The canal is being shouldered by 28 huge pillars. By the unrelented efforts of late Thiru. K.Kamaraj, the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, this canal was constructed as a drought relief measure and for the development of agriculture in Vilavancode and Kalkulam Taluks. The District Administration has recently put up a staircase from top to the bottom of the bridge and also built a children's park and bathing platforms over here.

Maruthuva Malai :

10 km from Nagercoil Bus stand. Maruthuva Malai also known as the Marunthu Vazhum Malai-the abode of medicinal herbs, forms part of the western ghats. According to tradition, the Maruthuva Malai is a fragment of the Sanjeevi Mountain, a piece of which fell down here, and it was carried by Hanuman from Mahendragiri to Srilanka for healing the fatal wounds of Lakshmana, the brother of Rama, the epic hero. Its height of 800 feet at the highest point.

Mukkudal :
This is a natural dam constructed by T. Chitirai Maharaja. It supplies water to Nagercoil Municipality and it is also proposed to feed water from here to Suchindram and Kanyakumari. It is very picturesque spot and ideal for picnics by groups.

Muttam :

18 km from Nagercoil. Another fine beach located about 40kms from Kanyakumari. The picturesque setting here with the lighthouse, is a perfect spot for relaxation.

Murugan Kundram :
3 Kms from Kanniyakumari. It is a place where calm abides and peace regins, all under August aegis of Sun and the Moon. A fine day to visit this place is on Chithra Pournami- a full moon day in the month of April. Muttam : Another fine beach located about 40kms from Kanyakumari. The picturesque setting here with the lighthouse, is a perfect spot for relaxation.

Sri Bhagavathi Amman Temple,

Mandaikadu :
The temple is built after the Kerala tradition in a very simple style. The roof of the temple has orange colour tiles, an anthill touching the roof. At the upper end is the face of Goddess Bhagavathi. People cook a pudding here with rice flour, sugar, jaggery called Mandaiappam and offer it to the Goddess for relief from headache and none is disappointed, it is widely said. Devotees aspiring for marriage alliance to be concluded and children visit the temple for fulfillment of their expectations. Those suffering from severe headache and effects evil impacts and the handicapped pray to Bhagavathi Amman for reliefs.

Festivals: 10 days Masi festival (March-April) draws a huge crowd numbering 10 lakh. On Poornima day too. The crowd would be huge during the Tuesdays and Fridays of the Tamil month. Mandaikadu is 75 Kms from Thiruvananthapuram and 95 from Tirunelveli. There is facility in the temple for staying. Ph : 04652-246223.

Padmanabhapuram Palace :

Located on the highway to Nagercoil to Kanyakumari. 37 Kms from Kanyakumari. 60 km from Tiruvananthapuram, was once the home of the Royal family of Travancore. There is a palace inside the fort which covers an area of 6 acres. It is one of the biggest palaces in India with intricate carvings and beautiful woodwork. Travancore, which was a princely state for over 400 years, included a large part of present-day Kerala and the western part of Tamil Nadu. Though the palace is now in the State of Tamil Nadu, it was once the traditional home of the royal family of Travancore, so it is maintained by the Government of Kerala. The palace is one of the best examples of the traditional wooden architecture of Kerala. The Palace is famous for its 17th and 18th century murals, carved mahogany ceiling, coloured mica windows, secret underground passages, inner courtyards, museum, four poster medicinal bed, Belgian mirror, pictures of Lord Krishna, granite dance halls and special black shiny floors which are made from a unique combination of egg white, jaggery, lime, burnt coconut, charcoal and river sand. Ph : 04651-250255.

Pechiparai Dam :
56 Kms from Nagercoil .The dam site is a very good picnic spot and it is situated at a distance. Boating facility is available here.

Peer Mohammed Dargha :

1 km from Thuckalay Bus Stand. There is a Dargha named Peer Mohammed Oliyullah Dargha at Thuckalay named after the great philosopher Mohamed Appa, who was born in Tenkasi of Tirunelveli District. After spending sometime in spiritual pursuits in Peermedu of Kerala State he came and stayed at Thuckalay. Being a Tamil poet of great eminence, he wrote many books on philosophy.

Saikuthambi Pavalar Memorial :

He was born on 31-07-1874. He was having good knowledge of tamil grammar and literature. In 10th March 1907 he performed Sathavathana Programme in the presence of Tamil Scholars and got appreciation. He took part in the Independence struggle. He died on 13-12-1950. As a mark of respect his memorial was opened on 26-09-1987. His memorial is located in Idlakkudi Kottar Post, Nagercoil.

Sanguthurai Beach :
Sanguthurai is a beautiful beach resort and is very convenient for the local population of Nagercoil. It is only about 10 kms from the city. Unfortunately no infrastructure facilities were available in this beach. The district administration has now sanctioned a project for putting up of a children's park, seating facility, open huts (Kudils) with Terracotta roofs and

lighting facility at the beach at a cost of Rs.6.00 lakhs. The entire work has been completed. It is also proposed to put up a few shops for Women Self Help Groups at the site, which can provide eatables to the on coming tourists at the beach side.

Shothavilai Beach :

It is about 10 Kms from Kanyakumari, is one of the best natural beaches of the district. The beach has shallow water and High sand dunes on the back ground. The District Administration has through its own funds and through the funds of MPLAD scheme, put up rest shelters, kudils and a view tower over here for the benefit of tourists. The tourists can reach the beach through the newly laid coastal road which is a very beautiful drive along the sea-coast.

St. Bernadet Church - Kottar

Native of France St. Bernadet was born at this city of Lourdh; poor family. She had strong faith in Good she dedicated herself to the noble cause-service to the poor she breathed her last at the age of 35 years.She was honoured only in 1933 with saint In the same year a

church was erected in honour of the Bernadet in Mangala kuntru parish in kottan District.Every Thursday special prayers are offered. Devotees irrespective of cast and religion throng here.Location : 35 km from Nagercoil; 45 km from Kanyakumari; 115 km from Tirunelveli. Time of Prayer : Monday to Saturday 6 A.M Sunday 8.30. A.M Thursday 5.00.P.M.Special Prayer Festival :In the first Friday of May 10 days festival starts.

St. Xavier Church :

St.Xavier an outstanding and dedicated priest visited the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu from Goa, he never missed the opportunity of visiting Kottar in Kanyakumari district which was a celebrated commercial centre at that time. During his stay at Kottar, he used to worship St. Mary in the small temple. He was popularly known as Valiya Pandaram among the people of Kottar. While he was at Kottar, he averted the invasion of Padagas on the people of Venad which was appreciated by the king, who became closer to the Priest. In recognition of Xaviers services, the king allotted a land to him for the purpose of constructing a catholic church at Kottar. The church records show that the church was built in the year 1600 A.D. In the year 1865, the Church was enlarged and the shrine of our lady was also renovated and vaulted over. In 1930, the church was raised to the status of a Cathedral.In 1955, the church was further extended and the chapel of Our Lady was incorporated into the enlarged church. Ph : 04652-2242010.

Suchindram :

The Thanumalayan Temple here is a repository of art treasures. Musical pillars and huge 18 feet Hanuman Statue are the proof of the artistic skill of the time. This unique temple is dedicated to the Trimurthys Vishnu, Siva and Brahma. Two chief attractions are the gigantic Hanuman and Vinayaki (Female Vinayaka) relief carving. Ph : 04652-241421.

Sunrise and Sunset :

Sunrise can be seen in Kanyakumari through out the year at Bay of Bengal. Sunset can be seen from view tower through out the year except the months of June, July and August.

Swami Vivekananda Rock Memorial :

This grand memorial to the great Indian Philosopher Swami Vivekananda is on one of the twin rocks jutting out from the sea about 200 meters offshore. There is a Dhyana Mandapam where one can sit in a serene atmosphere and meditate. Ferry services are available to reach the memorial. Ph : 04652-246201.

Thekkurichi Beach :
Thekkurichi, a tiny village with calm seashore lies near the west coast Road. Calm Sea shore with shady casuarina trees create a spell-bounding atmosphere.

Thengapattinam Beach:
It issituated on the west coast near Painkulam village in Vilavancode taluk is having a fine beach adorned with coconut groves. This village had in ancient times, trade relations with foreign countries like Arabia. Thengapattinam is having the estuary of the lovely river Thamiraparani with its non-salty water entering the sea. The river back waters are surrounded by charming dense coconut groves. Boat riding on the river backwaters is really an enjoyable one. It is 35 kms from Nagercoil and 54 kms from Kanniyakumari.

Thirparappu Water Falls :

Thirparappu means a pavilion of beauty and sacredness. The panoramic view of the shrine with green hills and the Perennial river Kodayur, running in front of the shrine, is really fascinating and attractive. The sparkling waterfall is a rich feast for the eyes. A bath is most refreshing. 70 kms from Kanyakumari.

Thiruvattar :
Thiruvattar is located at a distance of 70-km from Kanyakumari. The temple here is one of the finest specimens of temple art and architecture. The paintings on the walls of the temple are worth seeing.

Vallimalai Temple:
This rock cut hill temple is built on top of a small hill accessed through a flight of 300 steps. Much of the temple

is within a cave. The cave temple is in three levels successively increasing in elevation. There also shrines to Vinayakar and Kasi Viswanathar here.

Vattakottai Fort :
It is a seaside fort near Kanyakumari, the southern tip of India. It was built in the 18th century as a coastal defence-fortification and barracks in the erstwhile Travancore kingdom. It was constructed under the supervision of Captain Eustachius De Lannoy, an ex-Dutch naval officer of the VOC, who became commander of the Travancore army (the very army that defeated him in the Battle of Colachel) in the 18th century, after he earned the trust of the Travancore King Marthanda Varma. De Lannoy constructed Vattakottai, as part of the defence-fortifications he undertook throughout Travancore. The fort is made of granite blocks and, today, a part of the fort extends into the sea. It is a protected site under the Indian archaeological department. A major renovation of the fort was undertaken recently by the department, and the site is now a popular tourist spot. Vattakottai Fort commands a picturesque view of both the sea on the one side, and the hills (Western Ghats) on the other. Another interesting feature near the site is a beach of black sands. It is about 7 km from Kanyakumari town.

