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    Dr. Lavanya - Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA)

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    Lucas Tobing
    1. Hospital-acquired infections account for an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths in the US each year, making them the sixth leading cause of death. 2. A novel antibiotic resistance gene, NDM-1, poses a serious new threat as a global superbug that can render many antibiotics ineffective. 3. Risk assessment is an important part of healthcare safety and infection prevention, identifying hazards and evaluating risks to prioritize safety measures.

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    Dr. Lavanya - Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA)

    Uploaded by

    Lucas Tobing
    257 views37 pages
    1. Hospital-acquired infections account for an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths in the US each year, making them the sixth leading cause of death. 2. A novel antibiotic resistance gene, NDM-1, poses a serious new threat as a global superbug that can render many antibiotics ineffective. 3. Risk assessment is an important part of healthcare safety and infection prevention, identifying hazards and evaluating risks to prioritize safety measures.

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    Assessment table for Infection Control in Hospital

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    Dr. Lavanya -Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA)

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    1. Hospital-acquired infections account for an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths in the US each year, making them the sixth leading cause of death. 2. A novel antibiotic resistance gene, NDM-1, poses a serious new threat as a global superbug that can render many antibiotics ineffective. 3. Risk assessment is an important part of healthcare safety and infection prevention, identifying hazards and evaluating risks to prioritize safety measures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    257 views37 pages

    Dr. Lavanya - Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA)

    Uploaded by

    Lucas Tobing
    1. Hospital-acquired infections account for an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths in the US each year, making them the sixth leading cause of death. 2. A novel antibiotic resistance gene, NDM-1, poses a serious new threat as a global superbug that can render many antibiotics ineffective. 3. Risk assessment is an important part of healthcare safety and infection prevention, identifying hazards and evaluating risks to prioritize safety measures.

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    of 37

    Lavanya Nutankalva M.D.

    Consultant- Infectious Diseases April 21, 2011

    CDC: hospital-acquired infections account for an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 associated deaths each year. Between 5 - 10 % of the patients who are admitted to U.S. acute-care hospitals acquire one or more infections there. CDC: 1.7 million hospital-acquired infections each year and approximately 90,000 deaths. Hospital-acquired infections are the sixth leading cause of death nationally, costing the health care industry $6 billion annually.

    NDM-1: Novel, global, complex and a serious threat Lancet Infectious Gram-negative bacteria carrying a novel resistance factor :- New Delhi metallo-betalactamase, or NDM-1.

    Govt playing down NDM-1 superbug study?

    To Err Is Human..

    But be sensible what the customer is thinking and how much they know??

    1. Address Strategic Priorities, Culture, and Infrastructure

    Engage Key Stakeholders Communicate and Build Awareness Establish, Oversee, and Communicate System-Level Aims Track/Measure Performance Over Time, Strengthen Analysis 6. Support Staff and Patients/Families Impacted by Medical errors 7. Align System-Wide Activities and Incentives 8. Redesign Systems and Improve Reliability
    2. 3. 4. 5.

    * Multidisciplinary process focusing on reducing risk from infection throughout facility planning, design, and construction (including renovation) activities. Identify hazards. Analyze the risk associated with that hazard. Determine ways to eliminate or control the hazard. ( process to identify those things, situations, processes, etc that may cause harm to people and then decide what measures should be taken and adopt them to effectively prevent or control the harm from happening)

    A multidisciplinary team considers: the environment infectious agents human factors the impact of the proposed project. The team - experts in infectious disease, infection control, patient care, epidemiology, facility design, engineering, construction, and safety

    Integral part of a good occupational health and safety management plan.

    They help to: Create awareness of hazards and risks. Identify who might be at risk (employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc). Determine if existing control measures are adequate or needs improvising Prevent injuries or illnesses

    Identify hazards. Evaluate the likelihood of occurring, and its severity. Consider normal operational situations as well as nonstandard events Review all available heath and safety information about the hazard Identify actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk. Monitor and evaluate to confirm the risk is controlled. Keep any documentation or records that may be necessary.