View tower and Telescope house :

Panoramic view of the landscape, sea shore, Vivekananda rock memorial, Thiruvalluvar statue etc., can be seen at view tower and through telescope. Visit : 5 am to 7 pm Entry fee: Rs.3/- for adults and Rs.2/- for children.

Velu Thambi Dalawah Memorial :

It is 30 Km from Kanyakumari. This place is historically important since it is the birth place of the great revolutionary Velu Thamby Dalawah, the Diwan of Travancore who rose against British. His ancient home at Thalakulam village was once destroyed by the British. His personal belongings and the weapons used by him in war against British are kept here.

Ulakkai Aruvi :
Ulakkai Aruvi is a natural waterfall situated in Azhagiapandipuram village of Thovalai Taluk. Water is available in this water fall in the summer season. Many tourists come here for bathing and to enjoy the nature. The pathway to this waterfall lies in the Reserve Forest.

Wandering Monk Exhibition :

Located at 1 km from the bus stand. Terracotta designs depicting incidents of Swamiji's wanderings and pictures of various places visited by Swamiji are exhibited here. The building is designed on the spiritual architecture of the Orient. The formation of the building represents the Meru of Sri Chakra and expresses the flame of fire raging within the monk which helped him to enlighten the world.

Udayagiri Fort :
Built during the regime of King Marthanda Varma (1729-1758 A.D) this fort had a foundry for casting guns. In 1741, King Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch at Colachel. De Lennoy was taken as one of the 24 European prisioners but soon became a trusted General of the King. Later trained the Kings soldiers in the European method of warfare. Tourists can visit this fort during daytime. 34 kms from Kanniyakumari.

Wax Museum :
Indias first wax museum at Baywatch Water Theme park. The museum, modeled on the lines of Madame Tussauds in London, is as part of an attempt to attract national and international tourist to park. The parks entry fee of Rs.200 per head would cover a visit to the wax museum, but a fee of Rs.50 would be charged for a visit to the museum alone.

Keeriparai :
For nature-lovers and adventurers pristine and beautiful, places like Keeriparai havent been publicized

much by the Forest Department for various reasons - Keeriparai hills (30 km from Nagercoil) and the nearby Kalikesam are good picnic spots - one can enjoy water rushing through small mountain streams - with pebbles and ferns all around. There are also a few small waterfalls in this area - the popular one being Vattaparai Falls. Maramalai, which is further up in the hills of Keeriparai is famous for Wild elephants.

Vivekanandapuram :
It is the headquarters of the Vivekananda Kendra, situated 1 km from Kanyakumari. There is an imposing statue of Swamy Vivekananda as a wandering monk and a unique pictorial exhibition.

Other Importance of Kanyakumari

The statue of Jesues Christ brought from England :
The Saints Church built in 1924 at Muttam is an old Church. A flag post of 75 feet height carved of stone is a notable thing here. Now it has follow down due to heavy storm. The altar (peedam) in the middle of the church has been carved out of wood. We can witness everywhere the beautiful artistic works. There is a statue of Mother Mary with Infant Jesus in her hands inside the temple, it was brought from Londan by ship and consecrated.

Colour changing Ganapathy :

Lord Vinayaga in Keralapuram Mahadevar Temple near Thakkalai is an wonderful deity. During Dhakshanyana he appears white in colour and during Udhrayana black in colour. The statue was made of moon-stone.

Ulakkai Falls :
Near Alagia Pandiapuram we can see beautiful Ulakkai Falls. If we see the falls at a distance it looks like a pestle falling down. So it is called in Tamil as Ulakkai Aruvi.

The first Christian Church in Tamilnadu :

The church at Thiruvithankode in Kanyakumari district is the first christian church. Saint Thomas was one of the Jesus 12 disciples. First he stepped down at Kodungallur; on the way to Mylapore in Chennai he would have passed throught this place. This is the church erected by him at that time.

Temple built by the prisoners :

Home church in the heart of the city Nagercoil has been built by the prisoners. Black stones only were used for the building work. In order to bring the log of woods and stones the

elephant belonged to Nagaraja temple was used with the permission of Her highness the queen of Travancore.

Kovalam of Kanyakumari :
Kovalam is a small coastal village situated in the Kanyakkumar beach line. The natural beauty with tall coconut trees, ever green sceneries, the sea with tides, sandy beach and calm atmosphere attract the tourists from far and near.

Madurai Places of Interest

Meenakshi Amman Temple

1. The Meenakshi temple is the citys main attraction. A perfect example of Dravidian architecture. Dedicated to Meenakshi, the lovely consort of Lord Shiva, the original temple was built by Kulasekara Pandya, but the entire credit for making the temple as splendid as it is today goes to the Nayaks. 2. The Nayaks ruled Madurai from the 16th to the 18th century and left a majestic imprint of their rule in the Meenakshi - Sundareswarar Temple. 3. It is also one of the greatest Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu. 4. Framework & Architecture: There are 12 temple towers (Gopurams). The temple complex covers 6 hectares right in the middle of the city and is flush with visitors from all over, each and every day. 5. The towers that loom overhead are famous for detailed carvings of the gods and goddesses, mythological figures and running depictions of legendary tales. 6. The Temple Museum is at the Thousand Pillared Hall where each of the 985 pillars are carved in great detail. 7. All of the towers are currently draped in scaffolding and opaque coverings obscuring the sculptures at least until the end of 2009. 8. Located : 1 km from Railway station & Periar Bus stand. 6 km from Mattuthavani Bus stand. 3 km from Arappalayam Bus stand.

9. Timing : 5am to 12.30pm and 4pm to 10pm. 10. Contact : Ph : 0452-2344360.

Alagarkoil :

21 km from Periar Bus Stand. 15 km from Mattu Thavani Bus Stand. 18 km from Arappalayam Bus Stand. A celebrated Vishnu Temple dedicated to Lord Alagar. The temple is situated on a hill amidst panoramic surroundings. The shrine is known as Alagarkoil and the hill, Solaimalai. The temple also contains some beautiful carvings and makes the visit rewarding. Pazhamudhirsolai, one of the six abodes of Lord Subramanya is located a top the hill. Ph : 0452-2470228.

Athisayam Theme park :

A water Theme Park situated at Madurai - Dindigul Road at PARAVAI, matter of 15 kms from Madurai. Entrance Fee : Rs.300 for Adults and for Children Rs.200. Contact : 04522463848-51.

Gandhi Museum :

Located 3 km from Periyar Bus stand. 4 km from Mattu Thavani Bus Stand. Housed in the old Palace of Rani Mangammal, the Gandhi Museum depicts the highlights of the freedom struggle and contains a picture gallery of the Gandhian movement. Also can be seen are a gallery of relics, khadi and village industries section and South Indian Handicrafts section. Time : 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. & 2 p.m. to 5.45 p.m. (Open all days) Ph : 0452-2522822.

Govt. Museum :
The Govt. Museum, situated within the premises of the Gandhi Museum Complex, was estatblished during the 5th World Tamil Conference (1981). Visiting Hours : 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. & 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. Every Friday and 2nd Saturday of each month are Holidays. Ph : 0452-650298.

Kaalamega Perumal Temple:

Kaalamega Perumal Temple is an ancient Vaishnava pilgrim centre situated at Tirumogur which is 12 km north east of Madurai. It is one of the 108 Divya Desams sung by Alwars. Kalamega Perumal is the presiding deity.There is separate sanctum for Mogurvalli consort of Kaclamega Perumal.Location : 13 km from Mana Madurai Junction Railway Station.Festivals: The annual Brahmotsavam is celebrated in the month of Vaikasi ( May

June) Mohini Avataram is also performed in that period. Panguni uthuram, Aadi Pooram, Janmashtam, Navarathiri and Vaukunta Ekadesi are also celebrated here.Bus & Train facilities are available from Madurai. Ph:0452-2423227

Kazimar Periya Pallivasal :

Hazrat Kazi Syed Tajuddin who came from Oman during late 12th century, got this land from the king Kulasekara Pandiyan and constructed the mosque which is the first ever Muslim place of worship in Madurai. All his descendants (Huqdars - Share holders of that mosque called Syeds) have lived in the same locality for 700 years, and managed the mosque since then. Syed Tajuddin was appointed as Kazi of the sultans, and till now his descendants who live at Kazimar street, Madurai are appointed as Kazis to the government of Tamil Nadu. All syeds belong to the Sunni sect of Islam with Hanafi school. Most of the descendants of Kazi syed tajuddin are shadhilis (shazuli) and follow the Sufi order Fassiyatush Shadhiliya.

Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal :

1. About 1.5 Kms from the Meenakshi temple, this palace was built in 1636 by the ruler whose name it bears. The imposing edifice is famous for the Stuccowork on its domes and impressive arches.

2. The Sorgavilasam (Celestial Pavilion), measuring 75m x 52m, constructed entirely of brick and mortar without the support of a single rafter or girder, is a marvel of indoSaracenic architectural style. 3. Among other striking features of the palace are the massive white pillars, several of which line the corridor that runs along the courtyard. Connected by high decorated arches, these pillars measure 20m in height and have a circumference of 4m. Elsewhere, there are polished black stone pillars of varying heights. 4. The original Palace Complex was four times bigger than the present structure. This palace consisted mainly of two parts, namely Swargavilasa and Rangavilasa. He conducted daily dance and music performances in the palace. 5. This palace was destroyed by his grandson Chokkanatha Nayak and the valuables were transferred to other places. 6. Also a wonderful light and show programmes are functioning everyday in this Thirumalai Nayak Mahal that reveals the story about this palace. It can be visited from 9a.m to 5 p.m on payment. 7. The tourists are allowed to take photographs. 8. Located at Palace Road, Madurai - 625 001 9. Ph : 0452-2332945, 2338992.

Koodal Azhagar Temple :

Situated 1 km from Periyar Bus stand. This ancient and acclaimed Vaishnavite Temple, is noted for its remarkable architectural and sculptural magnificence. The Lord here is in the sitting (Asana), standing (Sthanaka) and reclining (Sayana) postures- all enshrined in one vertical plane. Ph : 0452-2338542.

Kutladampatti Water Falls :

It is located 36 KMs from Periyar bus stand on the way to Kodaikanal. An amusement park lies in a hill called "Sirumalai" with a natural beauty 7 km away from Kutladampatti near Vadipatti village. The height of the falls is 87 feets. During holidays and festive days thousands of domestic tourists take bath and enjoy the natural beauty. Near this falls a 500-years-old temple dedicated to Goddess Thadagai Nachiamman is there.

Kochadai Village Deity Temple :

It is located 5 Kms from Periyar Bus Stand. This temple village deity "Ayyanar" attract thousands of devotees from all over Madurai District. It is believed that those who proxy to this deity receive blessings of health and wealth.

South is famous for flowers. Particularly the women must adorn their heads with the most fragrant flowers. Madurai is surrounded by several mountains. It is famous for Jasmine Flowers. Jasmine flowers are transported to other cities of India from Madurai. Madurai is well known for its fragrant Jasmine flowers. Jasmine is known as Malli or Malligai in Tamil. Madurai Malli is an important horticultural produce. The buds are transported every day to major cities in India, like Chennai, Mumbai and Bangalore. Even there are online shops like flowers.com who deliver madurai malligai/madurai malli to any destination you want.

Arokia Annai Shrine :

Miraculous Spring Jesus Miraculous Medicine. The Miraculous Spring started pouring out from the right-side of the main Alter from 8th of September 2001, the feast of Our Ladys birth, at the foot of Our Ladys statue that attracts thousands of pilgrims fr om all over the world. Many pilgrims experience physical, spiritual and phychological healings. Hindus and Muslims also come to this shrine. It has been located on 27 km on Madurai Dindigul High Road at Vadimanagar, Vadipatti, Madurai - 625218, Ph : 04543-254499.

Madurai Kamaraj University :

The Madurai Kamaraj University (1966) situated in Nagamalai Pudukottai, has 18 schools, which in turn is made up of 72 departments. It pioneered the concept of Distance Education throughout India, and its Directorate of Distance Education currently boasts of a student strength of about 130,000. Several other Arts and Science colleges are present in and around the city, affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University. It has departments where one can study traditional beliefs, legends, customs, etc., as well as intricate technologies like Geo Informatics, Bio Informatics and beyond. A complete academic pride for Madurai. Ph : 0452-2458471.

Vandiyur Mariamman Temple :

This is a huge temple tank about 5 km east of the Meenakshi temple. The mandapam in the centre has an idol of Vigneshwara (Vinayaka). It is said to have been found when the earth was being dug out from here to build the

Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal.

Rajaji Park :
Located near Corporation Office Timings 10:00 a.m. to 08:00 p.m. open all days. Entrance fee: Rs. 1/- per head. No tickets for children below 3 years. Ph : 0452-2531012.

Pazhamudhir Cholai :
Pazhamudhir Cholai is situated 2 kilometers away from Alagar Koil on a small hillock., This is one of the six abodes of Lord Muruga.

Sri Aravindar Annai Trust Meditation Center :

It is 10 Kms south of Madurai Junction at Thirunagar 6th stop. It is dedicated to realise the ideal of Sri Aravindar and Sri Annai. It is one of the oldest places of meditation. Visiting and Meditation Hours at 4:30 p.m. to 08:30 p.m. daily. Ph 0452-6544899.

Thirumohur Temple :
A Vishnu temple located 20 kms from Madurai and 3 KMs from Othakkadai. The Main deity of this temple is "Kalamega Perumal" and Sembagavalli Sudharsana or Chakramis powerful deity in this temple. Ph:0452-2423227.

Thiruvathavur :
A Siva Temple located 25 KMs from Madurai and 5 kms from Othakkadai. The presiding deity of this temple is Siva and Parvathi. This is the birth place of Saivit Saint Manikka Vasagar.

Thirupparankundram :
8 Kms from Madurai. The temple here is dedicated to Lord Subramanya and is one of the six abodes of the Lord. Its inner-most shrine is cut out of a solid rock. Ph : 0452-2482248.

Ramakrishna Math :
Ramakrishna Math, Madurai is a branch of the world renowned Ramakrishna math and Ramakrishna Mission with its Head Quarters at Belur and Howrah. Ph : 04522680224, 2681181.

Thiyagi Vishwanathadas Memorial House :

Situated 16 km from the city. Born on 1886. A great Poet and Drama artiste he was quite famous among the youth of those Days. He chose drama as his vehicle to fight the British. He was a Devil in the Eyes of British. Died on 3112-1940. His memorial is situated at 56, Viswanath Das Street, Thirumangalam.

St. Marys Cathedral Church

St. Marys Cathedral in Madurai is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai. It is one of the oldest Roman Catholic church is situated 2 km South East of Madurai Railway station and 200 meters from the Thirumalai Nayak

Mahal.

Yoga Nara Simha Temple: The Cave Temple at Yanaimalai

There is one temple dedicated Narasimha the cave temple at yanaimalai eight kms from Madurai, on the way to Melur. There is a hill in the shape of an elephant adjoining it. Hence the name Yanaimalai. This temple is situated to its west as a village called Narasingam.The Goddess there is called Narasinga valli. The Chakra Theertham inside the temple is very famous.The cave temple was built on 770 A.D.Location: Narasimgam is situated between Melur and Madurai 8 kms from Madurai Bus Service is available from Madurai and Melur.

Jil Jil Jigarthanda

Jil Jil Jigarthanda is a south Indian beverage. It originated in Madurai. In Hindi "Jigarthanda" translates to "Cold Heart". The worlds "Jil Jil" are added to give it a rhyming sound and they roughly translates to "Cool Cool". It is generally prepared and served by road side pull-inns in Madurai as refreshment during the Indian summer.

The Great Man Thiyagaseelar Kakkan

In the district of Madurai near Melur there is one village Thumbai Patti where our man of simplicity was born on 18-06-1909. In the midst of poverty he was educated only up to 10th standard. Immediately after the completion of school education Kakkan entered into public life. Thiru. N.M.R. Subburayan and Vaidhya Nathayyar of Madurai were very popular in those days. They encouraged Kakkan in his political activities. Thiru. N.M.R. Subbarayan introduced him to Mahatma Gandhiji when he visited Madurai. He was attracted by Gandhijis principles. He became one of the noted congress workers. He was elected in Samaya Nallur constituency in 1957 and in Melur constituency in 1962. He became the minister for Agriculture Department. in the cabinet of Thiru. K.Kamaraj. In 1963 Kamaraj stepped down from the ministry according to K. Plan, Thiru. M. Baktavatchalam became the chief minister; in his cabinet Kakkanji held responsible for Home Department, Finance, Education Hindu Religious endowment and Harijan welfare. He died on 28-12-1981. His statue was unveiled on 31-08-1997 near

the High Court at Madurai. The house in which he lived at Thumbaipatti village has been announced as his memorial.

Kadambavanam - Temple of Tamil Tradition

Kadambavanam Cultural centre is the new tourist hotspot in Madurai. Set in an extremely picturesque locale just twenty minutes from the city, Kadambavanam is a centre for and of the tamils, to conserve, preserve and showcase whatever is Tamilian. It features a liveshowcase of Tamilnadus tradition and culture where visitors can enjoy Tamil dances and music, arts & crafts, rural games, food varieties and spiritual practices. You could feast your senses on Bharathanatyam, the divine dance form, with its graceful costumes and the soul stirring Carnatic music performed live at the auditorium. A variety of colourful Tamil folk arts, Karagam, kavadi, Oyilattam, Thappattam, Poikkal kudhirai etc., are performed. The show is well compered with explanation and stories of the region thrown in. The show is completed by a traditional dinner which offers a cross section of the tamil cuisine including yester year food forgotten even at homes all in a rustic setting. With a wide variety of art form, food choices, mythology and philosophies to be exposed, every day a varied selection is on offer. Kadambavanam works on a social entrepreneurship model involving local villagers to run the show. Kadambavanam is dedicated to the cause of promoting and preserving the tamils precious art forms for posterity and in the process providing dignity and livelihood to many an impoverished rural artist. Visit Kadambavanam for an authentic Tamil cultural experience. Open from 5 p.m. onwards everyday. Daily cultural programme starts at 6 p.m. Natham Road, Parali, Dindigul District 624401. (25 km from Madurai City) Ph: 04544 220322, Mobile Nos: 90039 13063, 90039 26209.

Home

TN Districts

Tirunelveli

Tirunelveli Places of Interest

Agasthiyar Falls - Papanasam:

42 Kms from Tirunelveli. This holy place is on the western ghats of Pothigai Hills. It is close to the Papanasam Falls, on the banks of the Thamiraparani river where Siva and Parvathi appeared before the great saint Agasthiya.Hence the falls is popularly called the Agasthiyar Falls. To commemorate the visit of the divine couple, the Agasthiya templ e was built there.Papanasam Dam is located 49 Kms away from Tirunelveli. This is a beautiful picnic spot.