    It is important to remember that the assessment must take into account not only the current state of the workplace but any potential situations as well.

    Based on the identified risks, the hospital sets goals to minimize the possibility of transmitting infections.

    IC standards have made risk assessment and infection prevention goal setting more structured, formal process to enhance a well designed and thoughtful approach to infection prevention activities.

    Important to identify which hazard is the most serious and which hazard to control first. Priority is usually established by taking into account the employee exposure and the potential for accident, injury or illness.

    percentage of workforce exposed frequency of exposure degree of harm likely to result from the exposure probability of occurrence ( It needs objective judgment)

    1. All aspects needs to be assessed 2. Non-routine activities 3. All records about accidents or any significant events to be recorded and assessed 4. Include all personnel to get the information both trained and untrained eye

    1. Geographic location, community, and population served. 2. The care, treatment, and services provided. 3. The analysis of surveillance activities and other infection prevention data.

    Likelihood of Event Occurring: Rare Unlikely Possible Almost Certain Infection Risk : Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk Very High Risk

    Likelihood of harm Severity of harm

    Very Likely - experienced at least once every six months by an individual. Likely - experienced once every five years by an individual. Unlikely - experienced once during the working lifetime of an individual. Very unlikely - Less than 1% chance of being experienced by an individual during their working lifetime.

    Work activity should be considered, along with: a) part(s) of the body likely to be affected b) nature of the harm: 1. slightly harmful (e.g., superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises; eye irritation from dust) 2. harmful (e.g., lacerations, burns, concussion, serious sprains, minor fractures) 3. extremely harmful (e.g., amputations, major fractures, poisonings, multiple injuries, fatal injuries, occupational cancer)

    Very low - Considered acceptable. - No further action is necessary . Low a) No additional controls are required unless they can be implemented at very low cost . b) Actions to further reduce these risks are assigned low priority.

    Medium a) Consideration for whether the risks can be lowered to a tolerable or an acceptable level, but the costs of additional risk reduction measures should be taken into account.
    b)

    The risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined time period. Arrangements should be made to ensure that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels area associated with harmful consequences.

    c)

    High a) Substantial efforts needed to reduce the risk. b) Risk reduction measures should be implemented urgently in a defined time period and probably suspend or restrict the activity, or to apply interim risk control measures, until this has been completed. c) Considerable resources are needed. d) Arrangements should be made to ensure that controls are maintained.

    Very high a) They are unacceptable. b) Substantial improvements in risk control measures are necessary so that the risk is reduced to a tolerable or acceptable level. c) The work activity should be halted until risk controls are implemented that reduces the risk so that it is no longer very high. d) If it is not possible to reduce the risk, the work should remain prohibited.

    Limiting unprotected exposure to pathogens Limiting transmission of infections associated with procedures Limiting transmission of infections associated with use of medical equipment, devices, and supplies

    Transmission-Transmission activities including surveillance to minimize, reduce, or eliminate risk of infection Standard precautions Transmission based precautions contact precautions, droplet precautions and airborne precautions Outbreak investigation

    Employee health health-related issues Screening Handling of infections Exposures:- Influenza vaccination program, Chicken pox vaccination

    A- Manage by Routine Infection Control Procedures B- Manage by Specific/Enhanced Infection Control Procedures C- This is Serious and Must Be Addressed Immediately by Infection Control Practice Management Systems D- Manage by Routine Infection Control Procedures E- Manage by Specific/Enhanced Infection Control Procedures F- This is Serious and Must Be Addressed Immediately by Infection Control Practice Management Systems

    To see if it was complete and accurate. To be sure that changes in the workplace have not introduced new hazards or changed hazards that were once ranked as lower priority to a higher priority. For constant reinforcement and its continuation.

    Triggers for a review can also include: a change in the work process or flow a change or addition to tools, equipment, machinery (including locations or the way they are used) new employees moving to a new building or work area introduction of new chemicals or substances, when new information becomes available about a current product.

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