Ambasamudram :
40 Kms from Tirunelveli. Like Kancheepuram, it is also a temple town. Because many more temple are located here. Kasi Vishvanathar temple, Thirumula Nathaswamy temple, Veerama thandeswarar temple, Ammaiappan temple, Krishnaswamy

temple, Purushotama Perumal temple and Lakshmi Narayana Perumal temple are situated here. Athankarai Pallivasal : 46 Kms. from Tirunelveli. There are two domes, one for Syed Ali Fathima and the other for Sheik Mohammed. They are considered as holy sufi saints. All religious people visit this Muslim shrine and get everything what they want.

Athankarai Pallivasal :
46 Kms. from Tirunelveli. There are two domes, one for Syed Ali Fathima and the other for Sheik Mohammed. They are considered as holy sufi saints. All religious people visit this Muslim shrine and get everything what they want.

District Science Centre :

The District Science Centre is a unique institution situated on the banks of Tamiraparani. Popularising Science, calculating the spirit of enquiry, fostering creative talents and infusing scientific temper in life, are its objectives. This is one among the 124 centres in the country.The centre has 3 permanent galleries on ocean, a semi permanent gallery on popular science and a six acre science park where numerous exhibits help create awareness of scientific development among the people. In addition to the above facilities the District Science Centre is also organising the following programmes Mobile Science Exhibition, Planetarium, Film Show, Temporary Exhibitions, Science Drama and Science Fair.Popularising Science, calculating the spirit of enquiry, fostering creative talents and infusing scientific temper in life, are its objectives. This is one among the 124 centres in the country. The centre has 3 permanent galleries on ocean, a semi permanent gallery on popular science and a six acre science park where numerous exhibits help create awareness of scientific development among the people.

Ilanji :
Ilanji is a small village in Tirunelveli District. Kumaram Kovil is very famous, is this area lord Muruga with Valli and Deivanai blesses the devotees here. The prime deity here is called Varada Raja Kumarar. In the midst green Paddy field and grove of coconut trees on the bank of Chithra River this temple has been renovated by Mara Varman Kulasekara Pandian in 1409 A.D Location : 5 Km from Tenkasi and 3 Km from Courtallam. Buses Taxis are available from Tenkasi, Courtallam and Sengottai.

Kalakkadu Wildlife Sanctuary :

47 Kms from Tirunelveli. This is a Project Tiger Reserve. The flora ranges from forests of tropical wet evergreen to tropical dry deciduous and thorn forest. Lion-tailed Macaque and common Langur are plenty. Trekking is allowed with the prior permission from the officials of Forest Dep. Accommation is available at Forest Rest House at Sengaltheri with catering facilities. Season - Sep. to Mar. Ph : 0462-261100.

Kappal Mada - Selva Mada Church (Uvari) :

72 Kms from Tirunelveli. A small church for St. Mary which was under the control of pastors of Goa mission existed here. In course of time, in 1903, this church was converted into a school. On important occasions as per the wishes of the people, festivals were conducted and prayers were offered to her. There was a custom among the young maidens to go to the nunnery in the night and sleep there. On one such occasion they saw a bright light surrounding this Selvamatha statue even though nobody lit a candle. Many people of Uvari witnessed this light which was there for over an hour. This incident occurred on 18th September which is celebrated as a festival. People used to keep this statue in a chariot and come around this town to bestow the blessing of Mary to the people of Uvari. Due to sea erosion the old church got damaged. Therefore the people decided to construct a new church for which the foundation stone was laid down by Fr.Thomas in 1970, 25th January and the work was finished on 1974. This church designed as a ship, is called Kappal Matha church after its design. It is beautiful church facing the blue sea. The waves rolling near this church gives us an impression that this ship shaped church is sailing on the sea which is a feast to eyes. Located at Uvari Beach.

Karayar Dam / The Roja falls (Banatheertham) :

Situated in the Western Ghats, Banatheertham is part of the Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and lies above the Karayar dam. A 20-minute boat ride (costing Rs 20) takes one from the dam across the lake. A 10-minute trek takes one to the magnificent waterfalls. Surrounded by dense forest, the waterfalls present a magnificent sight when viewed from the lake. The boat ride also offers a breathtaking view of the adjoining hills. This range is also known for its plant diversity. The legendary Sage Agasthiya, who is called the father of the plant-based Siddha stream of medicine, is believed to have roamed these hills collecting herbs.

Krishnapuram Anjaneyar Temple

The Sincere and faithful servant of Lord Rama Stands like a grant and blesses the devotees at Krishnapurm near Kadyanallur. His service to Rama plays an important role during Rama Ravana War.Anjaneyar Jayanthi Vizha: In the month of December the festival starts with Yagasalai pooja; it is celebrated 5 days.Location: 150 km from Madurai on the way to Tenkasi; 12 km from Tenkasi; 1 km from Kadayanallur Train & Bus facilities available; Auto to is available to railway Station at kadayanallur Timing : Morning 8.30 A.M 11.00 AM , Evening 5.00 PM to Night : 7.30 PM Saturdays: 8.30 AM

9.00 Night Ph:04633-245250, Cell:9842940464

Kodaganallur :
This is the third among the Nava Kailayam Lord Siva Blesses on Lord Guru here. The Presiding deity of this temple is lord Kailasanathar and the Goddess Sivagami Amman. Lord Muruga, Goddesses Valli and Theivanai also are placed ther to bless the devotee.Kovil Timings : 7.30 am to 8.30 am 4.30.pm to 6.30 pm Festival Days : Sivarathiri and Thiruvathirai Location : Kodaganallur is situated 1 km south of Nadukallur which is on Cheran Mahadevi Mukudal route in Tirunelveli District

Koonthankulam Birds Sanctuary :

38 Kms from Tirunelveli. A small village in the far south, Koonthan-kulam in Nanguneri Taluk of Tirunelveli District is emerging as a new favourite of the migratory birds. It may soon be catapulted into the list of popular water bird sanctuaries in the country. This village is sparsely populated. Migratory birds start coming by December end and fly away to their northern homes by June or July after they lay eggs, hatch them and the young ones grow old enough to fly with the older ones.

Krishnapuram :
13 km from Tirunelveli The temple in Krishna puram is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. The Presi ding deity is Thiruvenka tanathar. There are number of life-size sculptures in this temple with intricate workmanship.

Kumbarutti Falls :
80 Kms from Tirunelveli, 20 Kms from Courtallam via beautiful falls located at western ghats along with natural swimming pool (Thadagam) 3 km before Achan Kovil.

Vanchinathan : (1886 June 17, 1911) , popularly known as Vanchi, was an Indian Tamil independence activist. He is best remembered for having shot dead Ashe, the Collector of Thirunelveli and having later

committed suicide in order to evade arrest. Vanchinathan was born in Shenkottai to Raghupathy Iyer and Rukmani Ammal. His actual name was Shankaran. He did his schooling in Shenkottai and graduated in M.A. from Moolam Thirunal Maharaja College in Thiruvananthapuram. Even while in college, he married Ponnammal and got into a lucrative Government job. On June 17, 1911, Vanchi assassinated Ashe, the district collector of Tirunelveli, who was also known as Collector Dorai. He shot Ashe at point-blank range when Ashes train had stopped at the Maniyachi station, en route to Madras. He committed suicide thereafter. The railway station has since been renamed Vanchi Maniyachi. Vanchi was a close collaborator of Varahaneri Venkatesa Subrahmanya Iyer (normally shortened to V.V.S.Aiyar or Va.Ve.Su Iyer), another freedom fighter who sought arms to defeat the British.

Kurukuthurai Murugan Temple :

Lord Muruga temple here in the midst of Tamiraparani river on both the sides is beautifully carved out of a rock known as Thiruvuruvamalai. It is said that the same rock was used for carving the temple of Lord Muruga at Tiruchendur in 1653.

Kunnathur Temple :
Kunnathur is the first in Nadu Kailayam and fourth in Nava Kailayam; the ruling deity of this temple is Lord Kailasanathar alias Kotha Parameswarar. The Goddesses is Sivagami Amman If we pray to lord kothaparameswar marriage which are delayed will be solemnized and those who dont have children would be blessed with children.Temple Timings : Morning : 7.00 am to 10.00 am evening : 5.00 pm to 6.00 pm Festival Days: Sivarathri Thiruvalhirai and Piradhosam are celebrated in this temple.Location: Kunnathur is 9 km from Tirunelveli Now it is called as upper Thiruvenkata Nathapuram and lower Thiruvenkatanathapuram.

Manimuthar Dam/Falls :
47 Kms from Tirunelveli. Gorgeous garden of Dam, pleasure boating. Water falls is 5 Kms from dam through Zig Zag Ghat road. Manjolai Tea Estate having salubrious climate can be visited. 10 Kms from dam. Rest house is available in the dam.

Manjolai - Hill Station :

Manjolai is 57 km away from Tirunelveli and is at an elevation of 1162 sq. metre. There are many tea plantations in and around this place. Bombay Burma Tea estate is famous one in this area. About 4000 people work in these tea plantations.

Museum :
2 kms from Tirunelveli. It is a multipurpose museum located on Tirunelveli-Thiruvananthapuram Road (NH7) at Palayamkottai. All kinds of Archaeological remainings can be seen. Entrance free. Museum Open 8.30 to a.m. to 5.30 p.m.

Murappa Nadu :
The Temple Murambesswara is near here. Lord Shiva blesses as Lord Guru here Lord Kailasanathar and the Goddess Sivagami Ambal bless people. Those who visit this temple will get wealth and education.Temple Timings: Morning : 7.00 am to 10.00 am Evening : 5.00 pm to 7.30 pm Location : Murappa Nadu is 17 Kms from Tirunelveli along the Tirunelveli Tuticorin Road; Bus Service is available from Tirunelveli Junction Bus Stand.

Nambi Malai :
On the hills close by stands a small temple dedicated to Lord Nambi called Malai Nambi with a panoramic view of the village below. This hill is called Nambi Malai (Nambi Hill).

Nava Kailayangal
The Nine Temples for Lord Siva, situated on the banks of river Thamira Parani in Tirunelveli District are called Nava Kailayangal. They are as follows:Pappanasam is at the foot hills of Pothigai Mountains. Lord Siva at this place is called Papanasa Nathar; he is with Ulagambikai Ambal.It is very important to worship lord Shivalinga During Sivarathris our sins will be removed.Kovil Timings : Morning 6.30 A.M to 11.30 A.M Evening : 4.30 P.M. to 8.30 P.M Location : 45 kms from Tirunelveli Bus service is available in plenty.

Nanguneri :
Nanguneri is 30 Kms from Tirunelveli. Nanguneri is surrounded by lush green fertile, big water tank and acres of fertile land. The western part of Nanguneri is dotted with a chain of mountains called western ghats. People in the town live a simple life. Their daily routine may include taking bath in the water tank, visiting Sri Vanamamalai Temple and worshipping the Deity, taking blessings of Jeeyar and partaking prasadam offered in the temple. Nanguneri lies north of Eruvadi.

Nellayappar Gandhimathi Temple :

The Nellaiappar Temple with Ganthimathi is situated in the centre of town at a distance of two km from the railway station. This is a twin temple dedicated to Goddess Parvathi and Lord Shiva. Rare jewels, the Golden Lily Tank, Musical Pillars, the hall of a thousand pillars are worth seeing. From a distance one can have a view of the great gopurams (towers). Both the gopurams were built according to the rules laid down in the agamasastras by Rama Pandyan. Nindrasir Nedumaran, who reigned in the seventh century CE, contributed by constructing and renovating important parts in this temple. A beautiful garden founded in 1756 CE, next to this chain mandapam, welcomes visitors with manycolourful and fragrant flowers. This garden was designed by Thiruvengadakrishna Mudaliar. A square vasantha mandapam with 100 pillars is found in the midst of this garden. The Nellaiappar Temple is bigger than the Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple, though the latter is more famous owing to its historical importance.The main sanctum

sanctorium has a vishnu deity in lying pose as seen in famous srirangam temple. Ph : 04622339910.

Mela Thiruvenkatanathapuram Temple :

The Mela Thiruvenkatanathapuram temples sanctum sanctorum has Lord Srinivasa deity. The temple is located 7 to 10 km south west of Tirunelveli in the banks of perennial river Thamirabarani. This temple/place is also called Thirunankovil.

Pottalpudur Dargha :
The centre of attraction of this place is the oldest dargha built around the year 1674. This dargha attracts not only the Muslims but Hindus and Christians also in equal numbers. This has been built adopting Hindu temple pattern. If the prayers of the pilgrims are answered, they pay their offerings, through the dargha in large numbers during Kanthuri festival with great reverence. In this dargha where the lebbais act as priest, customs almost similar to that of Hindus are followed in the rituals. Here holy ashes obtained from tamarind bark, ghee, and flowers called nerchai are distributed to the devotees. Ph : 04634-240566.

Rajapathy :
It is one of the Nava Kailayam is Tirunelveli District.Lord Siva reigns as lord kethu at Rajapathi. Lord kethu blesses with success to overcome conflicts in an individuals life; he helps to fight against evil and restores peace.Temple Timings: Morning : 7.00 am to 10.30 am Evening : 5.00 pm to 7.30 pm Location : Raja Pathy is one km south of Manathy near Then Thiruperai in Thoothukudi District Bus facilites available in plenty to Then Thiruperai To Contact : C. Prakash Pattar 9865143592

Sankaran Kovil & Temple :

56 kms from Tirunelveli. Sankarankoil is a town well connected with Tirunelveli and other parts of the district with good bus facilities. Temple was built by Ukkirapandian who ruled this area in the early part of the 11th century A.D. It was his daily routine to go to Madurai on elephants back to worship Lord Somasundarar and Meenakshi. On one particular day his elephant dug a pit with its trunk, fell and rolled over the earth, and refused to move further. Manikreevan one of the kings watchmen rushed to him and informed about a Siva lingam and a Cobra coiling on it in Punnai forest. When the king came there to witness this an oracle was heard at that time which instructed the Pandiya king to construct a temple and worship him with utmost devotion which the king obliged. Nagasunai, the most sacred one

is said to have been dug by two serpent king Sankan and Padman. There is a belief among the people that the dip in this holy water will cure all the diseases. Ph : 04636-222265.

Salaikumaran Temple :
The Lord Muruga Temple in the heart of Tirunelveli Junction is a popular temple. This temple received Silver Trophy in 1965 for best maintained temple. Most of the marriages of Hindus are held here.

Sri Sorimuthu Aiyanar Temple - Karayar :

Situated at karayar near Papanasam in Tirunelveli Dostrict. Presiding deity is Sorimuthu Aiyanar. Bommakka, Thimmakka and Pechiamman are the other deities there. Watching deity is Boodhathar. Location at 60 kms from Tirunelveli. Nearest Railway Station Ambasamudram Ph : 04634-291104.

Sri Varadharaja Perumal Temple :

Sri Varadharaja Perumal Kovil at Tirunelveli is situated in Tirunelveli Junction. This temple is an ancient and reputed Vishnu temple. It lies on the banks of perennial river Thamirabarani. This area is also known as Veerarahavapuram.

Tirunelveli - Iruttukkadai Alwa The city is very famous for the mouth watering sweet Halwa (pronounced Alwa) which is made from wheat and sugar. The peculiar taste of Tirunelveli Alwa owes its gratitude to Thamirabarani river water. The Iruttu Kadai opposite to the Nellayappar temple is the hot spot when it comes to Alwa. Tourists from all over the country throng Iruttukadai to purchase Tirunelveli Alwa.

Sengottai :
Sengottai is a town in the foothills of the Western Ghats. It is located roughly 5 km from the Coutrallam Waterfall.The Harihara and Kuntaaru rivers flow through the village. The economy of Sengottai is chiefly agrarian in nature and people are engaged in the cultivation of rice, groundnut, ginger, coconut. Terra cotta and Pottery industry, Cane furniture are the important economic activities. Large number of Saw mills are present in Shenkottai Piranoor. Tourist places are : Kundaru Dam and Mottai Dam 3 km from Sengottai, Paalaru Falls 15 km from Sengottai.

SeranMaha Devi :
The Siva Temple at Seran MahaDevi is the second place among the Nava Kailayams. The Prime diety here is called Sri Amma Natha Swami and the Goddesse is Avadi Nayagi Ambal.The Lord Sun & Moon also have some importance there.In the month of Mangazhi (Dec Jan) Thirukalyana festival is celebrated. Thiruvathirai, Sivarathari and daily poojas are observed.Location: 20 km from Tirunelveli on the way to Ambasamudram.All the buses from Tirunelveli to Kallidai Kurichi and Ambasamudram passes through Seran Mahadee

Tenkasi-Kasi Vishwanathar Temple :

53 Kms from Tirunelveli and 5 kms from Tenkasi. The name itself implies that this town is Kasi (Varanasi) of the

South. The temple is 554 feet in length and 318 feet width. 172 feet temple tower was built in 1456 by King Parakirama Pandian. Then the temple tower was damaged in 1924 due to thunder and it was rebuilt by Sivanthi Adithan with height of 163 feet. Ph : 04633-222373.

Thirumalai Kovil
is a Murugan temple situated at Panpoli, Tenkasi taluk, Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. The temple is situated on a small hill surrounded by western ghats in the border of kerala. The lord murugan in this temples shrine is called as Thirumalai Kumarasamy or Thirumalai Kumaran. Because of the lords name most of the people in this region have the name Thirumalai. There is one more goddess temple within this temple, called Thirumalai amman. This hill temple is surrounded by lot of coconut plantations and small village, so the view from the top will be great. Location : 12 kms from Tenkasi 7kms from Senkottai. Town Buses and Taxis are available.

Thirupudaimarudur :
40 Kms from Tirunelveli. Athalanathar temple and Narumpoonathar temple on the banks of river Tamiraparani river attracts tourists mainly because of scenic beauty. The stone sculptures are legend of the temples are interesting. The four styles of temple architecture viz. Pandiya, Chera, Chola and Vijayanagara beautify the glorious temple.

Thiruvalluvar Two Tier Bridge :

The two tier over bridge, namely Thiruvalluvar Bridge at Tirunelveli Junction was constructed to avoid the railway line crossing. The total length of bridge is 800 metres. This type of two tier bridge constructed in Tirunelveli is the first of its kind in India. This bridge was opened for traffic in 1972. This two tier over bridge consists of 25 spans of which 13 are of bow string arch, each with a width of 30.30 metres and 12 are single tier R.C.C girder each having a width of 11.72 metres.

Parotta- Special at Piranoor (Sengottai) Piranoor, very near Sengottai is famous for Parotta with Chicken Kuruma. We can not get such a tasty Parotta-Chicken Kuruma any where is Tamil Nadu except at Piranoor. Parotta Stall functions only at night. Location : 3kms from Courtallam.7kms from Tenkasi.

Tirukkurungudi :
At the foot of the Mahendragiri hills on the western ghats and on the banks of the river Nambiyaru lies the large and prosperous village of Tirukkurungudi. In the Varaha Purana the Lord speaks of his sojourn in this holy village. Thus this place derives its name Kurungudi the smaller abode of Narayana.

Trinity Cathedral :
2 Kms from Tirunelveli. The location of the place now called as Murugankurichi. There is an elegant and beautiful church here, built in 1826 by Revered Rhenius.

Uvari Village :
Uvari is fishing village situated at shore of way of Bengal at Tirunelveli district, This village is 70 kms south from Tirunelveli, People in this village belong to Christian Paravar community. It is well connected by buses to its neighbouring towns. It takes an hour to reach here by bus from the Hindu pilgrimage spot of Thiruchendur. Uvari is an hour and half from the railway junction of Tirunelveli and from the beach town of Kanyakumari.

V.O.C. Mani Mandapam :

V.O.Chitambaram the Towering personality of Freedom movement Tamilnadu who pulled cooking oil extractor (Chekku) in Coimbatore Jail, where he was imprisoned for fighting against British imperialism. V.O.C. Born at Ottapidaram now in Tuticorin District. Before that the village came under Tirunelveli District. So the Tamilnadu Govt. built a Manimandapam at Tirunelveli. There is a meditation hall. In this hall 6.5 feet height V.O.C Statue is installed. There is also a model oil extractor in stone, which remind the V.O.Cs sacrific es for national liberation task. At the entrance of the mandapam, two ship shapes are installed which remind V.O.Cs dynamic approach against British. V.O.C. also started Navigation company against British. He was not only a patriot but a labour union leader also. Once the workers of Harvey mill going on strike, they were starving. At that time VOC sold his land, and provided food to all the workers and thus continuing the strike.

Vallanadu Black Buck Sanctuary :

18 Kms. from Tirunelveli. A small hillock of Vallanadu have numerous population of spotted deers. This place always normal cool climate because surrounding there is lot of trees and plant are situated naturally. It is declared as Deer Sanctuary by Forest Department. Police Shooting Station (Arms Firing Training) here is one of the best in India. Contact : The District Forest Officer, Tirunelveli Division, Kokirakulam, Tirunelveli - 627009.

Veerar Pulithevan Memorial :

Born in 1715. He was the first war cry against the British. He refused to pay tax to the British as it was more of a protection money. This hurt selfrespect and in 1755 he was the

first to herald the freedom movement defying the demand of Col. Aaron. He waged a war against the Britishers and defeated them. However, while offering prayers at Sankara Nainar Koil Britishers laid a cunning trap to capture him. But he dis-appeared into the cave there and never returned. His memorial is situated in Nelkattum Seval at Sivagiri Taluk. Located at 3 km from Nerkattum Cheval, 5 km from Sankarankovil.

World Famous Mats of Pattamadai

These beautiful reed mats crafted out of korai grass with cotton or silk in the weft are made in Pattamadai village. The traditional colours used are red, green and black and the weaves range from medium colour to 140 counts in the silk or pattu mat. Designs inputs by modern designers has led to the making of contemporary mats which are greatly in demand both in the international and national markets.

Rameswaram Places of Interest

Ramanathaswamy Temple:

1. The Temple is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva located in the island of Rameswaram. 2. Temple structure : Like all ancient temples in South India, there is a high compound wall (madil) on all four sides of the temple premises measuring about 865 feet furlong from east to west and one furlongs of 657 feet from north to south with huge towers (Gopurams) at the east and west and finished gate towers on the north and south. 3. The temple has striking long corridors in its interior, running between huge columnades on platforms above five feet high. 4. The outer set of corridors is reputed to be the longest in the word being about 400 feet in each in the east and west and about 640 feet in north and south and inner corridors are about 224 feet in east and west and about 352 feet each in north and south. 5. Their width varies from 15.5 feet to 17 feet in the east and west about 172 feet on

6. 7. 8. 9.

the north and south with width varying 14.5 feet to 17 feet. The total length of those corridors is thus 3850 feet. There are about 1200 pillars in the outer corridor. Their height is about 30 feet from the floor to the center of the roof. Worship: Six worship services are carried out each day, the first being at 5am. Special worship services are carried out every Friday. Festivals: Ramas worship is commemorated in the month of Aani (June 15 - July 15); two annual Bhrammotsavams are celebrated in Aadi and in Maasi. Ph : 04573-221223.

About Rameswaram
Rameswaram is the abode of one of the 12 Jyothirlingas of India. It is also considered one among four most sacred pilgrim centers of India. They are Rameswaram in the South, Badrinath in the North, Puri in the East and Dwaraka in the West. Among these, Rameswaram is dedicated to Shiva, while the other three are dedicated to Vishnu.

Agnitheertham :
The calm, shallow water-spread of the sea, present hardly 100 metres in front of the magnificient temple Gopuram is reverentially held sacred. A dip in the Agnitheertham is supposed to remove the sins of the pilgrims. The other Theerthams (holy springs) in and around the temple are also important for pilgrims.

Badrakaliamman Temple :
Temple for Devi Durga is situated 1 km from the main temple on the way to Gandhamathana parvatham.

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Born on 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram. He was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was popularly known as the peoples President. After graduating in science from St.Josephs College in Tiruchi, Abdul kalam graduated with a diploma in the mid 1950s from M.I.T. specializing in Aeromatical Engineering. In this field his service is considerable. On 29th April, 2009 he became the first, Asian to be bestowed the 2008 Hoover medal, Americas top Engineering prize, for his outstanding constribution to public service.

The Government of India has honoured him with nations highest civilian honours: the Padma Bushan in 1981; Padma Vibushan in 1990; and Bharat Ratna for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisior to Indian government. He is also the first Scientist and first bachalor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhavan.

Dhanushkodi
A place called Dhanushkodi is located at the eastern end of the island. The chain of small islets and reefs in the sea between Sri Lanka and Dhanushkodi collectively are known as Adams bridge.

Five Faced Hanuman Temple :

Hanuman is adorned with senthooram here. The stone said to have used to construct the floating bridge Sethu Bandanam could be seen here.

Floating Rock-Stone

Wonder! Miracle! Joyful! It is nature when Rock-Stones throw into the water will be drown at once. But in a city that rock-stones are not drowned; they are floating in the water is it possible.Myths say that Sriram was tried to go to Lanka to redeem sita who was remanded by Ravana; They threw some rock-stones in the south sea and constructed a bridge across that sea. All rock-stones were not drowned; but floated in the sea. Even now you can see that bridge which is called Adam Bridge and this was built by Sriram between Rameswaram and Lanka. Thulasi Baba Madam is one of the famous Madams located at island city Rameshwaram. It has kept two floating rock-stones in a small water tub. Very near by some rock-stones are kept on the floor which will touch and check by the devotees with great pleasure.Located : Thulsai Baba Madam On the way to Rameswaram Temple from the bus stand.

Gandhamathana Parvatham :
A hillock situated 3 Kms to the north of the temple is the highest point in the island. There is a two storeyed Mandapam, where Ramas feet (Padam) is found as an imprint on a chakra. Pilgrims throng in thousands to worship Gandhamathana Parvatham. Sukreevar Temple andTheertham are situated on the way to Gandhamadana Parvatham.

Kothandaramaswamy Temple :
Kothandaramaswamy temple is located 12 kms away from Rameswaram. A popular belief is that vibishna, brother of Ravana, surrendered before Rama here.

Pamban Island
situated at the western edge of Pamban Island, is a fishing village and a harbour which is the main point of entry for the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram. Pamban is 11 km from Rameswaram, 7 km from Mandapam.

Pamban Bridge
The Pamban Bridge on the Palk Strait connects Rameswaram. It refers to both the road bridge and the cantilever railway bridge, though primarily it means the latter. The railway bridge is 6,776 ft (2,065 m) and was opened for traffic in 1914. The railroad bridge is a still-functioning double-leaf bascule bridge section that can be raised to let ships pass under the bridge.

Sea World Aquarium :

Just opposite the Rameswaram Bus Stand, one can catch a quick glimpse of an assortment of underwater creatures in their near natural habitat in the Sea World Aquarium the only one of its kind in the state, and probably in the country too, filled with such varied marine

life forms including exotic species such as Octopus, Snake fish, Parrot fish, Sea lizard, Sea squid, Cow fish, Lion fish, Rabbit fish, Fire fish, Butter fish, Clown fish, Crabs, Lobsters, Prawns, Sea Lotus, Beach Tamet, Star Fishes, Sea Horses and Sharks. This is quite an eyeopener for young tourists & kids and lovers of marine life. Ph : 04573-222811.

Satchi Hanuman Temple :

This temple is considered to be the place where Hanuman delivered the good news of finding Sita to Rama with satchi or evidence, Choodamani or the jewel that belonged to Sita. Situated 3 kms from the main temple, on the way to the Gandamadana Parvatham.

Thangachi Madam
situated between Pamban and Rameswaram is a minor settlement. It derives its name from a muttwhich is located in the town. There are a couple of temples and a few churches. The township is also served by a police station. Ekantharamar Temple constructed and maintained by the Kanchi mutt is the main attraction.

Villoondi Theertham
It is literally translated stands for buried bow. It is quite well known that Lord Ram always carried a bow. According to legend, at this sacred spot, located 7 km from Pamban, is this puranic place, significant because it was at this place where Lord Ram is said to have quenched the thirst of Sita by dipping the bow into the sea water.

Kumbakonam Places of Interest

Adi Kumbeswarar temple:

Adi Kumbeswarar temple is the major one among the Saivite temples and located in the centre of Kumbakonam at Big Bazaar Street. This temple covers an area of 30181 sq.ft. with a length and breadth of 750 feet, and 252 feet respectively. This temple comprises of three Praharas and three Gopurams in the Eastern, Northern and Western directions. It is believed that Govinda Theeksithan, the Chieftain of Achutha Nayakar of Thanjavur, renovated this oldest temple during 16th century. The East Gopuram consists of 9 stories with a height of 128-ft. Mangala Theertham, Marriage hall and small temples for Muruga, Ganapathi and Mangalambigai are other major constituents of this temple. Ph : 04352420276.

Sarangapani Temple :

5 km from Bus Stand. This temple is located near to Uchipilliar Kovil Junction at Sarangapani East Street. This temple is considered one among the three major shrines of Lord Vishnu and it was renovated during the period of Nayaka Kingdom of 16th century. Sarangapani temple consists of the biggest Gopuram (150ft), and five Praharas and one holy tank, known as "Porthamarai Kulam", which is located behind the temple. The Karuvarai and Vimanam are made with 12-sculptured columns shaped like a chariot.Ph : 0435-2430349.

Somessar temple:
Somessar temple is situated in the southern portion of Sri Sarangapani temple. This temple is facing the northern side with a small Gopuram at the eastern portion near the entrance. The architectural style and element of this temple resembles the Dravidian Architecture of 13thcentury of Chola period. Arumugam and Thenar Mozhi Ammal are the other deities located in this temple complex.

Sri Agneeswara Swami Temple - Kanjanoor :

Kanjanoor Temple is associated with Sukran the plant Venus and is regarded one of the nine temples in the Thanjavur linked to the navagraham. Kanjanur is considered as the 36th in the series of the Tevara Stalams located in Chola nadu north of the river kaveri. Legends : brahma was blessed with a vision of Shivas marriage with Parvati here. Agni worshiped Shiva here and hence the name Agneeswarar. Temple : This temple has two prakarams and a five-tired Rajagopuram at the entrance. Images depict legends related to haradatta Sivacharyar. There are shrines also dedicated to Maanakkanjaarar nayanmaar and Kalikkaamar here. Stone images of nataraja and Sivakami in the Nataraja Sabha and is called the Mukti mandapam. The Shivatandavam is called Mukti Tandavam. Legend states that Shiva blessed Paraasaramuni with a vision of the cosmic dance here. Inscriptions from the Chola and Vijayanagar periods can be seen in this temple. Festivals : A festival commemorating Haradatta Sivacharyar is celebrated in the Tamil month of Thai each year. Mahasivaratri, Arudra Darisanam, Navaratri and Aadi Pooram are also celebrated here. Located at Kanjanoor Post, Tanjavur, Ph : 0435-2473737. The Kumbakonam degree coffee is made with the finest coffee seeds, is slow roasted, and distilled in brass filters. The degree refers to both the purity of the milk as well as the heat at which the ingredients are mixed. The flavour of the coffee is ensured by always keeping the decoction warm, in a double boiler. The milk should be freshly boiled and must not simmer. One more thing: coffee is never as aromatic as when the decoction is extracted from as brass filter. Kumbakonam degree coffee comes in a tumbler and dabra, a Shallower vessel into which the scalding hot coffee is swished from a height in long, swift streams, so that when the steaming beverage finally rests in front of you, its is

frothy and fragrant. You can taste the degree coffee at Venkatramana Hotel.

Nageswaran temple:
Nageswaran temple otherwise known as "Koothandavar Kovil", is located near the old bus stand area and Adithya Cholan of Chola dynasty constructed this temple during 12th century. This emple stands as a great marvel of Chola's architecture, building technology and astronomy. The design and orientation are structured in such a way that it allows the sun rays inside the temple only during the month of Chithirai, therefore, it bears another name called "Soorya Kottam" or "Keel Kottam". The Karuvarai of Nageswaran temple has similarity with that of Sarangapani temple, as it is made in the form of a Chariot. The temple consists of two Gopurams in the Eastern and Western directions.

Chakkarapani Temple:
Located 6 km from the Bus stand northern portion of Big Bazaar Street near the river Cauvery and second biggest Vaishnavite temple in Kumbakonam town. The Eastern and Western entrances of the temple are known as "Thatchinaya Vayil" and "Utharayana Vayil" respectively and outer Prakara of this temple is made in the form of Balcony. Agampara Vinayakar, Panchamuga Aancheneyar and Vijayavalli are the important idols located in this temple complex. Ph : 0435-2403284.

Sri Bodhendra Saraswati Swamigal (Athistanam) :

Bodhendra Saraswati was the 58th Sankaracharya of the Kamakoti Mutt and was the author of the authoritative work Namamrta-Rasayanam, which is a treatise on the efficacy of reciting the names of God for attainment of salvation. The story is told that he learnt of this in a flash through a conversation he overheard somewhere in Puri where a brahmin house-wife abducted by a muslim was reconverted and accepted by the husband as purified just by reciting the name of Rama once. He was born in Mandana Misra Agraharam at Kanchi as the son of one Kesava Panduranga. Bhoddendras former name

was Purushottama. It was he who stressed the efficacy of devotion as a means to liberation in Kali. He therefore undertook the great task of Nama Siddhanta, or establishing the supreme efficacy of reciting the names of Bhagavan in many of his writings, chiefly in Namamrta Rasayana and Namamrta Rasodaya. His mission of Nama Siddhanta was pursued with equal vigor by Sridhara Venkatesa, or Ayyaval of Tiruvisainallur and by Sadguru Swami of Marudanallur. It was the Nama Siddhanta of Bodhendra that was ultimately responsible for the evolution of Bhajana Sampradaya as an institution in the religious life of the Hindu community in South India. Bodhendra performed Tatanka Pratistha at Jambukeswaram and while returning to Kanchi he attained videha mukti at Govindapuram on Full Moon day in the month of Proshtapada of the cyclic year Prajotpatti (1692 AD). It is said the spiritual presence of Bodhendra still abides at his Adhisthana at Govindapuram. It is said that in the calm silence of the night a melodious voice uttering Rama Nama is heard rising from subdued tones to a crescendo, and then fading into silence again. Contact : Sri Bodhendra Saraswati Swamigal Trust, Govindapuram - 612 102, Ph : 0435-2470620.

Sri Uthvaganatha Swami Temple, Thirumanjeri :

First Deity : Kalyanasundarar. Presiding deity : Uthvaganathar. Goddess : Gokhila. The devotee, whose marriage is getting delayed or not materializing due to unforeseen obstacles is solved once the devotee visit the shrine and pray for happy ends. They have to offer a garland to Kalyanasundaraperuman and perform an Archana. Childless parents are blessed with children. Couples, brothers and sisters separated both physically and sentimentally, join back with all love and affection The shrine unites broken relations. Festivals: Wedding Festival in the month of Chithirai (April-May) on Poosa star day for three days celebrated with great splendour. Monthly pradosha days draw huge crowd of devotees. Thirumanjeri is 18 kms from Mayiladuthurai and 75 from Nagapattinam.

Mahamaham Festival : Purnima of full moon day is auspicious for bathing in the Punya theerthas (holy rivers/tanks), the Magha Purnima is considered as the most sacred of all. The Masi Magham festival is celebrated every year on this day. The twelve yearly Masi Magam is called the Mahamaham. The Mahamaham festival is celebrated once in twelve years and attracts pilgrims from all over India on the full moon day of the eleventh solar month Magha. This time is considered especially auspicious for bathing. It occurs once in 12 years because the planet Jupiter takes 12 years (Feb & Mar.) to complete one revolution around the sun. (Kumbeswarar Temple). Contact : 0435-2420276. Located 5 km from the Bus stand

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TN Districts

Thanjavur

Thanjavur Places of Interest

Thanjavur Big Temple

1. The greatest of Chola emperors Rajaraja-I (985 A.D - 1012 A.D) the son of Sundara Chola (Parantakaa-II) and Vanavanmahadevi built this magnificent temple named Brihadisvaram at Thanjavur - the capital of Chola dynasty. 2. From the epigraphical evidence it is known about Rajaraja-I started building this temple on his 19th year and completed on 275th day of his 25th year. It took just 6 years to complete this work on 1010 A.D. 3. The Big temple of Thanjavur was called as Rajarajeeswaram, abode of the Lord of Rajaraja Chola or the Temple for Lord Iswara built by Raja Raja Chola the great. 4. Temple is surrounded by moat on two sides and Grand Anaicut river on the other side. This temple is unique to have the tallest tower over the sanctum sanctorum

unlike the other temples. It is 216 feet tall. 5. The stupa at the top is made of bronze. The walls of the sanctum are covered, with the wall paintings of Chola and Nayak periods, comparable to the famous Ajanta cave frescoes. Guarding the inner shrine of the temple, is the gigantic statue of Nandi the Bull. 6. Today the world knows Rajarajeeswaram as the big temple or Brahadeswara temple, an UNESCO world heritage monument, but what the world does not know is about the all round skills of its builder Rajaraja Chola the Great, the architectural intricacies of the temple and the sculptures and arts which have lasted a millennium. 7. Ph : 04362-274476.

Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram :

Darasuram, 34 Kms from Tanjavur. The Rajarajeswaran temple, also known as the Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram is the third in the series of grand temples built by the imperial Cholas. In comparison with the earlier temples, however, it depicts an increase in figural and decorative sculpture. In fact the theme of the decoration in this temple is nityavinoda or perpetual entertainment.

Kailasanatha Swamy Temple :

Koonachery that relievs the devotees Difficulties & Deficiencies : This village is very near to Swamy Malai, Thiruvaikavur, Athanoor and Pullapoothangudi on the bank of Pazhavatru River in Thanjavur District. In this village there is one Siva Temple. The main deity there is Kailasanathar and the Godess is Sri Parvathi. Located in Koonanchery. Papanasam TK, Thanjavur District - 612 301, Ph : 0435-2941879, 10 Km from Papanasam, 12 Km from Kumbakonam, 30 Km from Thanjavur. Transport facilities : Buses are available from Thanjavur Mini Buses and Tour Buses are available at Kumbakonam and Papanasam.

Mannargudi :
Rajagopala Temple, Lord Krishna is featured as Rajagopala in Rajagopala Temple. This temple was constructed in the 12th century and received patronage from the Nayaka Kings.

Museums :
Archeological Museum :- houses an interesting collection of sculpture. Tamil University Museum :- contains coins and musical instruments.

Poondi Matha Kovil :

20 km from the Bus stand. A very famous Catholic Church Cor Matha.People of all faiths visit the church. Ph : 04365-265426.

Puliyur Vyagrapureeswarar Temple :

Around 80 Kms from Thanjavur, situated 3/4 Km North of Ramarmadam Bus stop in Nagapattinam - Tiruvarur Main Road. The ancient history says Kamadhenu, the sacred cow prayed to Lord Shiva in this shrine to get rid of its wrath. One more speciality about this temple, on evenings, Nataraja is worshipped first prior to all other gods. This is also referred as Dhakshina Chidambaram. Chidambaram is where famous temple of lord Nataraja is located. This village is also called as Vyagrapuri named after the lord.

Punnainallur Mariamman Temple :

This is an important temple situated at Punnainallur, 6 miles from Thanjavur. The temple is built in the typical south Indian style with Gopurams and Mandapams (also spelt as Mandapa). Inside the Mandapam there are depictions of the different forms of Ashta Shakti viz., Gaja Lakshmi, Veera Lakshmi, Soubhagya Lakshmi, Santana Lakshmi, Dhana Lakshmi, Dhanya Lakshmi, Vidya Lakshmi, and Karunya Lakshmi. A temple was constructed at the place in 1680 and the idol was installed, so the deity of this temple is known as Punnainallur Mariamman. It is said that the daughter of Tulaja Raja (1729 -35) of Tanjore, who lost her eyesight in an illness, regained it on offering worship at this temple. The kings who ruled Tanjore took great interest in the development of the temple and they vied with one another in constructing Gopurams, Mandapams, Entrances, etc., to the temple. Festivities : In the month of Purattasi (Sep-Oct) the Floating Festival takes place in the holy tank located at the temple. Brahmotsavam takes place in the months of Adi-Avani (Aug-Sep). Sundays are considered to be the most auspicious days for worshipping the Goddess, when huge crowds mainly consisting of womenfolk and children pay their homage. Ph : 04362-267740.

Rajarajan Manimandapam :
Constructed on the eve of the World Tamil conference held at Thanjavur. It is a beautiful park.

Sarabeshwarar Temple :
The famous temple of Sarabeshwarar is situated in Thanjore district at Thirupuvanam. This place is just 6 kms away from Kumbakonam. This temple was built by Kulothunga CholanIII. Here in this temple many kings, lords and autocrats were blessed by worshiping the Lord Sarabeshwarar. Many believers will find solutions for their problems like Black magic, divorce and trouble through enemies, by visiting this temple and worshiping the Lord Sarabeshwarar.

Schwartz Church :
In the palace garden, this church was built in 1779 A.D by Raja Serfoji as a token of his affection for the Rev. C.V. Schwartz of the Danish Mission.

Sivaganga Garden:
10 km from the Bus StandA very beautiful park, located North of the big temple. It has a good collection of beautiful flower plants and birds and animals.

Sooriyanar kovil :
This temple (Sun Temple) located in the middle of the Sooriyanar temple in Thiruvida marudur Taluk 17 km North East of Kumba- konam. Large number of people worship the Sun God here. Sri Mahalingasamy temple at Thiruvidaimarudur is a very big temple and it is believed that Brahmahathi Dosham was removed from King Varagunapandian in this temple. Ph : 0435-2472349.

Swamimalai :
Located 32 Kms away, Swamimalai is one of the six abodes dedicated to Lord Murugan. Lord Murugan preached Pranava mantra OM to Lord Shiva and that is why he is called Swaminathan. The 60 steps to the temple indicate the 60 years of the Tamil calendar. This temple is praised by Arunagirinadar. Every Thursday, Lord Swaminathan is decorated with Diamond Vel. Ph : 0435-2454421, 2454350.

Tamil University :
Established in 1981, the university is engaged in research and advanced study in Tamil. Tamil University Museum has a collection of coins and musical instruments. Ph : 04362226518.

Thalaiyatti Bommai (headnodding doll) is an inexpensive must buy souvenir whenever one visits Thanjavur. It comes in three pieces - head, torso, legs - one gently resting on other so slight movement gives the impression of an Indian classical dancer dancing. This doll was kept near a window and it was a treat to watch her gently dance with the breeze whenever the window was open.

Thanjavur Royal Palace :

The Palace, on the east main street is a series of large and rambling buildings of fine masonry, built partly by the Nayaks around 1532-1675 AD) and partly by the Marathas (1676-1855). The entrance is by way of a large quandrangular courtyard. The encircling walls are pierced by big gateways to the north and east. The courtyard leads to a manypillared hall. Madamaligai is the tower which rises from the palace roof beyond the Goodagopuram. It has six storeys. This many storeyed tower was destroyed by lightning and was subsequently repaired and preserved. The Sangita Mahal or the Music Hall is a miniature of the surviving court of Thirumalai Nayaks. Saraswathi Mahal Library : This library has one of the most important oriental manuscripts collections, in India. Established around 1700 AD, the library contains a collection of over 44,000 manuscripts in palm leaves and paper, and more than 4,500 foreign books which bear the scholar-kings autographs. Over eighty percent of its manuscripts are in Sanskrit, many on palm leaves, some very rare or even unique. The Tamil works includes treatises on medicine, and commentaries on works from the Sangam period. Ph : 04362-233568.

The famous brass and copper metalware has a rich and ancient tradition in Tamil Nadu. These metal objects are used for both religious and secular purposes, though utility is a primary consideration. The deepam or lamp are regarded as a symbol of Agni, which is auspicious and is the best known of the States metalware. There is a good variety of lamps that includes standing lamps, aarathi (votive lamps), deepalakshmis, hand lamps and chain lamps. Patterned trays and shallow dishes in circular, hexagonal, octagonal and oval shapes are widely used in Tamilnadu and are made out of bronze or sheet brass. The popular Thanjavur plates feature designs of deities, birds, flowers, and geometric patterns beaten out from the back of copper and silver sheets and subsequently encrusted on a brass tray, kudam or panchpaathra. Metal toys include models of horses, cows or elephants are made chiefly of brass. A whole range of attractively polished and finished utensils of utilitarian value are also made.

Thirubuvanam Temple :
45 kms from Tanjore. It was built by king Kulothunga on the model of Thanjavur Brahadeeswarar temple. The stately stone gopuram of rare workmanship from the pedestal to the stripe is a standing monument of the architectural glory. A stone inscription in the temple disclose the existence of a university here for teaching advanced courses in Miamsa and Tamil. Ph : 0435-2460760.

Thiruvaiyaru :
13 Kms from Thanjavur, where the famous saint Thyagaraja lived and attained sam- adhi. The famous temple at Thiru vaiyaru is dedicated to Shiva, and is known as Panchanatheswara. An eight day music festival is held here, every January, in honour of the saint.

Thanjavur Chatrams is Historic Neglect

The chatrams built by the Mahrattas in and around Thanjavur are gradually entering into oblivion due to meglect of authorities. However one chatram, which retains its architectural spelldown, is the muktambal chatram in 6 rathanad. As Thanjavur is a tourism spot, the government should restore these leaving monuments.

Tiruvalanchuzhii Shiva Temple :

This temple is near Kumbakonam is known more popularly for its shrine to Sweta Vinayakar, said to be made of the foam of the milky ocean.

Uppiliappan Koil:
4 miles from the Kumbakonam railway station, in Tamil Nadu. Sri Uppiliappan also called as Srinivasan is installed in the moolasthala with Bhooma devi on her knees praying to Him on the right side. The two theerthams in this

temple are Ahorathra pushkarini and Arthi pushkarini. The chariots in which the lord is taken in procession are Vishnu vimanam and Sudhanandha vimanam. The temple follows a very strange customs of not adding salt in any of the prasad. Thirukkalyana utchavam, Garuda sevai and Moolavar thirumanjanam are the festivals celebrated in the temple.

Garbharakshambigai Temple :
20 kms East of Thanjavur dedicated to Sri Mullaivananathar and Sri Karparakshambigai. It is a huge temple spread over a wide expanse with imposing Gopurams and a tank in front of it. It is believed that childless people who worship here with devotion and faith are blessed with pregnancy and pregnant women with safe deliveries. Unmarried women also pray here for their marriages. The Linga here is self-manifested and made of ant-hill mud.Therefore there is no water abhisekam worship is only offered with Punuhu. This Punuhu Chattam is offered by devotees who want to be cured from diseases.

Ramasamy Temple:
Achutha Nayaka of Thanjavur constructed the Ramasamy temple during 16th century. This temple is located on the south-eastern portion of "Porthamarai Kulam" and southern side of "Uchipilliar Kovil" junction. This temple consists of one Gopuram, one Maha Mandapam and Karuvarai. The columns of Maha Mandapam are enriched with intricate stone carving works of Rama-Katha. Vamana Avatharam, Meenakshi Kalyanam, Sukreeva Pattabisekam are some of the famous carving works of this temple. The outer Prahara consists of all 219 wall paintings, which explains the series of incidents from the great Epic "Ramayanam".

Vasishteswaraswamy temple - Thittai :

The temple is situated on Thanjavur - Melattur Road on the way to Thirukkarugavur, at the 10th Km from Thanjavur. A very ancient one is situated in the village Thittai near Thanjavur. As the village is situated south of river Cauvery, its also called Then kudi Thittai. The presiding diety is Swayambootheswarar and the Godess, Ulaganayaki. As the main diety is a Swayambu Lingam he got the name Swayambootheswarar. The main diety is also called as Vasishteswarar as he was worshipped here by Saint Vasishtar.